Chicken Mesh Research Articles

Prediction of moment capacity of ferrocement composites with chicken mesh and steel slag using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

Prediction of moment capacity of ferrocement composites with chicken mesh and steel slag using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

Retracted: Flexural Behaviour of Chicken Mesh Ferrocement Laminates with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Steel Slag

Retracted: Flexural Behaviour of Chicken Mesh Ferrocement Laminates with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Steel Slag

Experimental and statistical investigation on structural feasibility of admixture based foam concrete with hexagonal wire mesh reinforcement

Foam concrete is an emerging construction material with reduced self-weight, high workability and improved thermal resistance. Deployment of this foam concrete for structural applications has not drawn keen attention of the research community. This study reports an investigation on the viability of using admixtures like, crumb rubber, silica fume and polypropylene fiber in foam concrete, reinforced with hexagonal wire mesh for enhanced strength and energy absorption. Taguchi's experiment design methodology was applied for assessment of the optimal mix of foam concrete with admixtures. Mixtures with three factors, namely silica fume, polypropylene fiber (PP fiber), and crumb rubber were developed in an L9 orthogonal array. Compressive and flexural strength parameters were used to establish the best possible mix proportions for maximum strength. Tests were conducted on hexagonal wire mesh (chicken mesh) kept in horizontal, vertical and horizontal with stirrup arrangements and the results were compared with control mix and the selected optimized mix. In all cases, percentage of steel reinforcement for the total volume of the concrete was kept as 1% by adjusting the layers of mesh provided. Based on the experimental results, crack and deflection patterns were analyzed and compared with the control specimen. The test results demonstrated enhanced strength and ductility of the foam concrete, buttressed by hexagonal wire steel mesh, as compared to control specimens. Besides, the reinforcement in the horizontal alignment with admixtures provided better strength and ductility with an enhancement of 130 % in flexural strength and a ductility index of 3.88 compared to control. Prognosis of the study advocated the propriety of using foam concrete as a structural member in construction.

Bond strength characteristics of masonry using hemp fibre and chicken mesh reinforced mortar

The bonding between the masonry unit and mortar plays very important role in strength of masonry. To improve the bond strength, we need to concentrate on the mortar properties. The present study focusses on the bond strength of masonry by adding reinforcement for the mortar. The hemp fibre and chicken mesh are used as a reinforcement for the mortar. For the test masonry triplets are used with mortar of proportion 1:4. The optimum dosage for hemp fibre is found to be 2% and chicken mesh is added along with mortar joints. The bond strength was tested in universal testing machine and the results have compared each other. From the study it was found that, the bond strength of hemp fibre reinforced triplets is found to be 27% higher than the chicken mesh reinforcement and 73% higher than the unreinforced mortar masonry.

Study on Flexural Behaviour of Ferrocement Composites Reinforced with Polypropylene Warp Knitted Fabric.

Ferrocement is a cost-effective construction material used in the low-cost constructions. It is produced with the combination of cement mortar with closely spaced wire mesh known as chicken wire mesh. Ferrocement process eliminates coarse aggregates when compared to reinforced concrete thus makes the process simple. This paper deals with the influence of various characteristics of warp knitted fabric on the flexural properties of ferrocement composites. Ferrocement composites have a wide range of applications in the construction industry and it has some limitations due to the durability issues. Among the various durability issues, corrosion is one of the main issues to be addressed to enhance the long-term service life of the ferrocement composites. The idea of using non-metallic mesh to eliminate the corrosion problem is discussed in this paper. In this experiment, warp knitted fabric reinforced ferrocement composites were produced using polypropylene warp knitted fabrics. This paper deals with the flexural properties of ferrocement composites made of warp knitted fabric coated with expoxy. This paper deals with the flexural properties of ferrocement composites made of warp knitted fabric coated with expoxy. These composites were analyzed for their flexural strength, energy absorption and ductile property. The variables in the experiment are filament thickness, warp knitted structure and number of layers in the composites. Experimental results proved that the replacement of chicken mesh wire by warp knitted fabrics has an impact in the flexural properties of the composites and the effect of variables in the experiment set up has been analyzed. There is an imporvement of 200% is observed in the first crack load and 120% improvement in the ultimate load of the warp knit fabric reinforced composite compared to control sample. Experimental results proved that there is an increase in flexural strength of ferrocement composites made up with warp knitted fabrics. Microstructure studies like SEM and EDX on ferrocement laminates confirmed good bonding between the mortar mix and warp knitted fabrics.

Comparative study on folded ferrocement and plain ferrocement panels subjected to axial loading

The purpose of this research is to explain the performance of plain and folded ferrocement panels under axial stress and to assess their load bearing capacity. Both the panels were cast and tested using the same dimensions and materials, with a length of around 3000 mm, a depth of 2700 mm, and a thickness of 30 mm. For both panels, a 1: 3 cement mortar with a water cement ratio of 0.45 is employed, double layered chicken mesh and HYSD 8 mm bars are positioned at 200 mm c/c. Two-point loads were gradually applied throughout the span of the panels, and the resulting deflection was measured for each load increment. The maximal load-bearing capacity of both panels was compared in this research, as well as the flexural load carrying ability, load–deflection relationship, fracture patterns, ultimate deflection, and mechanism of failure of specimens. Finally, load deflection graphs and bar charts are plotted to compare the results of both panels. The ETABS software is used to conduct the analytical investigation. Software is used to build a Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame, and ferrocement panels are erected as wall components. The structure's behaviour is investigated, and load vs deflection is plotted for linear static analysis. Finally, the analytical and experimental research outcomes are contrasted.

Comparative study of confining reinforcement used for the rectangular concrete short column

Columns play a major role in reinforced concrete building frames. It is observed that one of the cause of the failure is the insufficient confining reinforcement provided in the columns. The transverse reinforcement provided in the columns also plays a crucial role in preventing the failure of the column under critical conditions. Only the lateral ties used in the columns do not provide safety against deformation and damage. Hence, columns need to be strengthened by providing additional material as a means of confining reinforcement. In this research work, a comparative study of rectangular reinforced concrete short columns is presented. The experimental study of ten different column configurations was carried out using confining materials such as welded wire mesh, ferro cement wall panels, glass fiber mesh, nylon polymer mesh, spot welding, combination of welded wire mesh and chicken mesh, additional diagonal ties and stapled stirrups. Each of the ten configurations consists of three sets of M25 grade columns of size 150×230×550mm. The columns were tested under axial compressive load and the test results were compared with respect to ultimate load carrying capacity of the columns, vertical and lateral deformation of the columns, ductility, practical feasibility and the cost of the columns. The test result shows that the ultimate load carrying capacity of the column for all means of confinement was increased from 16.48 % to 89.24%. A significant improvement in ductility was also observed. Columns confined with nylon polymer mesh (NPM) were found to be efficient and economical as compared to other materials used for confinement.

Retracted] Flexural Behaviour of Chicken Mesh Ferrocement Laminates with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Steel Slag

Bending tests were conducted on ferrocement laminates containing chicken mesh and steel slag. The fundamental goal of the examination was to investigate the effects of partial substitution of fine aggregate by steel slag in cement mortar combining chicken mesh of different volume fractions as reinforcement in thin ferrocement laminates. The following variables were investigated: (a) volume fraction of chicken mesh as 0.94%, 1.88%, 2.82%, and 3.77% and (b) level of steel slag substitution from 0% to 50% by weight fine aggregate. Results show that ferrocement laminates with chicken mesh of volume fractions of 3.77% and 30% substitution of fine aggregate with steel slag display better performance in terms of load deflection behaviour, first crack load, ultimate load, energy absorption, and ductility ratio when related with other specimens. An analytical model has been proposed to predict the ultimate moment carrying capacity of ferrocement laminates under flexure to validate the experimental results.

Influence of lime and chicken mesh on compaction behaviour and strength properties of soil

The primary aim of study is to increase the bearing capacity of the soil and secondly enhance resistance capacity against the weathering process. Insecure soils can make main problems for pavements or structures, in this manner procedures are important to ensure the great steadiness of soil with the goal that it effectively sustain the load of the superstructure particularly if there should be an amount of soil which are exceptionally active, likewise it spares a maximum of duration and huge costing when it is compared with the strategy for removing out and replace the unstable soil. The tests on soil classification, compaction tests and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests should be carried out. The optimum lime content by weight was obtained as 2% against double layers of chicken mesh combination. Standard Proctor tests should perform to calculating OMC and MDD of the soil. For various % of lime content, maximum dry density value increased till 2%, after which it decreased till 6%. Optimum water content value decreased at 1%, increased at 2% and kept on decreasing till 6% of lime. Proctor curve became flatter at 2% whereas for other cases it was found to be normal. In case of chicken mesh, for double layers of chicken mesh, the value of MDD and OMC both decreased as compare to single layer of chicken mesh. For CBR demonstration, out of single layer and double layers of chicken mesh, the optimum value was found at double layers of chicken mesh. It was observed that the CBR value of 2% lime with single layer chicken mesh was found more as compared to CBR value of 2% lime with double layers of chicken mesh.

Performance of Crumb Rubber Incorporated Ferro Geopolymer Panels under Flexure

This research work presents the overview of geopolymer mortar application into the ferro cement panel with the incorporation of crumb rubber and Nano fly ash. The geopolymer mortar is prepared by using industrial wastes as a base material such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) which generally helps to reduce the level of CO2 emission. Also, the recycled tyre crumb rubber is utilized as a sustainable innovative construction material which is used a partial substitution for sand upto 5% for enhancing the ductility without any strength degradation. These reduces land fill problems and ground water quality degradation problems. Crumb rubber has the ideal capacity to absorb energy from static and other kind of loads. The geopolymer binder preparation is done by utilizing material such as fly ash, GGBFS, alkaline liquid made of NaOH and Na2SiO3 , Nano fly ash. The Nano fly ash is used as an additive which helps in increasing the strength and durability of the element by its pore filling capability. This project aims to enhance the strength of fly ash based geopolymer mortar with the help of GGBFS incorporation. The molarity of alkaline activator, solution to binder ratio and silicate to hydroxide ratio is fixed as 12, 0.4 and 1.5 throughout the process. The mortar cubes and panels were heat cured under hot air oven at 80ᵒ C for 48 hours. The mechanical behavior of geopolymer mortar is assessed by compressive strength test water absorption test. The panel is made of high strength geopolymer mortar and expanded metal mesh with chicken mesh for obtaining higher energy absorption capacity with good deforming ability and less crack pronouncement. The investigation involves finding the initial crack load, ultimate failure load and residual flexural strength ratio. The results show that the tyre inclusion enhances the flexural strength of the ferro geopolymer panel by means of its ductile enhancing capacity

Study of Flexural Behaviour of Warp Knitted Reinforced Ferrocement Composites

This paper presents the effect of warp knit textile reinforcement in ferrocement laminates. In general, steel wire mesh is used as ferrocement reinforcement, which is often known as chicken mesh. The need for the replacement of steel mesh is the problem of corrosion, which reduces the durability of ferrocement laminate. High performance synthetic fibres and fabrics are constantly used in various research works as reinforcement in concrete. In this paper, an attempt was made to incorporate three different nylon warp knit mesh structures in the place of chicken mesh. Ferrocement composites were produced with chicken mesh and nylon warp knit fabrics. The flexural properties of ferrocement laminates were analysed in terms of the first crack load, ultimate load, energy absorption capacity and ductility factor. Nylon square mesh with 3 layers in the reinforcement has a 2.5 kN first crack load and 3.36 kN ultimate load, which is higher than chicken mesh reinforcement in ferrocement laminate. The results show that there is an improvement in the flexural properties of ferrocement laminates reinforced with a nylon warp knit structure. The flexural parameters have a direct relationship with the number of layers used in the reinforcement.

Experimental investigation of seismic strengthening technique for confined masonry buildings

The aim of seismic strengthening for masonry buildings is to upgrade structural strength and improve inelastic deformation capacity. Most of the strengthening techniques in practice are rarely validated by experimental procedures. In the present research, various alternate options including Plastic Cement Bag Mesh (PCBM), Nylon Mesh (NM), Polypropylene Band Mesh (PBM), Industrial Geogrid Mesh (IGM), Welded Wire Mesh (WWM) and Chicken Mesh (CHM) were evaluated in the form of masonry prisms and wallets to explore a suitable and effective strengthening technique. The most suitable strengthening technique was then implemented on a damaged full-scale confined masonry building. The strengthened building was subjected to quasi-static lateral loading at the roof level. The effectiveness of strengthening was assessed by comparing failure patterns and seismic performance of the Strengthened Confined Masonry building (CM_ST) with its original counterpart (CM) and other previously tested masonry building systems such as Unreinforced Masonry (URM), Unreinforced Repaired Masonry (URM_REP), Reinforced Masonry (RM), and Reinforced Strengthened Masonry (RM_ST). The CM_ST building performed very well, with an increase in lateral strength, displacement capacity, stiffness, ductility, drift and energy dissipation capacity, along with minimum structural damage, among all the tested masonry buildings.

Enhancing Performance of Infill Masonry With Skin reinforcement Subjected To Cyclic Load

Masonry infill has been widely used as building material due to its cost effectiveness and availability. The failure of these masonry infill walls during the past earthquakes have underscored the importance of ensuring the safety of the infill walls when it is subjected to lateral loads. In-plane and out of plane failures have been observed in many reinforced concrete framed building with masonry infill. To prevent the failure of the infill walls researchers have worked on various confinement techniques like, textile reinforced mortar, ferro cement, and diagonal bracings using fiberglass reinforced panels (FRP) etc. In this paper chicken mesh were used as a confinement technique and the experimental investigation is presented for enhancing the in-plane properties of masonry infill walls like diagonal tension and shear thereby improving the in-plane strength of masonry infill wall. For studying the lateral load capacity of the infill wall two specimens are cast namely, i) infill wall without mesh (B2), ii) infill wall with mesh (B3). Single bay, single floor 1:3 scaled down reinforced cement concrete (RCC) frames designed as per codal provisions are cast with scaled down bricks for construction of infill walls and because of incorporation of skin reinforcement for infill walls the ductility, energy dissipation, ultimate loads are improved considerably and reduced the displacements.

Synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole based polycarboxylic acid functionalised ligands for MOF systems

Copper catalysed click reactions are excellent tools to generate various 1,2,3-triazole linked polytopic aromatic carboxylates. The general reaction route involves protection of the carboxylates before proceeding with the click reaction. These polycarboxylate azoles are conveniently prepared for potential utility as novel key building blocks for metal organic frameworks. In one case, the ligand crystallises into a solid structure containing 1D, 2D and 3D features, based on a zigzag 1D structure, a ‘chicken mesh’-like 2D structure and a 3D structure with very well-defined channels.

Effects of Yaji on Some Biochemical and Haematological Indices in Albino Wistar Rats

Yaji is a mixture of spices and additives that is used as sauce for meat delicacy in Nigeria called suya. Its effects on the body weight, index of liver function, on lipid profile, kidney function and some haematological indices were the main focus of this study. A total of 50 Wistar rats with average weight of 200grams were randomly divided into five experimental groups: A, B, C, D and E. Each group consisted of ten animals. Baseline blood sample was collected from each animal. Group A was the control group while groups B to E were the treatment groups. Group A was given 100% chicken mesh, group B with 75% of chicken mesh + 25% of Yaji, group C with 50% of chicken mesh + 50% of Yaji, group D with 25% of chicken mesh + 75% of Yaji, group E with 100% of Yaji. The experiment lasted for 30days. There was a significant increase in some atherosclerotic index: Total Cholesterol (TC) and Triglyceride (TG), while the level of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) only increased at very high percentage of Yaji intake but High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) increased at moderate intake of Yaji. Sodium and Chloride ions were significantly increased while Potassium and Bicarbonate ions decreased significantly compared to the controls with urea and creatinine levels remaining unchanged. There was also a significant decrease in Packed Cell Volume (PCV) as the proportion of Yaji increased in relation to their feed while White Blood Cell Counts, total and differential were unchanged. The changes in weight did not show any statistical difference from the control. The consumption of the meat sauce, Yaji and its spices may have adverse health implications if consumed in higher quantity than the normal diet and therefore should be consumed only occasionally.

Physio-Microstructural Properties of Aerated Cement Slurry for Lightweight Structures.

Cementitious composites, including ferrocement and continuous fiber reinforced cement, are increasingly considered for building construction and repair. One alternative in processing of these composites is to infiltrate the reinforcement (continuous fibers or chicken mesh) with a flowable cementitious slurry. The relatively high density of cementitious binders, when compared with polymeric binders, are a setback in efforts to introduce cementitious composites as lower-cost, fire-resistant, and durable alternatives to polymer composites. Aeration of the slurry is an effective means of reducing the density of cementitious composites. This approach, however, compromises the mechanical properties of cementitious binders. An experimental program was undertaken in order to assess the potential for production of aerated slurry with a desired balance of density, mechanical performance, and barrier qualities. The potential for nondestructive monitoring of strength development in aerated cementitious slurry was also investigated. This research produced aerated slurries with densities as low as 0.9 g/cm3 with viable mechanical and barrier qualities for production of composites. The microstructure of these composites was also investigated.

Mechanical properties of aerated cement slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh

Aerated slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh was evaluated as a ductile and lightweight material for building construction. The compressive strength of the aerated slurry, and the tensile, compressive and flexural behavior of the aerated slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh were evaluated. Aerated slurry provided a relatively low compressive strength, which did not suit load-bearing applications. Aerated slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh, on the other hand, provided desired mechanical properties, including significantly improved compressive strength, for load-bearing applications. The system exhibited a ductile failure mode which can be attributed to the high specific surface area and the desired mechanical interlocking of the chicken mesh reinforcement. The effects of aeration on the system behavior were evaluated. A theoretical model was developed for evaluating the mechanical behavior of aerated slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh. Aerated slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh offers a desired combination of light weight and mechanical characteristics for use as a building construction material.

Behavior of a lightweight frame made with aerated slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh under cyclic lateral loading

Aerated slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh was evaluated as a ductile and light-weight material for seismic-resistance building construction. An aerated slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh frame was subjected to cyclic lateral loading in order to assess its load-bearing capacity, ductility and hysteretic energy dissipation capacity. The frame exhibited a ductile failure mode compatible with its strong column-weak beam design. It also exhibited a desirable hysteretic energy dissipation capacity. Comparisons were made between the performance of this frame versus those of structural systems of similar geometric attributes made primarily of wood-based sheets. Semi-empirical models were developed for prediction of the structural behavior of aerated slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh. The structural performance of the frame made with aerated slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh under cyclic lateral loads was compared against those of lateral load-resisting systems of comparable geometric attributes comprising primarily of OSB and hardwood sheets. The aerated slurry-infiltrated chicken mesh structural system offers qualities that are intermediate between those of wood and reinforced concrete structural systems.

Development of sandwich composites for building construction with locally available materials

A sandwich composite comprising ferrocement skins was developed as the primary structural module for building construction with indigenous materials. The indigenous reinforcement systems selected for use in ferrocement skins were jute burlap and chicken mesh (flexible galvanized steel wire). These reinforcement systems were characterized through performance of tension tests. The tensile strength, stiffness and ductility of jute burlaps were found to compare favorably with those of chicken mesh which is a viable reinforcement for use in ferrocement. Tension tests on ferrocement sheets indicated that indigenous reinforcement ratios above a threshold level could induce multiple cracking and strain-hardening behavior, producing a desired balance of tensile strength and ductility. The tensile strength of indigenous ferrocements with jute burlap reinforcement exceeded the theoretically predicted values, which could be attributed to the favorable interactions of the burlap reinforcement with the inorganic matrix, and the strengthening effects of hydrates precipitating within the yarn voids in burlap. Experiments were conducted to determine the bond strength and the required development length of the indigenous reinforcement in cementitious matrix. Indigenous sandwich composites comprising ferrocement skins with jute burlap reinforcement and an aerated concrete core made of lime-gypsum matrix and saponin foaming agent were fabricated and subjected to flexure testing. The sandwich composite provided relatively high flexural strengths; the flexural failure modes indicated that the relatively dense aerated concrete core makes important contributions to the flexural performance of the sandwich composite.

Patient-Centered Outcomes Research: Early Evidence From A Burgeoning Field.

Patient-Centered Outcomes Research: Early Evidence From A Burgeoning Field.