Chickens For Meat Production Research Articles

Comparison of competitive and sandwich immunochromatographic analysis in the authentication of chicken in meat products

Cheap chicken meat is often used as an undeclared substitute in meat products. In this study, two formats of the immunochromatographic assay (ICA) of immunoglobulins of class Y (IgY) as a biomarker for chicken authentication were developed. In both competitive ICA (cICA) and sandwich ICA (sICA), gold nanoparticles (GNP) were conjugated with anti-species antibodies. A simple procedure of sample preparation, which took only 30 min, was proposed. Test systems demonstrated high sensitivity and rapidity: visual limits of detection of IgY and assay durations were 12/14 ng/mL and 10/15 min for cICA and sICA, respectively. The absence of cross-reactivity with the mammalian species confirmed the high specificity of the test systems. Good applicability of the assays was confirmed for the detection of chicken in raw meat mixtures: as low as 3% and 0.2% (w/w) of chicken could be revealed in beef and pork by cICA and sICA, respectively. The influence of heat processing of meat-based products on immune recognition and, consequently, the analytical performance of the test systems was revealed. It was shown that sICA is preferable for the detection of IgY even in thermally processed meat. The proposed ICAs can be recommended for rapid on-site control of meat products’ composition.

The influence of dietary protein and energy levels on the performance, meat bone ratio and meat chemical composition of SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken

<p class="Default"><span lang="EN-US">Sensi-1 Agrinak is a strain of the improved native chickens for meat production in Indonesia. The objective of </span><span lang="IN">this</span><span lang="EN-US"> study was to investigate influence of different dietary energy and protein levels on </span><span lang="IN">p</span><span lang="EN-US">erformance, meat bone ratio</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span lang="EN-US"> and meat chemical composition of Sensi-1 Agrinak chicken, reared until 10 weeks of age. Two hundred and sixteen of unsexed day old chickens (DOC) of Sensi-1 Agrinak were subjected to six experimental rations differed in dietary crude protein (CP) content,. </span><span lang="IN">Namely:</span><span lang="EN-US"> 21;19; and 17 % and dietary metabolizable energy (ME) (2800 and 3000 kcal/kg). Each treatment combination was replicated four times and fed from day old to 10 weeks old. In each treatment combination there were nine unsexed-DOCs. The parameters observed were performance (i.e. live weight, feed intake, viability, FCR), economic index (European Production Efficiency Factor/EPEF), meat bone ratio, and meat chemical composition. </span><span lang="IN">R</span><span lang="EN-US">esult showed that </span><span lang="EN-US">increas</span><span lang="IN">ed</span><span lang="EN-US"> of dietary CP level increased live weight and EPEF (p<0.05). Sensi-1 Agrinak chicken had the best FCR (2.59), when fed diet containing 21% CP and 3000 kcal/kg. Increas</span><span lang="IN">ed</span><span lang="EN-US"> dietary CP level increased the meat-bone ratio of breast, thighs, and drumsticks. Meanwhile, increas</span><span lang="IN">ed</span><span lang="EN-US"> levels of dietary CP and ME did not affect (p>0.05) meat chemical composition. It </span><span lang="IN">is</span><span lang="EN-US"> concluded that optimal dietary levels of crude protein and energy for unsexed Sensi-1 Agrinak chicken up to 10 weeks of age were 21% CP and 3000 kcal/kg.</span></p>

Development of a direct loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid and simple on-site detection of chicken in processed meat products

We developed a direct loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene to detect chicken in processed meat products. This rapid on-site detection method was developed using a portable fluorescence device and the LAMP assay with direct amplification. Chicken-specific LAMP primer set was designed and its specificity confirmed against 24 other animal species. The limit of detection (LOD) of the chicken-specific LAMP assay for chicken DNA was 10 fg. To evaluate the sensitivity of the direct LAMP assay, different percentages of chicken meat prepared with pork or beef were prepared. Heat- and pressure-treated meat mixtures were used to assess the applicability of this assay. LODs of the direct LAMP assay for the chicken/pork and chicken/beef mixtures were 0.1% for raw meat and 1% for heat- and pressure-treated meat. The direct LAMP assay was applied to 19 commercially available processed meat products. This assay successfully amplified the target sequence and identified the presence of chicken meat in processed meat products within approximately 30 min. This direct LAMP assay is a rapid and simple method for on-site detection of chicken meat in commercial products to monitor the authentication of chicken in meat products.

The investigation of alfaalfa effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase in chicken meat in dependence on time storage

This study was conducted in order to monitor the effect of adding lucerne meal to chicken feed mixtures. The experiment was conducted at the Department Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. Chickens for meat production - final type Cobb 500 were used in the experiment. Chickens were placed in boxes all together for one group at the beginning of the experiment and from 14 days of age chickens were divided individually into floor enriched cages. Feeding of chickens lasted 38 days. The experiment was carried out without sex segregation. For the production of a feed composition was used alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as lucerne meal, which was added to the feed at a rate of 4%, namely: starter (HYD-01), growth (HYD-02) and final (HYD-03). The control group did not include the addition of lucerne meal. Chickens were fed ad libitum. Chickens were slaughtered after completion of feeding and the meat samples were taken for analysis. The collected samples were stored at -18 °C. Collected samples of meat were analyzed after slaughter chickens at time intervals of 6, 12 and 18 months. In the experiment was monitored the content of supeoxid dismutase in the chicken meat depending on the length of storage time. Superoxide dismutase content was increasing by storage time, while there were some statistically significant differences between groups.

English

Synthetic amino acid supplementation has provided facilities in the adjustment of feed formula, making it possible to obtain the required levels of essential amino acids. Lysine is pronounced the second greatest restrictive amino acid in broiler nutrition. The synthetic amino acid lysine is used as the orientation amino acid in poultry for the reason that it is mainly consumed for protein synthesis. In order to characterize the requirements of lysine, 240 male broilers of the lineage Avian Farms were kept in an environment with average temperature of 25.6°C. The 22 to 42 days old broilers presented initial average weight of 541 ± 3.6 g. The basal ration contained 19.57% of crude protein (CP), 3100 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg and 0.88% of total lysine, which was supplemented with 0.000, 0.076, 0.153, 0.230 and 0.306% de L-lysine hydrochloric acid (HCL), resulting in rations with 0.88, 0.94, 1.00, 1.06 and 1.12% of total lysine. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments of total lysine, six repetitions and eight broilers per repetition. During experiments, the temperature was kept at 25.6 ± 0.24°C, relative moisture ate 68.4 ± 6.30%, black globe temperature at 25.7 ± 0.25°C and the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) at 74 ± 0.6°C. Treatments influenced the absolute weight of carcass, breast with bone, leg, thigh, abdominal fat and relative weight of breast with bone. Lysine levels had a quadratic effect over the food conversion (FC), which increased up to the level 1.03% of total lysine. Lysine levels had a quadratic influence over the weight gain (WG), which increased up to the level 1.05% of total lysine. Key words: Chickens for meat production, growth phase, lysine, thermal environment.

Quantitative analysis of pork and chicken products by droplet digital PCR.

In this project, a highly precise quantitative method based on the digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) technique was developed to determine the weight of pork and chicken in meat products. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is currently used for quantitative molecular analysis of the presence of species-specific DNAs in meat products. However, it is limited in amplification efficiency and relies on standard curves based Ct values, detecting and quantifying low copy number target DNA, as in some complex mixture meat products. By using the dPCR method, we find the relationships between the raw meat weight and DNA weight and between the DNA weight and DNA copy number were both close to linear. This enabled us to establish formulae to calculate the raw meat weight based on the DNA copy number. The accuracy and applicability of this method were tested and verified using samples of pork and chicken powder mixed in known proportions. Quantitative analysis indicated that dPCR is highly precise in quantifying pork and chicken in meat products and therefore has the potential to be used in routine analysis by government regulators and quality control departments of commercial food and feed enterprises.

New Production Systems: Evaluation of Organic Broiler Production in Denmark

SUMMARY In Denmark organic production of broilers (chickens for meat production) has expanded since 1996, when only a few farmers produced approximately 6,000 broilers. At that time, the broilers were sold directly to customers. At present, the yearly production is 350,000 broilers, and professionals organize the sale. Organic broiler production should comply with the overall goals for organic farming. This new production system differs from the conventional system due to specified standards. The production period is prolonged because broilers need to be at least 81 d old when slaughtered, and these chickens are genetically programmed to be slower growing with a maximum growth rate of 30 g/d. Additionally, daily access to roughage, organic feed without coccidiostats, and outdoor pasture areas is required. In the present paper the organic production system and data concerning growth, feeding, animal health, and slaughter quality is described based on an investigation conducted on 9 Danish farms in 1998. This investigation is the first of organic broiler production in Denmark.

Energieumsatz von küken bei niedriger umgebungstemperatur

The daily energy metabolism of growing chickens for meat production (origin T 82) fed ad libitum was measured from the 5th up to the 65th day of life at environmental temperatures decreasing in the course of development (25, 20, 15, 15, 15, 10, 10, 5 and 5 degrees C, resp.). Further in each period the heat production was measured through a wide range of temperatures (Maximum 40 degrees C to 5 degrees C in steps of 5 K) by 30-minute short time measurements. The mean live weight of the chickens was 75 g at the beginning of the experiment and 3416 g (male) or 2952 g (female) at the end of the experiment. The digestibility of energy and nutrients was independent of the stage of development. On average the total efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy was 39.2 +/- 4.8% and the partial efficiency of utilization was 69.7 +/- 2.1%. 15-38% of the produced heat, caused by thermoregulation. The thermoneutral temperature decreased in the course of development from 35 to 18 degrees C and in the same way the thermoregulatory heat production decreased from 23 to 12 kJ/kg LW0.75.d.K. In the 2nd period the thermoregulatory heat production was extraordinarily high at an amount of 28 kJ/kg LW0.75.d.K.