Chicago Series Research Articles

Notes on Polanyi’s 1954 Lecture, “Rules of Rightness”

This short essay provides some historical notes helpful for understanding what Polanyi first called “rules of rightness” in his 1954 University of Chicago series of lecturess

Nell Nelson's Undercover Reporting

On assignment for the Chicago Times in the late 1880s, Nell Nelson was commissioned by the newspaper to pose as a shop girl in Chicago factories. She was among many stunt girl reporters who were hired to do dangerous or unusual tasks then write about them. Stunt girls exposed corruption, at the same time providing entertainment for their readers. Nelson's firsthand accounts in “City Slave Girls of Chicago” detailed labor conditions of poor, working-class women. The Chicago series of twenty-one articles were collected into a book and resumed in the New York World. Nelson's sympathetic narratives attracted readers and inspired public debate for labor reform, which provided more evidence that women could write compelling investigative news stories.

How Can Outcomes Be Improved for Older Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Older age has consistently been identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survival in population-based studies and clinical trials in the last several decades. In the 1970s and 1980s, 5-year event-free survival or freedom from treatment failure rates for older (or elderly) patients with HL, most commonly defined as age 60 years, ranged from 30% to 40% with 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of 40% to 50%. These rates are markedly inferior compared with patients with HL younger than age 60 years with 5-year event-free survival of 70% to 75% and OS greater than 80% to 85%. An important question is: have outcomes improved for older patients with HL with refined therapeutic regimens and enhanced supportive care measures in the contemporary era? In a 2008 SEER database analysis, Brenner et al reported improved HL survival over time across all age groups, including older patients. The 5-year survival rates for patients age 60 years increased from 1980 to 1984 through 2000 to 2004 (35% to 59%, respectively). However, the survival rates were exceptionally low from 1980 to 1984, and they still remained significantly lower ( 30% to 35%) in the latter time period compared with younger populations. Recent prospective data in advanced-stage HL confirmed this. Outcomes for patients with HL age 60 years on the phase III study E2496 (treated with ABVD [doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine] or Stanford V) seemed improved with historical controls but remained much lower compared with patients younger than age 60 years (5-year failure-free survival [FFS] and OS: 48% and 58%, respectively, v 74% and 90%, respectively). Notably, these survival disparities cannot be explained merely by the advanced age of patients. In a recent retrospective analysis of older patients with HL treated in the current era, we reported 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and OS of 44% and 58%, respectively, which were significantly inferior compared with an ageand sex-matched population (Fig 1). The cause of poor outcomes for older patients with HL is likely multifactorial, including presence of comorbidities and decreased organ reserve leading to increased toxicity and poor tolerability of therapy, which compromises chemotherapy dose-intensity and contributes to treatment-related mortality (TRM). BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) in the “baseline” form has been shown to be too toxic with a reported TRM rate of 21% in patients with HL age 66 to 75 years. Many bleomycin-containing regimens, including ABVD, are poorly tolerated; this is partly from the risk of the potentially lethal adverse event, bleomycin lung toxicity (BLT). The incidence of BLT in the literature is variable, including up to 46%. Older age is a well-described risk factor associated with BLT in addition to cumulative bleomycin dose, renal insufficiency, pulmonary radiation, and high fractions of inspired oxygen. The incidence of BLT in our Chicago series of patients with HL age 60 years was 32% with an associated mortality rate of 25%. Furthermore, the rate of BLT was much higher in patients who received granulocytestimulating growth factor versus those who did not (ie, 38% v 0%, respectively; P .001), which supports prior data suggesting granulocyte-stimulating growth factor increases the risk of BLT. Several sources of evidence have also suggested that HL in older 0 HL population General US population Ov er al l S ur vi va l ( % )

C. Sarah Soh . The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan . (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2008. Pp. xxviii, 352. Cloth $70.00, paper $25.00.

C. Sarah Soh . The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan . (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2008. Pp. xxviii, 352. Cloth $70.00, paper $25.00.

Cytogenetic and genetic pathways in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia

Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/t-AML) are late complications of cytotoxic therapy used in the treatment of malignant diseases. The most common subtype of t-AML (∼75% of cases) develops after exposure to alkylating agents, and is characterized by loss or deletion of chromosome 5 and/or 7 [−5/del(5q), −7/del(7q)], and a poor outcome (median survival 8 months). In the University of Chicago's series of 386 patients with t-MDS/t-AML, 79 (20%) patients had abnormalities of chromosome 5, 95 (25%) patients had abnormalities of chromosome 7, and 85 (22%) patients had abnormalities of both chromosomes 5 and 7. t-MDS/t-AML with a −5/del(5q) is associated with a complex karyotype, characterized by trisomy 8, as well as loss of 12p, 13q, 16q22, 17p ( TP53 locus), chromosome 18, and 20q. In addition, this subtype of t-AML is characterized by a unique expression profile (higher expression of genes) involved in cell cycle control ( CCNA2, CCNE2, CDC2), checkpoints ( BUB1), or growth ( MYC), loss of expression of IRF8, and overexpression of FHL2. Haploinsufficiency of the RPS14, EGR1, APC, NPM1, and CTNNA1 genes on 5q has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MDS/AML. In previous studies, we determined that Egr1 acts by haploinsufficiency and cooperates with mutations induced by alkylating agents to induce myeloid leukemias in the mouse. To identify mutations that cooperate with Egr1 haploinsufficiency, we used retroviral insertional mutagenesis. To date, we have identified two common integration sites involving genes encoding transcription factors that play a critical role in hematopoiesis ( Evi1 and Gfi1b loci). Of note is that the EVI1 transcription factor gene is deregulated in human AMLs, particularly those with −7, and abnormalities of 3q. Identifying the genetic pathways leading to t-AML will provide new insights into the underlying biology of this disease, and may facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets.

PABLO MITCHELL. Coyote Nation: Sexuality, Race, and Conquest in Modernizing New Mexico, 1880-1920. (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2005. Pp. xv, 235. $20.00

PABLO MITCHELL. Coyote Nation: Sexuality, Race, and Conquest in Modernizing New Mexico, 1880-1920. (Worlds of Desire: The Chicago Series on Sexuality, Gender, and Culture.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2005. Pp. xv, 235. $20.00

Queer London: Perils and Pleasures in the Sexual Metropolis, 1918–1957. By Matt Houlbrook. The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society. Edited by John C. Fout. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. Pp. xiv+384. $29.00.

<i>Queer London: Perils and Pleasures in the Sexual Metropolis, 1918–1957.</i> By Matt Houlbrook. The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society. Edited by <i>John C. Fout.</i> Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. Pp. xiv+384. $29.00.

Zayde: A Spanish Romance (review)

Reviewed by: Zayde: A Spanish Romance Claire Carlin Marie-Madeleine Lafayette . Zayde: A Spanish Romance, ed. and trans. Nicholas D. Paige. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. xxix+210 pp. US$18, £11.50 (pb). ISBN 978-0-226-46852-5. Since its inception, "The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe" series from the University of Chicago Press has made available women's writings from Italy, France, Germany, and Spain, many for the first time in English. The selections are often unavailable in modern, affordable paperback editions even in their original language, a situation that fortunately is changing, perhaps under the impetus of the Chicago series. The French women writers already featured in the collection are Marie Dentière, Louise Labé, Mme de Maintenon, Madeleine de Scudéry, and Marie-Catherine Desjardins (Mme de Villedieu); two treatises by Gabrielle Suchon and a selection of fairy tales are the next French volumes projected. The choice of Zayde among the works of Mme de Lafayette is consistent with the effort to bring lesser-known works to a wide readership. While other Lafayette novels (La Princesse de Montpensier, La Comtesse de Tende, to say nothing of La Princesse de Clèves) have been published in recent, inexpensive paperback editions in France, Zayde has not appeared in print in French since 1990 (though it is available on the Gallica site of the Bibliothèque Nationale); the only English translation dates from 1678. Nicholas Paige's edition situates the novel in seventeenth-century French culture and in the history of the [End Page 252] genre so that North American undergraduates, along with an audience of educated readers outside the academy, will be able to appreciate fully the particularities of this work. The subtitle "A Spanish Romance" signals the importance of genre in this case. The unlikely plot twists, the imbricated tales, the heroic characters of the sprawling Baroque novels popular until around 1660 have been set in a new frame, compressed to fewer than 200 pages. Of all the attempts to remake romance in a condensed form in the final decades of the century, Zayde, first published in 1669, proved to be the only commercial success. Paige explains its subsequent disappearance from the canon as a key element in the history of the novel: as romance became feminized, associated primarily with women readers and writers, it was increasingly devalued, and by the nineteenth century it was eliminated from the realm of "serious" literature in favour of the realist strain, which was perceived as more than mere escapism. Paige helps the non-specialist reader to realize how Zayde questions and subverts the romance genre even as it takes full advantage of romance conventions. Rather than a parody in the manner of Sorel or Marivaux, "Zayde is the last great French romance" (13) in the sense that it links the embedded stories, using them to create "a sort of taxonomy of unhappiness in which heroes and heroines are separated not by real, external obstacles—an earthquake, a father's interdiction, an uncertain birth, a rival's challenge—but rather by different psychological bents" (18-19). The characters' inability to interpret narrative because of their own flawed vision requires the reader to recognize and interpret gaps in understanding caused by human frailty. Lafayette's genius in renewing the conventions of romance was little appreciated after the eighteenth century as "the realist prejudice has rewritten our conception of what the novel is and made it nearly impossible to appreciate the other novelistic genres to which early modern women made a particularly active contribution" (2). After having exposed the broad context in which Zayde must be situated in order to be appreciated, Paige's translation and its accompanying notes continue to bolster the reader's understanding of French culture in 1670. Helpful glosses on notions such as admiration, inclination, attachement, engagement, and galanterie, for example, explain the resonance of these words in salon culture. Notes are also provided when Paige wishes to elucidate his choices for other complex concepts, such as esprit, fortune, humeur, or patrie. The elegant translation balances the "charming archaism" (32) associated with romance (even for early modern readers) with the need to appeal to twenty-first...

Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland, 1400-1600 (review)

Reviewed by: Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland, 1400-1600 Beth Plummer Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland, 1400-1600. By Helmut Puff. [The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society.] (Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2003. Pp. ix, 311. $24.00 paperback.) Helmut Puff's book, part of "The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History and Society," is an extraordinary example of how a social history of language can lead to a contextual understanding of sexuality and communal identity. Tackling an [End Page 410] oft ignored and marginalized topic, Puff demonstrates how a careful analysis of "multifarious relationships between acts and words" (p. 11) leads to a nuanced understanding of the changing usage of the various terms, including, sodomy (sodomia), sinning "against nature" (contra naturam or wider die nature), heresy (Ketzerei), and florencing (florenzen), to describe male same-sex sexual acts in late medieval southern Germany and Switzerland. Combining extensive archival research with a well-grounded understanding of contemporary literary theory and historical method, Puff proposes that the discursive rhetoric surrounding sodomy played a significant role in creating a unique state, religious and social identity in German-speaking lands during the Reformation. Part One, "Acts and Words," shows how sodomy accusations and trials had more to do with local conflicts than sustained effort by secular or ecclesiastic authorities to control same-sex sexual behavior. Puff, however, asserts that the medieval "Church's relative lack of interest in homosexual behavior" should not be equated with "tolerance" (p. 21) and that seeming inaction itself can constitute action when scrutinized closely. In Chapters One and Two, Puff argues that while those convicted of sodomy were severely punished, trials themselves were "episodic" rather than "systematic" (p. 30). He finds that class issues rather than concern about sexual behavior dominated sodomy prosecution, since most cases pursued by civic authorities dealt with upper-class men or clergy until the Reformation. Particularly fascinating is Puff's discussion in Chapter Three of "tropes of unspeakability" (p. 57) in theological tracts, confessional manuals, and printed sermons and catechisms, and of how the presentation subtly shifted according to audience. This convincing section illustrates how an absence of direct descriptive discussion of sodomy and the use of silence was intentional in confronting the "silent sin." Chapter Four traces how this rhetoric of unspeakability found its way into legal trials and public denouncement of sodomy during the early sixteenth century. Part Two, "Acting Words," demonstrates that polemical use of sodomy, often presented as an extreme of Reformation discourse, was not a new phenomenon, but rather had historical and rhetorical precedent in fifteenth-century slander and defamation. Chapter Five traces how verbal allegations became "a popular vehicle to circulate concepts associated with sodomy" (p. 107) in fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century Switzerland. Defamation and slander were largely directed at foreigners and elites, thus "venting social and political dissatisfaction"(p. 116). Chapter Six outlines how German humanists used a slanderous and violent rhetoric of sodomy to differentiate themselves from their Italian counterparts and how this "rhetoric of inversion" created a "geography of perversion." Chapter Seven describes how civic authorities and Reform-minded theologians, including Martin Luther, utilized the term "sodomy" during the Reformation to contrast their reforms with "sodomite activities" of the Catholic, and Italian, Church. This brought the "unspeakable sin" fully into the rhetorical repertoire and created a powerful polemical tool. Chapter Eight suggests how this rhetorical contrast pushed Protestant reformers to advocate [End Page 411] marriage as the only acceptable sexual norm for all, including clergy, since "celebration of marriage as well as sodomiphobia were particularly successful as Protestant rallying points because both accorded with and could be mapped onto values held by communities before the Reformation" (p. 176). Thus, Puff proposes how the concept of sodomy, originally defined as sexual "heresy," ultimately transformed into a rhetoric of inclusion and difference creating communal identity in the German-speaking regions of Switzerland and Germany during the Reformation. Beth Plummer Western Kentucky University Copyright © 2007 The Catholic University of America Press

Reconsidering the Study of Mathematics Instructional Practices: The Importance of Curricular Context in Understanding Local and Global Teacher Change

This paper discusses the case of one teacher, Jackie, whose instructional practices illuminate the importance of textbooks and student/parent expectations in shaping pedagogy. Jackie teaches in the Plainview district, which offers parents and students a choice between a reform-oriented, integrated curriculum (Core Plus) and a more conventional algebra sequence (the University of Chicago series). Each day, Jackie teaches two very different sections of accelerated eighth-grade mathematics using each of these curricular materials. Drawing from students’ survey responses, classroom observations, and teacher interview data, we show ways in which Jackie’s pedagogy differs considerably between the two courses and we shed light on reasons underlying this variation.

Genetic Pathways in Therapy-Related Leukemia: FHL2 Cooperates with del(5q).

Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) are late complications of cytotoxic therapy used in the treatment of both malignant and non-malignant diseases. The most common subtype of t-MDS/t-AML (~75% of cases) develops after exposure to alkylating agents, and is characterized by loss of a whole chromosome 5 and/or 7, or a deletion of the long arms of these chromosomes [-5/del(5q), -7/del(7q)]. Patients who develop t-MDS/t-AML in this setting typically show a latency of 5 years from alkylating agent exposure, and present with cytopenias and myelodysplasia. In the University of Chicago's series of 306 patients with t-MDS/t-AML, 64 (21%) patients had abnormalities of chromosome 5, 85 (28%) patients had abnormalities of chromosome 7, and 65 (21%) patients had abnormalities of both chromosomes 5 and 7 (Smith et al. Blood 102:43, 2003). Survival times of these t-AML patients are short (median 8 mos), and new therapeutic approaches are needed.Genetic pathways in t-MDS/t-AML are poorly-understood. Monosomy 7/del(7q) has been associated with activating mutations of the RAS pathway and methylation silencing of the CDKN2B (p15INK4B) gene, whereas -5/del(5q) is associated with TP53 mutations and a complex karyotype. To identify novel molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of t-MDS/t-AML, we previously performed gene expression profiling of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells from t-AML patients, and identified two major groups, characterized by a -7/del(7q) or normal karyotype (Group A) or -5/del(5q) (Group B) (Qian et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:14925, 2002). Patients with a -5/del(5q) have a higher expression of genes involved in cell cycle control (CCNA2, CCNE2, CDC2), checkpoints (BUB1), or growth (MYC), and loss of expression of ICSBP. In addition, FHL2 is upregulated in this subgroup. FHL2 is a multi-functional LIM domain protein that has been implicated as a transcriptional co-activator or co-repressor mediating proliferation and apoptosis in a tissue-specific fashion. Interacting partners of FHL2 include WT1, b-catenin, PLZF, and the androgen receptor. In subsequent studies, we determined that hematopoietic cells express a novel isoform of FHL2 (termed B-FHL2), that contains a unique 5′-UTR, but encodes the same peptide, suggesting that FHL2 is regulated by a different promoter in hematopoietic cells. To examine the effects of enhanced expression of FHL2 on hematopoiesis, we transduced primary bone marrow cells from mice treated with 5-FU with retroviral vectors expressing FHL2 (MIGR1-FHL2, MSCV-FHL2). Up-regulation of FHL2 enhanced proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells, and self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic cells in vitro. To determine if up-regulation of FHL2 in vivo leads to alterations in lineage-specific differentiation, we used retroviral transduction/transplantation techniques. Expression of FHL2 resulted in increased numbers of colony-forming cells and GM colonies, but not BFU-E or GEMM colonies. Recipient mice followed for up to 12 months were characterized by enhanced myelopoiesis and partially blocked B lymphopoiesis, with no detectable effect on T cell development. Expression of FHL2 did not induce leukemia in transplanted mice. These results suggest that FHL2 is involved in hematopoiesis. Furthermore, upregulation of FHL2 results in increased stem cell and progenitor cell self-renewal; however, leukemogenesis may require the acquisition of secondary cooperating mutations.

Sappho in Early Modern England: Female Same-Sex Literary Erotics 1550-1714 (review)

Reviewed by: Sappho in Early Modern England: Female Same-Sex Literary Erotics 1550-1714 Dosia Reichardt Andreadis, Harriette, Sappho in Early Modern England: Female Same-Sex Literary Erotics 1550-1714 (The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society), Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2001; paper; pp. xiii, 254; 9 b/w illustrations; RRP US$17; ISBN 02260200096. This study deals with the literary construction of female homosexuality in the period from 1550 to the first quarter of the eighteenth century. In the introductory chapter it is made clear that the book covers literary rather than historical practice. English female writers are discussed in depth, but the book also covers continental and classical influences on writers and readers. Professor Andreadis does not limit herself to the accounts of transgressive behaviour in conventional literary texts but includes travel narratives, anatomies, conduct books and other vernacular publications. The most interesting period, from the point of view of different configurations of erotic relationships, turns out to have been the mid-seventeenth century. By then, discourse about same-sex behaviour was becoming inhibited and existing literary forms, such as pastoral, were reshaped to provide a sort of coded vehicle for the expression of feelings that would not excite opprobrium. Here I was hoping to find out more about cross-dressing (women with cropped hair openly wearing swords) and other transgressive behaviours; vignettes of social life sometimes referred to in the poetry of the drolleries. The author's aim is to restore the complexity defining same-sex relations in the early-modern period, but principally from the female point of view. Katherine [End Page 188] Philips is an obvious choice of subject and an analysis of her work takes up a substantial portion of chapter 3. The poems receive a fresh and detailed critique and Andreadis points out that Philip's relationships with other women were becoming understood as liminal, especially when reference was made to Sappho. Indeed the discussion about the reception and rewriting of Sappho via Ovid, and in a male tradition, which forms the subject of the second chapter is perhaps the most interesting section of the book. Linguistic evidence is provided and the evolution of terms such as tribade and fricatrice is examined for their ideological freight. Stephen Orgel in his essay 'Jonson and the Amazons' cites Jonson's usage of the adjective for female homosexuality as the earliest recorded. In Epicoene, Jonson sends Venus to invent new sports with the Graces calling them 'thy tribade trio'. Although the author traces how myths about tribadism became enshrined in drama, romance and poetry she does not include this reference. She does, however, cast new light on the classical influences on English literature at this time through her analysis of the way Ovid's fictional rewriting of Sappho's sexual activities in the Heroïdes gained credibility and authority. The same-sex erotics available to those who could read Latin were gradually suppressed in vernacular literature considered suitable reading for the 'proper lady'. Katherine Philips set a precedent in the homosocial environment of her time, but by the mid-eighteenth century explicitly transgressive discourse had been split from a charged but shadowy language that would lead to the development of a language of female romantic friendship based on virtue and chastity. Andreadis's history of ideas also embraces other late seventeenth-century writers: Anne Killigrew, Anne Finch, and Jane Barker, thus providing an interesting background for students of Jane Austen. The book adds to studies of Early Modern subjectivity from a new perspective which deserved expansion in an introductory chapter. As it stands, there is a very short preface and some statement of theoretical intent in Chapter I where Andreadis positions herself among other scholars who have either evaded (Faderman) or promoted (Castle) a recovery of same-sex literary perspective. For anyone interested in pre-Romantic women's writing and in the way a male culture has shaped its production and reception, this book is a welcome addition to the critical work accumulating on previously marginalized authors. There are a few diverting illustrations and an excellent bibliography. Dosia Reichardt English James Cook University Copyright © 2005 the author

Justice in the Balkans: Prosecuting War Crimes in the Hague Tribunal. By John Hagan. Chicago Series in Law and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. xxiv, 274 pp. Appendix. Notes. Index. $29.00, hard bound.

Justice in the Balkans: Prosecuting War Crimes in the Hague Tribunal. By John Hagan. Chicago Series in Law and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. xxiv, 274 pp. Appendix. Notes. Index. $29.00, hard bound.

Jens Rydström. &lt;italic&gt;Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880–1950&lt;/italic&gt;. (Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2003. Pp. xiv, 416. $20.00

Journal Article Jens Rydström. Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880–1950. (Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2003. Pp. xiv, 416. $20.00 Get access Rydström Jens. Sinners and Citizens: Bestiality and Homosexuality in Sweden, 1880–1950. (Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2003. Pp. xiv, 416. $20.00. Már Jónsson Már Jónsson University of Iceland, Reykjavík Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 109, Issue 5, December 2004, Pages 1659, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/109.5.1659 Published: 01 December 2004

Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland: 1400–1600. By Helmut Puff. The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2003. x + 311 pp. $24.00 paper.

Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland: 1400–1600. By Helmut Puff. The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2003. x + 311 pp. $24.00 paper. - Volume 73 Issue 4

The Making of National Money: Territorial Currencies in Historical Perspective

The Making of National Money: Territorial Currencies in Historical Perspective Eric Helleiner (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2003)The Internationalization of Palace Wars: Lawyers, Economists, and the Contest to Transform Latin American States Yves Dezalay and Bryant G. Garth (The Chicago Series in Law and Society) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002)

&lt;sc&gt;Mathew Kuefler&lt;/sc&gt;. &lt;italic&gt;The Manly Eunuch: Masculinity, Gender Ambiguity, and Christian Ideology in Late Antiquity&lt;/italic&gt;. (The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2001. Pp. x, 437. $45.00

Mathew Kuefler. The Manly Eunuch: Masculinity, Gender Ambiguity, and Christian Ideology in Late Antiquity. (The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2001. Pp. x, 437. $45.00 Get access Kuefler Mathew. The Manly Eunuch: Masculinity, Gender Ambiguity, and Christian Ideology in Late Antiquity. (The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2001. Pp. x, 437. $45.00. Catharine Edwards Catharine Edwards Birkbeck College, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 108, Issue 4, October 2003, Page 1200, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/108.4.1200 Published: 01 October 2003

Clinical-cytogenetic associations in 306 patients with therapy-related myelodysplasia and myeloid leukemia: the University of Chicago series

AbstractTherapy-related myelodysplasia and myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/t-AML) is a distinctive clinical syndrome occurring after exposure to chemotherapy (CT) or radiotherapy (RT). We report findings on 306 consecutive patients referred to our institution with morphologic review and cytogenetic analyses. Since 1972, 141 males and 165 females with a median age of 51 years (range, 3-83 years) at primary diagnosis and 58 years (range, 6-86 years) at secondary diagnosis were analyzed. Patients had been administered various cytotoxic agents, including alkylating agents (240 patients, 78%) and topoisomerase 2 inhibitors (115 patients, 39%). One hundred twenty-one (40%) had undergone CT alone, 43 (14%) had undergone RT alone, and 139 (45%) had undergone both modalities. At diagnosis of t-MDS/t-AML, 282 (92%) had clonal abnormalities involving chromosome 5 (n = 63), chromosome 7 (n = 85), chromosomes 5 and 7 (n = 66), recurring balanced rearrangements (n = 31), other clonal abnormalities (n = 39), or normal karyotype (n = 24). Abnormalities of chromosome 5, 7, or both accounted for 76% of all cases with an abnormal karyotype. Seventeen patients acquired t-MDS/t-AML after autologous stem cell transplantation, but no unique pattern of cytogenetic abnormalities was observed. Shorter latency was observed for patients with balanced rearrangements (median, 28 vs 67 months; P < .0001). Patients with acute leukemia were more likely to have balanced rearrangement than those with myelodysplasia (28% vs 4%; P < .0001). Median survival time after diagnosis of t-MDS/t-AML was 8 months; survival at 5 years was less than 10%. These data confirm and extend previous associations between clinical, morphologic, and cytogenetic findings in t-MDS/t-AML. (Blood. 2003;102:43-52)

The Manly Eunuch: Masculinity, Gender Ambiguity, and Christian Ideology in Late Antiquity. By Kuefler Mathew. The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. x + 437 pp. $45.00 cloth.

The Manly Eunuch: Masculinity, Gender Ambiguity, and Christian Ideology in Late Antiquity. By Kuefler Mathew. The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. x + 437 pp. $45.00 cloth.

Stepchildren of Nature: Krafft‐Ebing, Psychiatry, and the Making of Sexual Identity. By Harry Oosterhuis. The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society. Edited by, John C. Fout. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. Pp. x+321. $35.00.

<i>Stepchildren of Nature: Krafft‐Ebing, Psychiatry, and the Making of Sexual Identity</i>. By Harry Oosterhuis. The Chicago Series on Sexuality, History, and Society. Edited by, John C. Fout. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. Pp. x+321. $35.00.