Chi-square Test Research Articles

A 5-years cross-sectional study of risk-factors feto-maternal outcomes in placenta accreta spectrum at single tertiary care centre in South India

: PAS is an abnormal placental trophoblastic invasion into the myometrium, serosa and surrounding structures causing severe maternal morbidity and mortality due to massive obstetric hemorrhage (MOH). The incidence of PAS is on the rise due to increasing rate of Cesarean Section (CS) worldwide. : This study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and to compare the feto-maternal outcomes in elective and emergency delivery in PAS.This is a 5 years single centre cross-sectional study from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2022. All diagnosed cases of PAS beyond 28 weeks of gestation were included. A total of 38 cases of PAS were studied. Chi-square test and T-test were used to compare the categorical variables with p value 0f <0.05 as statistically significant.The incidence of PAS was 1.85/1000 deliveries. Advanced maternal age, previous CS, placenta previa in current pregnancy were major risk factors. MOH was the commonest complication. The blood loss, increased operative time and need for blood transfusions was mainly dependent on the placental location. Prematurity and low birth weight were the most important perinatal outcomes. Adequate blood and blood products prior to surgery is important as even in expert hands blood loss can be massive. Early referral and specialized regional team to manage PAS at tertiary care are needed. Future studies should emphasize on easy and early detection of PAS.

Contact lens adoption and associated knowledge among the general population of South Gujarat, India

: Contact lenses have emerged as a popular alternative to spectacles, offering users enhanced vision correction, cosmetic appeal, and improved quality of life. However, awareness of contact lens care, hygiene, and complications remains a concern, particularly in regions with limited access to proper education on lens use. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, awareness, and practices related to contact lens use among the general population of South Gujarat, India.: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured online questionnaire administered to 1,500 participants. The questionnaire covered demographics, awareness of contact lens types, usage patterns, hygiene practices, and knowledge of potential complications. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, with chi-square tests used to determine statistical significance.: The study revealed that 60% of participants had some awareness of contact lenses, but only 30% demonstrated "extreme" awareness. Most participants used contact lenses for vision correction (65%), followed by cosmetics (30%). Adherence to recommended hygiene practices was variable, with only 56% consistently using contact lens solutions. Furthermore, 21% of users experienced discomfort while wearing lenses, and the dropout rate within the first six months was 28%.: There are significant gaps in knowledge and adherence to contact lens care, especially among younger users. Educational interventions focusing on hygiene practices, replacement schedules, and proper lens care are crucial to reducing complications and improving user experience.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the General Population toward Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Context: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children is characterized by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to disrupted breathing and altered sleep patterns. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial for preventing severe health complications. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to pediatric OSA among residents of the Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia, and explore associations with sociodemographic factors to improve the health outcomes and quality of life of the affected children. Settings and Design: The study design was an observational cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods: From the general public in the Al-Baha region, 413 participants were recruited through an online self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected between May 4 and June 5, 2024. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics, frequency distributions, and Chi-square test. Results: The majority of participants were predominantly female (66.3%) and aged 18–30 years (61%). Most participants were single and held a bachelor’s degree. An adequate level of knowledge about OSA was demonstrated by 64% of the participants, 78% exhibited a positive attitude, and 62% showed an adequate practice level. Young adults and females had the highest levels of knowledge and positive attitudes, with females also displaying better practice habits than males. Participants with 1–3 children demonstrated better practice levels than those with more children. Conclusion: Adequate awareness of pediatric OSA was demonstrated in the Al-Baha region, particularly among young adults and females. Positive attitudes and effective practices are influenced by education and profession. While current awareness efforts are effective, targeted interventions can further improve knowledge and practice.

Exploring the mental health of young people in households and schools in Gorongosa District, Center of Mozambique

AbstractThe mental health needs of young people in sub-Saharan African societies remain understudied. This study builds upon the everyday perspectives of young people in Gorongosa, a rural district in central Mozambique, to determine the frequency and severity of key mental health issues, identify significant risk and protective factors, and their associations with demographic factors and mental health predictors. This cross-sectional study gathered culturally and ecologically relevant variables, such as sociodemographic indicators and risk and protective factors. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ) and Nocturnal Intrusions after Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire (NITE) were used to determine the prevalence and severity of key mental health issues. A convenience sampling was used involving n = 794 young people of those (45.8%) were females and the mean age of all participants was 17.24 years (SD 2.9). To examine the results, univariate analysis, chi-square tests, binary logistic regression analyses and odds ratio were used. Risk factors were pervasive in households, communities, and schools. Mental health problems were commonly linked to severe depression (14.2%), anxiety-related disorders (39.3%), sleep disturbances (37.3%), and anxiety dreams (27.5%). Gender, age, and protective factors were associated with the frequency and severity of mental health outcomes, while living with both parents protected against the severity of anxiety-related disorders. Understanding the contextual mental health needs of young people in rural Mozambique is crucial for developing insights to craft and implement targeted public mental health interventions in resource-limited settings. Addressing mental health issues among young people necessitates a concentrated effort on understanding and managing the interplay of risks and protective factors within families, communities, and schools.

“Behavioural and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among post-menopausal women: A cross-sectional study in Itahari sub-metropolitan city of Nepal”

Background and objectives Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are main cause of mortality and morbidity among women globally. Menopause, aging and different factors in collaboration leads to increased risk for CVDs among postmenopausal women but study on risk factors of CVDs among postmenopausal women is limited in Nepal. Therefore, we aimed to assess prevalence of behavioural and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease among post-menopausal women. Materials & methods Community based cross-sectional study was carried among 390 post-menopausal women of the Itahari sub-metropolitan city. Multistage simple random sampling technique was used to collect data. Modified semi structured questionnaire STEP I, STEP II and STEP III was used as data collection tool. SPSS version 11.5 used for data analysis. Chi-square test and logistic regressions were performed at 95% confidence interval to find predictors of raised blood pressure and overweight/obesity. Results The mean age of respondents was 63.37 years. The prevalence of current smokers, current alcohol use, less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day, low level of physical activity, overweight/obesity and raised blood pressure was 9.2%, 18.2%, 86.4%, 52.3%, 56.2% and 44.4% respectively. On multivariate analysis strong predictors of overweight obesity were age ≤59 years (AOR: 3.21, CI 1.49–6.89), poor economic status (AOR: 1.764, CI: 1.120–2.779) and low physical activity (AOR: 2.132, CI: 1.350–3.370). Predictors of raised blood pressure were age ≥75 years (AOR: 2.04, CI: 1.01–4.11), unmarried and widow (AOR: 1.815, CI: 1.108–2.971), higher economic status (AOR: 1.752, CI: 1.119–2.740) and smoking (AOR: 4.109, CI: 1.737–9.718). Conclusion Prevalence of behavioural and metabolic risk factors among postmenopausal women in Itahari sub-metropolitan city were alarmingly high. This calls for an early need of intervention and policies at local, provincial and institutional level to address risk factors of CVDs.

Phenotype-Genotype Correlation in Morquio A Syndrome: Protocol for a Meta-Analysis

Background Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA), also known as Morquio A syndrome, is a rare lysosomal storage disease characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of mutations in the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) gene. This leads to a deficiency of the GALNS enzyme, causing the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in tissues. Morquio A syndrome primarily affects the skeletal system and joints but can also impact various organs, resulting in symptoms such as hearing and vision loss, respiratory issues, spinal cord compression, heart diseases, and hepatomegaly. The genotype-phenotype relationship is diverse, with studies highlighting variants associated with classic, nonclassic, or intermediate phenotypes. Understanding these genetic factors is crucial for predicting disease prognosis and tailoring effective treatment strategies for individuals with Morquio A syndrome. Objective The aim of this meta-analysis is to comprehend the relationship between the severity of the phenotype and the genotype of patients with MPS IVA, considering factors such as the type of variant and its location in the different domains of the protein. Methods This meta-analysis will include articles featuring participants of all genders and age groups who have a molecular diagnosis of MPS IVA and a description of the phenotype. Literature published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese will be considered. Exclusion criteria will encompass studies lacking full-text availability and those involving patients with an MPS IVA diagnosis but without phenotype information. The databases to be searched include PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The screening of literature, paper selection, and data extraction will involve 2 independent reviewers, who will conduct the process blindly. In the event of disagreements between the 2 reviewers at any stage, resolution will be sought through discussion or with the involvement of an additional reviewer. The final selection of manuscripts will be based on consensus. The results of the review will be presented using descriptive statistics, and the information will be organized in either diagrammatic or tabular formats, following the guidelines provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Genotype-phenotype relationships will be analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, using chi-square tests, Fisher exact tests, and regression analysis to interpret the data. Results A literature search conducted in January 2024 produced 760 results. The review is expected to be completed by the end of 2024. Conclusions This meta-analysis will gather and analyze information on the phenotype-genotype relationship in patients diagnosed with MPS IVA. The data collection and resulting analyses will make a substantial contribution to understanding the underlying mechanism of the disease, enabling the prediction of the syndrome’s progression and severity. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/56649

Positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia: analysis of determinants and severity of symptoms in Moroccan patients

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric condition distinguished by a variety of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral manifestations. It affects an individual’s cognition, emotions, and actions, resulting in challenges in discerning reality from illusion. The objective of the current study was to assess the determinants and severity of symptoms in Moroccan patients hospitalized in Ar-Razi Hospital, Rabat, Morocco using Positive and Negative Syndromes scales (PANSS). Methods One hundred sixty-one schizophrenic patients were admitted to Ar-Razi Hospital in Sale. The PANSS scale, in conjunction with a sociodemographic questionnaire, is utilized as the assessment tool for symptoms. A chi-square test at a 5% error level and a Pearson correlation test were applied to investigate possible associations. Results The findings demonstrate a significant bias towards males (9:1), with 90% being unmarried, and 96.3% originating from urban settings. The breakdown of patients based on symptoms reveals a prevalence of 14.3% for the positive scale, 18% for the negative scale, and 11.2% for the psychopathological scale. The correlation analysis demonstrates a strong relationship between the three scales. The factors that were found to have a notable impact are gender (p < 0.000), functional ability (p < 0.032), socioeconomic status (p < 0.008), living environment (p < 0.05), and use of tobacco and cannabis. Conclusion Confronted with this scenario, healthcare professionals are required to evaluate the key factors in the timely detection of schizophrenia and advocate for the consistent utilization of the PANSS scale in the management and monitoring of patients.

Abstract A024: Evaluating the effect of plasma-related preanalytical variables on the robustness of the liquid biopsy early CRC detection Signal-C assay

Abstract Liquid biopsies and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis have emerged as novel non-invasive diagnostic tools in oncology. Analysis of cfDNA methylation status has been proposed as promising approach for several diagnostic purposes, and robust methylation-detecting technologies are of primary importance for the clinical implementation of novel diagnostic assays. Signal-C is an accurate NGS-based methyl-sensitive assay detecting colorectal cancer (CRC) currently under clinical validation. In this study we assessed the influence of different preanalytical variables influencing plasma stability, as the storage time of plasma samples and the tube type used for blood collection, on Signal-C assay results to determine its robustness. 958 samples with 3ml to 4ml plasma were used for cfDNA extraction and run through Signal-C assay following UDX protocol. In brief, 8 to 20ng cfDNA were used as an input for methylation- specific library preparation, which was run according to manufacturer’s instructions. Hybrid- capture was performed to enrich libraries for genomic regions included in Signal-C assay and sequenced on Illumina Novaseq machines. Relevant sequencing QC metrics, such as depth filtered, read yield from raw to filtered and PCR duplicate proportion were calculated, together with cancer predictions according to Signal-C test. Pearson coefficient and Pearson's Chi- squared test with Yates' continuity correction have been used to assess correlations, and Wilcoxon test has been used to measure the significance of the differences between quality metrics with respect to the tube type. We have analyzed the influence of different plasma-related preanalytical variables on sequencing metrics and cancer predictions of Signal-C assay. Plasma age, calculated as the time elapsed between blood collection and cfDNA quantification, shows a small negative correlation with YIELD_RAW_FILTERED (R = - 0.08, p=0.013) and a small positive correlation with PCR_DUP_PROP (R = 0.098, p=0.0024), while it doesn't influence DEPTH_FILTERED values (p>0.05). Use of different blood collection tubes (EDTA or Streck tubes) influenced in a small but significative manner the YIELD_RAW_FILTERED and the PCR_DUP_PROP (p<0.001), while it doesn’t affect the DEPTH_FILTERED values (p>0.05). Despite the sequencing QC metrics being subject to small but statistically significant differences, the overall cancer classification performance of Signal-C assay was not affected by the changes in plasma age (Pearson's product-moment correlation, sensitivity p=0.87, specificity p=0.091) nor in tube type used (Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction, p=0.219). Here we evaluated the effect of plasma’s storage time and the type of blood collection tube on Signal-C assay performance. While signal processing features show small differences between the tested variables, this does not affect overall clinical performance of the test, supporting its robustness. Additional studies to analyze the effect of other preanalytical variables on Signal-C performance are underway to establish its robustness. Citation Format: Fernando Trincado Alonso, Pol Canal Noguer, Kristi Kruusmaa, Arianna Bertossi. Evaluating the effect of plasma-related preanalytical variables on the robustness of the liquid biopsy early CRC detection Signal-C assay [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr A024.

BS SO14 - Is there a correlation between preoperative HbA1c changes and long-term weight loss plus glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing metabolic surgery?

Abstract Background Optimization of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prior to metabolic surgery aims to achieve tight glycemic control by the time of surgery. Little is known about the influence of altering preoperative HbA1c on postoperative weight loss and glycemic control. The aim of this study was to determine whether a change in HbA1c during the preoperative period correlated with long term weight maintenance and HbA1c in patients undergoing metabolic surgery. The proportion of glucose-lowering medication used following surgery was also examined. Method Retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with T2DM who underwent metabolic surgery between 2013 – 2017. Preoperative HbA1c change was measured as change in glycemic control during the 1-year pre-surgery. Primary outcomes were % excess weight loss (EWL) and HbA1c at 5 years post-surgery. Secondary outcomes were % EWL and HbA1c at 1-year post-surgery and the use of glucose-lowering medications post-surgery. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to determine the relationship between the pre-surgery HbA1c change and postoperative % EWL and HbA1c. Chi-squared test was used to calculate the statistical impact of change in medication use post-surgery Results Sixty-nine patients with complete data were included in the study. The mean change in HbA1c in the 1-year pre-surgery, the 1-year post-surgery and 5-years post-surgery was -0.9% (± 1.5), -0.7% (± 1.2) and 0% (± 1.8), respectively. The change in HbA1c in the 1-year pre-surgery did not correlate with % EWL at 1-year and 5-years post-surgery or with HbA1c at 1-year and 5-years post-surgery. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of patients requiring glucose-lowering medications at 1-year and 5 years post-surgery (p<0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated a significant reduction in the proportion of glucose-lowering medication required long-term following metabolic surgery. Altering pre-operative glycemic control was not associated with long term weight maintenance or glycemic control.

OGC SO25 - Tumour Regression Grade (TRG) and Completeness of Resection in patients under esophagectomy for oesophageal Cancer

Abstract Background Oesophageal cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma, is challenging due to its aggressive nature and delayed presentation. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy aims to downstage the tumour thus aids in surgery and improves patient outcomes. Complete resection with tumour free resection margins is crucial for cure and survival. Understanding the relationship between tumour regression grade (TRG) and completeness of resection helps improve outcomes in patients with oesophageal cancer. Method This retrospective study was conducted over a period of 4 years (2019-2023). It included all patients over 18 years of age who underwent oesophagectomy for either squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or adenocarcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumour Regression Grade (TRG) was defined by the histological report while R1 resection was defined as any margin less than 1 mm. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the incidence of complete and incomplete resections across the various TRG groups. Results Study included 214 patients (178 males, 36 females) with a median age of 67 (31-82) years. Of the 214 patients, 201 (93.9%) had adenocarcinoma and 13 (6.1%) had SCC. Complete resection was achieved in 136 patients (63.6%), while 78 (36.4 %) had incomplete resections. TRG distribution in the complete resection group was-TRG 1 (97.6 %), TRG 2 (76.5 %), TRG 3 (67.2 %), TRG 4 (56.1 %), and TRG 5 (31.9 %). The Chi-Square test indicated significant associations between TRG and resection completeness (Chi-Square = 44.229, p < .001; Likelihood Ratio = 51.804, p < .001; Fisher's Exact Test p < .001). Conclusion The study demonstrates a significant correlation between higher TRG scores and incomplete resections in esophagectomy patients’ post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We conclude TRG is an important prognostic indicator for surgical outcomes in oesophageal cancer.

Prevalence of active trachoma and its associated factors among children aged 1–9 years in previous leprosarium and non-leprosarium areas in eastern Ethiopia: a community-based comparative study

BackgroundTrachoma is a neglected tropical disease that mainly affects impoverished and marginalized communities with inadequate shelter and sanitation. Nevertheless, the prevalence of active trachoma and the specific factors contributing to it among communities residing in former leprosy settlements in eastern Ethiopia are not well explored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of active trachoma and its associated factors among children aged 1-9 years in the previous leprosarium and non-leprosarium areas, as well as urban and rural areas in eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 580 systematically selected households from January 1 to 30, 2024. Data were collected by interviewing the children’s caregivers, observing the child and environment, and conducting a clinical examination of their eyes. Data were entered in EpiData version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 26 software for analysis. A chi-square test was also done. The association was presented as an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval, and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant.ResultsThe overall prevalence of active trachoma was 12.9% (95% CI: 10.5%-15.3%). The prevalence of active trachoma was 15.6%, 9.8%, 18.3%, and 7.5% among children in previous leprosy and non-leprosy settlements and rural and urban areas, respectively (x²=5.65, p-value = 0.017). Having eye discharge (AOR = 10.7’; 95% CI: 4.32, 26.51), latrine distance from home of less than 10 m(AOR=3.12; 95% CI: 1.16–8.34), being a rural resident (AOR=4.1; 95% CI: 1.69-10.18), presence of solid waste around their home (AOR=6.5; 95% CI: 2.14-19.72), and household monthly income less than 5000 Ethiopian birrs (AOR=2.9; 95%CI: 1.04-8.30) were statistically associated with active trachoma in the previous leprosy settlements. In the non-leprosy settlements, children who had eye discharge (AOR = 7.6; 95% CI: 5.37, 58.05), latrine distance from home of less than 10 m (AOR=3.12; 95%CI: 1.11, 8.77), habit of playing with soil (AOR=9.0; 95% CI: 2.92, 28.24), and presence of animal dung (AOR=6.98; 95% CI: 3.44, 48.47) were statistically associated with active trachoma.ConclusionIn this study, the prevalence of active trachoma among children aged from 1-9 years old was higher than the WHO target for the elimination of active trachoma (<5%) in every district. Therefore, targeted treatments and raising awareness on proper hygiene and sanitation are required to alleviate the problem.

Factors Influencing Hotel Revenue Management in Times of Crisis: Towards Financial Sustainability

(1) Background: Facing the challenges of a post-pandemic period and the Ukraine War and recognising the gap in scientific research on the application of revenue management (RM) in the Portuguese hotel industry, the main objective of this study is to identify the most effective and least appropriate RM practices for use in periods of low demand and crises, reflecting the financial sustainability perspective. The theoretical framework of this study focuses on the main RM practices, grouping them into price and non-price strategies. (2) Methods: A quantitative methodology was employed, collecting information from Portuguese hotels through an online questionnaire, and statistical analysis using Mann–Whitney and Chi-square tests was conducted. (3) Results: Hotels offered discounts during the pandemic, but room rates were reduced during the recovery period. These findings also revealed that commonly used techniques were the best available rate (BAR) and rate fences, particularly during the pandemic. Quality, brand image, strategic partnerships, and marketing actions are recognised as essential. However, loyalty programs, length of stay (LOS) control, rate parity, and bundled services are not commonly implemented despite their importance during periods of low demand. Larger hotels, five-star hotels, and members of international chains applied more RM practices than smaller four-star independent hotels. (4) Originality: This study provides original and valuable insights into increasing hotel revenues and occupancy rates during future periods of low demand, which benefit financial sustainability.

Frequency of physical activity during leisure time and variables related to pain and pain medication use in Spanish adults: A cross-sectional study

Background Physical inactivity has been identified as a risk factor for pain. Objective The main objective was to analyze the relationships between leisure time physical activity frequency (PAF) and pain prevalence, pain level, pain impairment, daily life pain impairment, and analgesic use in Spanish adults. In addition, risk factors such as sex, body mass index, marital status and social class were assessed for these pain variables in addition to PAF. Method Cross-sectional study based on data from the 2014 and 2020 European Health Surveys in Spain residents. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship of dependence between the variables of interest. A correlation study calculating Spearman’s rho and a multiple logistic regression were performed to assess risk factors for pain variables. Results 20,113 and 19,196 subjects with a median age of 49 and 52 years old in 2014 and 2020 European Health Surveys, respectively, were analyzed. Dependence relationships were found between PAF and pain variables (p<0.001). The prevalence of: pain, high levels of pain, pain impairment, high level of pain impairment and use analgesic were higher in the inactive population than in the rest of the PAF levels (36.7–53%) vs (18.6–44.3%), p<0.05. Weak correlations were found between PAF and pain variables (-0.177 ≤ Rho ≤ -0.107) (p<0.001). Logistics regression show that being active or very active reduces the odds of pain, the intensity of pain and being affected in daily activities due to pain by 0.524 to 0.776 times. Likewise, being active or very active reduces the odds of taking pain medication by 0.661 to 0.755 times. Also age, low social class, being a woman, and being obese increase of odds of pain, pain affectation and use of analgesics in both surveys by 1.008 to 2.202 times. Conclusions Physical inactivity was related to a higher prevalence of: pain, higher levels of pain, higher pain involvement and higher analgesic use. In addition, lower social class, being female, older age, and obesity were factors for higher odds of pain, pain involvement, and analgesic use in both surveys.

A case-control study on oral health knowledge and dental behavior among individuals with developmental delays in Jordan: caregiver perspective

Aimthe aim of this study is to assess oral health knowledge and dental behavior among individuals with developmental delays intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in comparison with individuals without (IDD) in Jordan.MethodsA case–control study was conducted among 317 caregivers of individuals with IDD (n = 168) and control (n = 149) groups, which involved the completion of the questionnaire. A closed-ended, validated self-designed questionnaire was distributed. The questionnaire included questions addressing participants’ oral health knowledge and behavior. Convenience sampling was used to select the caregivers from centers associated with IDD by collecting data from nearby locations. Using SPSS® software Version 22 with a 0.05 level of significance data were analyzed. A Chi-square test and contingency-table analysis were performed on the data.ResultsCaregivers for individuals with IDD in Jordan were less knowledgeable about different oral health aspects than control group (P value < 0.05). Fewer individuals in the IDD caregiver group brushed their teeth once or twice daily (83.2%), compared to the control group (93.3%). Only 22.6% of the IDD participants could brush their teeth without assistance. On the other hand, the IDD group consumed significantly less sugary foods and soda than the control group (P value < 0.05).ConclusionThe lack of knowledge among IDD caregivers in Jordan is critical which can result in poor oral health outcomes for this vulnerable population. Increasing the knowledge level for the IDD caregivers on the specific needs for IDD individuals is highly important to enhance their understanding of oral health and improve their quality of life. Caregivers with IDD should receive training programs given by oral health professionals about the need for regular dental check-up and effective oral hygiene care reduce the risk of having dental problems and oral disease.

OGC SO13 - Recurrence Patterns after Minimally Invasive vs. Left Thoracoabdominal Oesophagectomy for distal oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinomas

Abstract Background Oesophageal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with oesophagec-tomy being the primary treatment for curable disease. This study compares loco-regional and distal disease recurrence patterns between minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO) and left thoracoabdominal oesophagectomy (LTAO) using a matched dataset. The definition of loco-regional recurrence remains unclear in the literature. In this study, loco-regional recur-rence is categorised as recurrence in the oesophageal bed, anastomosis, or local nodes in the mediastinum and upper abdomen. Method Patients from 2014 to 2021 were identified and followed until 31/12/2023. Data on MIOs and LTAO were collected from a prospectively maintained database. Gastroesophageal junction and distal oesophagus adenocarcinomas were included, and all received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Out of 302 eligible patients, 104 were successfully matched. The primary outcome was overall cancer recurrence. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square tests, and non-parametric contin-uous variables with Mann-Whitney U tests. Propensity score matching, accounted for baseline differences. Logistic regression generated propensity scores for age, gender, and tumour stage. Operative approach was the dependant variable. The groups were then selected using ‘nearest neighbour’ matching. Results The study compared 52 cases each of LTAO and MIO. Postoperative complications were similar, LTAO (58%) and MIO (52%) P=0.554. The R0 resection rate was higher in LTAO (90%) compared to MIO (81%) P=0.163. Recurrence was significantly higher in LTAO (42%) than MIO (23%) P=0.037. Local recurrence rates were 15% for LTAO and 8% for MIO P=0.22. Distant recurrence was 35% for LTAO and 21% for MIO P=0.111. Notably, peritoneal recurrence was significantly higher in LTAO (12%) P=0.012. There was no difference in median time to recurrence. Mortality rate was similar: 38% for LTAO and 35% for MIO P=0.684. Conclusion The study found that while postoperative complications and mortality rates were similar between LTAO and MIO, LTAO had a significantly higher overall recurrence rate and notably higher peritoneal recurrence. There was no significant difference in median time to recurrence between the two groups. These findings suggest that MIO may be associated with better long-term outcomes in terms of recurrence.

HPB SO04 - Assessing the risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis and procedure abandonment at a single centre in the UK

Abstract Background Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a common procedure with many uses. Due to limited expertise and resources, opportunities to perform this procedure should be made as productive as possible and the risks of procedure abandonment should be minimised. ERCP is also associated with a risk of pancreatitis and other significant sequelae. This study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with early procedure abandonment and post-ERCP pancreatitis. Method The notes from patients who underwent ERCP between June and November 2023 were retrospectively analysed. Data regarding procedure completion and post-ERCP pancreatitis were collected. The rates of procedure abandonment and post-ERCP pancreatitis among various groups were statistically analysed using N-1 Chi-squared tests. Results 176 patients were included in this study, of which 95 were female and 81 were male. 18 (10.2%) procedures were abandoned early and 11 (6.3%) patients suffered post-ERCP pancreatitis. 8 (7.8%) of the 103 patients aged over 70 had their procedure abandoned early and 1 (0.97%) suffered post-ERCP pancreatitis. 10 (13.7%) of the 73 patients aged below seventy had their procedure abandoned early and 8 (11.0%) suffered post-ERCP pancreatitis. N-1 Chi-squared analysis revealed that patients under 70 were more likely to suffer post-ERCP pancreatitis (P = 0.003) and females were more likely to suffer early procedure abandonment (P = 0.0330). Conclusion Younger patients were significantly more likely to suffer post-ERCP pancreatitis while female patients carried a greater risk of early procedure abandonment. Younger patients should therefore have clear safety netting over the risks of pancreatitis during the consent taking process and may benefit from more rigorous post-procedure monitoring. The reasons underpinning why female patients were more likely to have their procedure terminated early should be explored in greater detail so that measures minimising this risk may be implemented.

Prevalence and risk factors of knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional survey in Nanjing, China

BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) presents a significant public health challenge due to its hazards and increasingly severe trends. Addressing this challenge requires targeted investigation into the prevalence and identification of risk factors for KOA across different regions, especially in populous and vast China. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Nanjing, China, with the aim of investigating the prevalence and risk factors of KOA among individuals aged 50 and above.MethodA total of 1,045 subjects were selected using the stratified random sampling method and diagnosed with KOA based on the diagnostic criteria established by the Chinese Medical Association. Data on 14 potential risk factors were collected through a self-designed questionnaire and standardized on-site tests. The association between KOA and these risk factors was explored using t-tests, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of KOA among the subjects was 23.64%. Multiple logistic regression models indicated that the risk of KOA was significantly higher among women (OR: 5.34, 95% CI: 3.13–9.11), subjects aged 60–69 (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.25–2.69) and over 70 (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.80–4.59), individuals with high school education and above (OR:2.22, 95% CI: 1.37–3.60), those with flatfoot (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.10–2.74), and subjects classified as overweight (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.21–3.04) and obese (OR: 4.63, 95% CI: 2.18–9.85) based on their BMI status. Additionally, the models identified weight (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.08), 30-s chair stand performance (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91–0.97), and single-leg stand performance (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93–0.99) as independent risk factors for KOA.ConclusionThe prevalence of KOA is remarkable in Nanjing city. The risk factors for KOA include women, older age, higher education, flatfoot, increased weight and BMI, as well as poor performance in 30-s chair stand and single-leg stand tests.

Religious culture and cigarette use: University students’ attitudes towards smoking based on their Islamic value

The current examines the influence of Islamic values on smoking behaviors among undergraduate students at Yarmouk University in Irbid, Jordan (N: 334). Tobacco use, in religious and cultural terms, is viewed as abhorrent; it is a significant concern for this population group. The study intends to identify how Islamic values affect the perception of students on smoking and, consequently, their smoking behavior. A self-administered questionnaire assessed sociodemographic data and the past 30 days of cigarette use. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages, midpoint and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, such as chi-square tests, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical regression, were used to analyze smoking behaviors, Islamic values, and demographic attributes. The study shows that Islamic values have a strong negative attitude towards smoking; students attributed smoking to religion, family and social expectations and perceptions, health and economic implications. Further, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that cigarette use, hookah and e-cigarette, gender, and attitude towards Islamic values were suitable predictors for cigarette use. This study advances knowledge regarding smoking behaviors from the cultural-religious perspective. It highlights the importance of historically and culturally informed gender-sensitive prevention programs that address smoking-related beliefs, attitudes, and practices. Collaboration with the Ministry of Health and media outlets to integrate Islamic values into public health campaigns can reduce smoking among university students by aligning cultural and religious beliefs with health messaging.

The Prevalence and Pattern of Risky Sexual Behaviour among Secondary School Adolescents in Yenagoa Local Government Area, Nigeria

Aim: To determine the prevalence, pattern and socio-demographic factors associated with risky sexual behaviour (RSB) among adolescents in secondary schools in Yenagoa LGA, Bayelsa state. Study Design: A cross-sectional analytical study. Place and duration: Yenagoa Local Government Area in Bayelsa state. The study was conducted in March/April 2021. Methodology: The study utilized self-administered questionnaires among 750 secondary school adolescents selected via multistage sampling. The proportion of adolescents with RSB and the socio-demographic determinants of RSB were analysed using Chi-square test and binary logistic regression with significance level set at p-value=0.05. Results: Of the 739 responses analysed, the prevalence of RSB was 156 (21.1%) and the mean age at sexual debut was 13.42±2.62 years. All sexually exposed adolescents had an early sexual debut, 23.7% had multiple sexual partners, and 98.1% reported inconsistent use of condoms. Transactional sex and sexual intercourse after alcohol/illicit drug use occurred in 56.4% and 15.4% of them, respectively. The predictors of RSB were attending a public school (AOR:2.046, 95%CI:1.243 to 3.368), peer pressure (AOR:10.451, 95%CI:6.460 to 16.909), difficulty in communicating with mother (AOR:2.050, 95%CI:1.203 to 3.493) and low maternal education (primary:AOR:2.834, 95%CI:1.300 to 6.181; and secondary: AOR:2.067, 95%CI:1.139 to 3.753). However, age below 18years (10-13years: AOR:0.194, 95%CI:0.051 to 0.741 and 14-17years: AOR:0.259, 95% CI:0.081 to 0.832) was protective of RSB. Conclusion: RSB is high among adolescents attending secondary schools in Yenagoa. Sex education, peer-based programmes and parent-adolescent communications should be encouraged to reduce the prevalence of RSB among adolescents.

Determinants of persistent malaria transmission in the Arjo-Didessa farm area in Ethiopia

Background: In tropical and subtropical areas of the world, malaria is still a serious public health concern. Activities related to agricultural development that involve irrigation schemes likely increase the risk of malaria in tropical and sub-Saharan African regions. Ethiopia is a sub-Saharan country where malaria is endemic.Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the determinants related to the persistence of malaria transmission in the Arjo-Didessa sugarcane farm area in southwest Ethiopia.Method: The study employed a quantitative survey design. Quantitative data were collected from 397 households using structured questionnaires. SPSS Statistics version 26 was used to analyse the data. Z- and Chi-square tests were applied, and the data were analysed using logistic regression.Results: The determinants that were identified included variation in land use, water management practices, socioeconomic status and knowledge about the use of anti-malaria treatment. These were shown to contribute to increased malaria transmission and the rise in malaria cases in agricultural areas.Conclusion: The effectiveness of malaria control in agricultural settings can be improved through free access to malaria testing and treatment as well as knowledge about anti-malaria treatment among the residents in agricultural areas.Contribution: The study revealed key determinants, including the promotion of free access to anti-malaria treatment, which should be considered for the effective management of malaria in agricultural areas.