Chewing Research Articles

PSI-6 Effect of Calcium Magnesium Carbonate And/or Tylosin Phosphate Supplementation on Behavior and Rumination Activity in Yearling Beef Steers Fed a Finishing Diet

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CaMg(CO3)2 (MIN-AD, Papillon Agricultural Company, Easton, MD; MA) and or tylosin phosphate (Tylan, Elanco, Indianapolis, IN; TY) supplementation on 24-hour behavior and rumination activity of yearling beef steers fed a finishing diet. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used resulting in 4 dietary treatments: no MA and no TY (-MA/-TY), MA and no TY (MA/-TY), no MA and TY (-MA/TY), or MA and TY (MA/TY). Beef steers (n = 158; 469 ± 18.0 kg) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments with pen (n = 20 pens total, 10 pens/main effect mean, and 5 pens/simple effect mean) serving as the experimental unit. The MA was included at 1.5% of the diet (DM basis) in replacement of dry-rolled corn and TY was provided at 90 mg·animal-1·d-1. Observation began at 0800 h and ended at 0750 h the following day, resulting in a 24-hour observation period. Observations were recorded on a pen basis, with number of animals/type of activity recorded every 10 minutes on d 42 on feed (22 d on finisher). Activity categories included number of animals drinking (DR), eating (EA), active (standing; AC), ruminating (RU), and resting (RE) per pen. Chewing (CHE) was determined as the sum of eating and ruminating activity. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with the fixed effects of MA, TY, and their interaction; block (pen location) was considered a random effect. An interaction was noted between MA and TY for time spent drinking (P = 0.03) and ruminating (P = 0.01). Steers from -MA/TY spent more time drinking compared with the -MA/-TY and MA/TY steers; steers from MA/-TY were intermediate (P < 0.10). Steers from -MA/-TY ruminated 28% longer compared with MA/-TY steers (P = 0.05) and 20% longer than -MA/TY (P = 0.05), steers from MA/TY ruminated 16% longer than steers from MA/-TY (P = 0.05), while steers from -MA/TY were intermediate (P > 0.10). The main effect of MA tended to increase time spent eating by 19.3% (P = 0.06); however, no differences (P ≥ 0.28) were noted for the main effects of MA or TY for minutes/day spent chewing, resting, or active. These results indicate that supplementation of MA may alter feeding behavior, resulting in increased minutes/day spent eating. In addition, supplementation of TY and MA may result in increased water intake, and alter time spent ruminating per day.

Electromyographic Activity of Masseter Muscles After Complete Denture Rehabilitation in Edentulous Participants.

To evaluate the electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter muscles (MMs) after the provision of new complete dentures (CDs) and to assess the possible correlations between clinical behavior and the EMG findings. The sample included 78 edentulous participants (56 women, 22 men; mean age: 65.59 ± 10.47 years). Prior to provision of the new CDs, surface EMG activity of the masseter muscles was recorded during rest, maximum voluntary contraction, and mastication (MAST) using a wax artifact (WA). The tests were repeated using the new CDs, followed by the WA, at 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 10 months. At each assessment after placement of the CDs, the participants were questioned regarding five parameters (comfort, esthetics, retention, mastication, and speech). There was an initial decline in the EMG activity of the masseter muscles after the provision of new CDs during MAST, followed by a gradual increase in this activity over time (P > .05). There was a significant improvement in MAST reported by participants at 10 months (3.59 ± 1.141) compared to 7 days (2.50 ± 1.058) (P = .011). There was no significant correlation between the EMG findings and the clinical parameters (P > .05). Although there was no significant difference in EMG activity of the MMs over time, an improvement in MAST reported by the participants was observed.

Influência do estrógeno na modulação da dor na disfunção temporomandibular e sua prevalência no sexo feminino: revisão integrativa

A ATM (articulação temporomandibular da musculatura) é um conjunto de estruturas anatômicas com a participação de grupos musculares especiais, podendo fazer a mandíbula realizar diversos movimentos durante o processo de mastigação. As causas das doenças e dores são diversas, mas o estresse tem muito impacto nesse contexto. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a literatura a respeito da relação do estrógeno com as disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM) e sua augia, observando as variáveis do hormônio com a presença de dores em pacientes com DTM, principalmente em mulheres. O percurso metodológico realizado conta com uma revisão integrativa, que foi realizada por meio de uma busca de 402 artigos científicos na base de dados eletrônicos PubMed, LILACS, Mediline, Web of science e Scorpus utilizando os descritores: disfunção temporomandibular, hormônios e sexo feminino. Como resultados, obteve-se 10 artigos completos em inglês, do tipo relato de caso e estudos clínicos. O estrógeno tem influência na modulação da dor, bem como sua participação na síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP), impactando atividades de remodelação da matriz extracelular, podendo, assim, causar alterações degenerativas articulares, afetando o osso, cartilagem articular e gerando uma resposta inflamatória, que resulta em um desarranjo interno da ATM. Como conclusão, quanto a etiologia, 90% dos autores concordam quanto à influência do estrogênio nos quadros de DTM. Todos os autores convergem para o mesmo ponto, quando se refere que se fazem necessários mais estudos para comprovar tal relação.

Relato de caso de desordem temporomandibular articular refratária: a importância da abordagem multidisciplinar

A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) acontece quando há envolvimento da articulação temporomandibular (ATM), com músculos da mastigação e estruturas associadas. Essas desordens podem gerar desde limitação dos movimentos mandibulares, à dificuldade na mastigação, fala e deglutição. A viscossuplementação da ATM com ácido hialurônico (AH) é um método minimamente invasivo e uma alternativa terapêutica em casos de dor e limitação mandibular. O objetivo do trabalho é relatar a evolução de um caso clínico de DTM articular refratária ao tratamento conservador, o qual a queixa da paciente era dor bilateral na ATM durante função mandibular, zumbido e crepitação com dificuldade de abertura bucal. Foi realizado acompanhamento multidisciplinar, juntamente com terapia de viscossuplementação com ácido hialurônico (VAH) e terapia de motricidade oral baseado em fortalecimento mandibular. Foram realizadas avaliações após 7 dias, 30 dias e 60 dias, demonstrando melhora satisfatória em 2 meses. Em conclusão, a viscossuplementação associada à terapia baseada em exercícios podem ser consideradas medidas terapêuticas eficientes para o restabelecimento funcional da ATM e diminuição da dor. O tratamento multidisciplinar em casos refratários de DTM são de suma importância para o controle dos sinais e sintomas a longo prazo.

A 60-year-old female with pain on mastication for one month

abstract

Purpose: To demonstrate the speech-language pathology practice in patients pre and post orthognathic surgery.

The Speech-Language Pathologist is the health professional with full graduation on Speech-Language Pathology, who acts independently both in public and private services. The professional is responsible for health promotion, prevention, assessment and diagnose, guidance, therapy (habilitation and rehabilitation) and improvement of speech-language pathology features as peripheral and central hearing function, vestibular function, oral language and writing, voice, fluency, speech articulation and myofunctional orofacial system, cervical, and swallowing. Also, the professional practices teaching, research and managerial activities (2 Speech-Language Pathology Regional Council definition – CRFa2). Currently, the Federal Speech-Language Pathology Council (CFF) recognizes 12 specialties: Audiology, Language, Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders, Collective Health, Voice, Dysphagia, Educational Speech-Language Pathology, Gerontology, Neurofunctional Speech Therapy, Occupational Health Speech-Language Pathology, Neuropsychology, and Fluency. Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders: the Speech-Language Pathologist is the professional who habilitates / rehabilitates breathing, sucking, chewing, swallowing, facial expression and speech articulation which provides better life and communication conditions (CRFa2). In 1997, at Dentistry Faculty of Sao Paulo University – USP, I started as assistant Speech-Language Pathologist in research and clinic of patients from the Traumatology Orthognathic Surgery, Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction, and Face Trauma; since then working in rehabilitation of orthognathic patients. The Speech-Language Pathologist compose the multidisciplinary team, which is essential during pre-surgery orofacial myofunctional disorder assessment and to contribute to virtual surgery planning; and after, rehabilitating the function speeding up the recovery and results. The Speech-Language Pathologist works to organize the neuromotor programming after the bones bases relocation always aiming the function according to each patient features, to assess possible adaptations and inappropriate myofunctional compensations, awareness/ comprehension/ muscle memory and functional activation. Therapeutic resources that assist clinical practice: drainage of facial edema, cryotherapy, thermotherapy, laser therapy, electrical stimulation, surface electromyography (all resources part of the professional speech-language pathologist practice).

Apnea and Speech Therapy: Pharyngeal Stimulation Proposal

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) currently represents one of the biggest health problems for the individual, causing changes in breathing during sleep. It is accompanied by Snoring, described by a malfunctioning vibration of the oropharynx generating noise emissions. Among the causes of this pathology, there are alterations in the soft structures of the Stomatognathic System. Objective: To describe the specific myofunctional therapy work for the Pharynx Walls in a female patient, a 22-year-old patient, diagnosed with Apnea and to show its efficiency. Method: The object of study was a patient of the FMU clinic, 22 years old, diagnosed with severe Apnea by Polysomnography exam and with oromyofunctional alteration. Patient performed 30 continuous days of pharynx wall exercises. Results: After 30 days the patient showed a significant improvement in facial appearance, in the coloration of periorbital hyperpigmentation of the eyes, Mallampati II classification, greater balance of the muscles during chewing and absence of pain when swallowing. Conclusion: In this case, pharynx wall exercises are effective for improving muscle condition and should be included in the therapeutic plan for working with Apnea; however, they were not sufficient to resolve the change, due to the severe degree of the pathology.

Alleviating radiation-induced xerostomia with chewing gum: arandomized phaseIII trial

Alleviating radiation-induced xerostomia with chewing gum: arandomized phaseIII trial

Consumption and ingestive behaviour of lambs fed varying levels of babassu mesocarp bran

Voluntary consumption (VolC) and ingestive behaviour (IB) of lambs fed diets containing different percentages (0.0; 7.5; 15.0 and 22.5%) of babassu mesocarp bran (I-BMB) were evaluated. The trial was at the Federal University of Tocantins, Campus de Araguaína-TO. Twenty lambs were evaluated using a completely randomized design, and five replications were performed. VolC data was obtained by measuring total volumes of both food supplied and food remaining after feeding. IB was evaluated throughout two, non-consecutive 24-h periods, with observations were recorded every five minutes that described the following behavioural variables: resting (REST), rumination (RUM), intake (INT) and chewing (CHEW). The particle size was also measured using a Penn State particle separator. All VolC parameters (dry matter intake, DMI; crude protein intake, CPI; neutral detergent fibre intake, NDFI; and acid detergent fibre intake, ADFI) increased linearly with I-BMB intake. I-BMB consumption did not interfere with water intake, nor did it affect I-BMB did not affect the duration of DMI, NDFI and ADFI. However, linear increases of rumination and chewing activities associated with DMI, NDFI and ADFI were observed as I-BMB levels increased. In summary, effects of inclusion I-BMB in diets of lambs included increased voluntary consumption, and reduced rumination and chewing, but not ingestion, efficiency. When economically favorable, these data suggest that inclusion of up to 22.5% I-BMB within balanced diets should be applied.

Association between Masticatory Function and Sarcopenia in Elderly People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to explore the association between masticatory function (subjective and objective assessment) and sarcopenia in elderly people. Methods: Multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for all years up to October 1, 2019. Articles that evaluated occlusal force or chewing ability or difficulties in eating scores to explore the association between sarcopenia in elderly patients and healthy elderly peoples were included. A modified version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. The pooled standardized effect size with its corresponding 95% confidence interval for each parameter was calculated. Results: Of the 45 articles identified, three retrospective observational comparison studies, which had a lower risk of bias, were included: objective (occlusal force or chewing gum) and subjective (difficulties in eating scores) assessment were reported. Meta-analysis revealed that maximum occlusal force (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.36, confidence interval (CI) = 0.19-0.53, p ＜ 0.001)was significantly lower in subjects who were diagnosed with sarcopenia than in control groups. There were significant associations between sarcopenia and chewing ability using chewing gum (odds ratio (OR) = 2.34, CI = 1.09-5.02, p = 0.03) and difficulties in eating score (OR = 2.21, CI = 1.65-2.97, p ＜ 0.001). Conclusions: We found some limited evidence for an association between sarcopenia and masticatory function. Our meta-analysis supports an association between sarcopenia and subjective and objective masticatory function. More evidence is needed to demonstrate the association between masticatory function and sarcopenia in elderly people.

Assessment of oral health status of tribal students in Nashik district of Maharashtra state

Background: Oral health is a state of well being and is essential to an individual's general health and quality of life. “Tribal” are the indigenous native people living in isolation in natural and unpolluted surroundings with their traditional values, customs and beliefs. The tribal constitute a substantial indigenous minority of the population in India, comprising of 9.01% of the nation's total population. The data on the Oral health status of students residing in tribal Dindori Taluka of Nashik District of Maharashtra State is still unrevealed. Hence, the present study was undertaken with the objective to provide baseline data about oral health status of students from the school and colleges of tribal Talukas from Nashik District of Maharashtra State in India. Aim: To provide baseline data about oral health status of students from the school and colleges of tribal Talukas form Nasik District of Maharashtra State in India. Methodology: The survey was carried out mostly on Second and Fourth Saturday by visiting the schools and Colleges from March 2018 to August 2019. The data was collected by personal examination of each student by using oral diagnostic instruments such as mouth mirror and probe. After visual examination, record of systematic observation and oral hygiene status was noted in participant's observation note. Consent from the principal/headmaster of the concerned college/school was taken, and the survey was done with their prior permission. Results: Out of total 1530 participants, oral hygiene status of 1263 (82.54 %) students was found to be affected while only 267 (17.46%) were found to be healthy. Affected participants were characterised by symptoms of ulcers, sores or tender areas in the mouth, bleeding or swollen gums, pain or toothache, bad breathing, calculus, pain with chewing or biting cracked or broken teeth and loss of attachment. Affected participants were characterised by symptoms of ulcers, sores or tender areas in the mouth, bleeding or swollen gums, pain or toothache due to dental caries, bad breathing, calculus, stain, pain with chewing or biting, cracked or broken teeth, loss of attachment and dental caries and facets. Affected participants required dental treatment like restoration of cavities in deciduous and/or permanent teeth, root canal treatment of permanent teeth, pulpotomy or pulpectomy of deciduous teeth, scaling, extraction of non restorable teeth and extraction of over retained deciduous teeth. Conclusion: Tribal students of dindori taluka in nashik district of maharashtra state were characterized by the lack of awareness about oral health, periodontal disease, dental caries and lack of dental care, high treatment needs and limited access to oral health services. Hence it is recommended to focus on improving the oral health status and treatment needs of this tribal students.

Propriedades biomecânicas do poli-éter-éter-cetona (PEEK) e sua aplicação na clínica odontológica: uma revisão de literatura

OBJETIVO: revisar a literatura sobre o biomaterial poli-éter-éter-cetona (PEEK) enfatizando as propriedades mecânicas e aplicações na odontologia. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, Scielo e Bireme, utilizando os termos de busca: Materiais Dentários, Implantes Dentários, Prótese Dentária. Os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram estudos in sílico, in vitro, revisão sistemática da literatura que aborda as variáveis em estudo, idioma em inglês e português. RESULTADOS: PEEK vem ganhando destaque importante na odontologia, uma vez que possui uma relação de alta resistência a peso, propriedades elásticas similares ao osso humano, capacidade de absorver choque durante a mastigação, alta resistência ao desgaste, baixa taxa de corrosão zero e absorção de água. CONCLUSÃO: considerando as propriedades físicas e mecânicas do PEEK, esse material pode ser utilizado em prótese parcial removível e prótese parcial fixa. A literatura mostra em estudos in sílico e in vitro que o PEEK ainda possui características clinicas inferiores quando em comparação com implantes de titânio.

Bruxism in Mosul City Part 2

Bruxism is defined as the grinding or clenching of the teeth. Pathological bruxism can cause damage to dental surfaces, joint pain and many other dentally related tissues. it is assumed that 8-20% of the population suffer from bruxism. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism and their relation with age, gender, previous trauma, unilateral chewing, headache and ear problems. This research included 450 patients, two hundred seventy one females and one hundred seventy nine males, the age ranged between 13-65 years old, signs and symptoms of TMDs were recorded according to Helkimo index, grinding, clenching, history of previous trauma, unilateral chewing, and headache reported by the patients were recorded in a case sheet, ear problems complaints including (pain, ringing sound, buzzing sound and subjective hearing loss) were investigated and recorded. Statistical analysis was done by using Chi square and one way ANOVA tests. The result of this study reveal that the prevalence of grinding was 28.8% whereas the prevalence of clenching was 24.8%, female to male ratio was 1.5:1, the group of age between 21-30 years represent the most prevalent cluster age, they represent 60.4% from the study sample. A highly significant relationships p ≤ 0.001 among sleep, awake bruxsim and pervious trauma, unilateral chewing and headache were found in this study. There were highly significant relations between grinding, clenching and ear problems p ≤ 0.001.

Is Misophonia a Psychiatric Condition

Misophonia is a condition marked by “hatred of sound.” Typically, it is characterized by sensitivity to another person's chewing, snorting, or

Microbial biopesticides in agroecosystems

Microbial biopesticides include several microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, baculoviruses, and nematode-associated bacteria acting against invertebrate pests in agro-ecosystems. The biopesticide sector is experiencing a significant growth and many discoveries are being developed into new biopesticidal products that are fueling a growing global market offer. Following a few decades of successful use of the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and a few other microbial species, recent academic and industrial efforts have led to the discovery of new microbial species and strains, and of their specific toxins and virulence factors. Many of these have, therefore, been developed into commercial products. Bacterial entomopathogens include several Bacillaceae, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Burkholderia, Chromobacterium, Streptomyces, and Saccharopolyspora species, while fungi comprise different strains of Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium, Lecanicillium, Hirsutella, Paecilomyces, and Isaria species. Baculoviruses are species-specific and refer to niche products active against chewing insects, especially Lepidopteran caterpillars. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) mainly include species in the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema associated with mutualistic symbiotic bacteria belonging to the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus. An updated representation of the current knowledge on microbial biopesticides and of the availability of active substances that can be used in integrated pest management programs in agro-ecosystems is reported her.

Cancellous osteoma of temporomandibular joint

Osteoma is a rare growth of bone, benign in nature, usually occurring in the craniofacial region. It usually results from the long-term deposition of compact and cancellous bone. The etiology of the tumor is not clear but can be linked with infections, inflammatory processes trauma, or/and abnormalities in growth. It manifests with symptoms of painful/painless swelling, dull pain in the preauricular region, clicking/popping and difficulty in mastication, trismus, gradual midline shift developing malocclusion, mandibular deviation of the contralateral side, and facial asymmetry. The diagnosis is mostly made by clinical and radiological imaging and is affirmed by histopathological examination. These condylar tumors have been usually treated by either resection through local excision or condylectomy with or without reconstruction. Therefore, we describe a rare case report of osteoma arising from the mandibular condylar neck of a 26-year-old female patient giving a chief complaint of difficulty in opening the mouth in the last 15 days along with pain. Radiographic images and computed tomography were suggestive of osteochondroma involving right condyle which, on excision and histopathological examination, was found to be cancellous osteoma.

FIRST STUDY OF INHALED ASPIRIN VERSUS CHEWED ASPIRIN: PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECTS

Aspirin (ASA) inhalation may speed platelet inhibition versus chewing. The PK and PD of inhaled ASA [(I-ASA), Otitopic, Inc.], versus chewed and swallowed ASA (C-ASA) are unknown. The PD, PK, and safety of 50mg (n=6) and 100 mg I-ASA (n=5) and 162mg C-ASA (n=6) in healthy adults were determined.

Correlation between symptom groups and quality of life in patients with oral cancer after surgery

Objective To investigate the symptoms of patients with oral cancer during treatment, and explore the types of symptom groups and their correlation with quality of life. Methods Totally 201 patients with oral cancer after surgery were selected as the subject from a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital using convenient sampling and investigated with the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for Head and Neck cancer (MDASI-HN) and University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL) , and explore the relationship between them. Results Totally 189 patients completed the questionnaire. Patients with oral cancer showed many symptoms during the progression and treatment of the disease. Serious symptoms included swallowing, chewing and speaking. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three symptom groups, namely, oral and throat symptom group, drowsiness-digestive tract symptom group, and fatigue-respiratory symptom group. The scores of different dimensions and the total scores of quality of life were negatively correlated with the total scores of the three symptom groups (P<0.05) . Conclusions There are multiple symptom groups in patients with oral cancer during postoperative rehabilitation, which seriously affect their quality of life. Medical workers should grasp this characteristic, evaluate symptoms in time, actively manage symptom groups, and improve the quality of life of patients. Key words: Oral neoplasms; Quality of life; Symptom group; Symptom management

Two-body Wear and Hardness of New Generation Artificial Resin Teeth.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate two-body wear and hardness of new generation artificial resin teeth. Ten specimens of four different artificial resin teeth (nanofill composite, nanohybrid composite, microfiller reinforced acrylic and highly modified acrylic) were prepared. Specimens were thermodynamically loaded in a dual-axis chewing simulator (50N, 240,000 cycles, 1.6 Hz, 5/55°C thermocycle). The wear loss was analyzed by using plaster replicas and 3D laser scanner. Vickers hardness was determined before and after thermodynamic loading. Mean Vickers hardness values of highly modified acrylic resin teeth were statistically significantly lower than nanohybrid composite (p⟨0.001), nanofilled composite (p⟨0.001) and microfiller reinforced acrylic resin teeth (p⟨0.001). Mean wear loss of highly modified and microfiller reinforced acrylic resin teeth were statistically significantly lower than nanohybrid composite (p⟨0.001) and nanofilled composite (p⟨0.001) resin teeth. There was a statistically significant difference in wear among the materials. The correlation between hardness and wear was not statistically significant.

Application of free anterolateral thigh tissue flap in repairation of tissue defects in total or near-total glossectomy

Objective To evaluate the functional outcomes of the flaps repaired with free anterolateral thigh tissue flap in patients who had total or near-total glossectomy. Methods From March, 2015 to May, 2018, 15 patients with tongue cancer were treated by total or near total tongue resection. The free anterolateral thigh tissue flaps were used to repair the defects of tongues after radical tumor resection. The size of 15 flaps were 6 cm×10 cm to 8 cm×15 cm. Patient data were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were requested to conduct the postoperative reviews. Results All 15 flaps survived, while 1 occurred vascular crisis which was survived after the exploration and corresponding treatment. As the results of 12 to 48 (average 30) months followed-up by clinic visits, the mouth and chewing function recovered well after 6 months, while the swallowing and pronouncing function were poor. The motion of thigh donor area was good, without numbness, pain and discomfort. Conclusion The defect being left after total or near-total tongue resection is repaired and reconstructed with anterior lateral cutaneous tissue flap, which is able to partially restore the functions and shape of the tongue. Key words: Tongue cancer; Anteriolateral thigh tissue flap; Reconstruction; Microsurgical technique