Chest Excursion Research Articles

Right Lung Agenesis Associated with Dextrocardia in Adulthood

Introduction: Pulmonary agenesis is a rare lung disease, occurring in approximately 1 out of every 100,000 births. Most cases of pulmonary agenesis result in death during the neonatal period. Although survival in cases of pulmonary agenesis is rare, it is possible to encounter lung agenesis in adults. Case: A 26-year-old female patient presented with progressive dyspnea. On physical examination, retraction of the breathing muscles, reduced chest excursions, and decreased breath sounds on the right side were observed. A chest X-ray raised suspicion of pulmonary agenesis. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed hypoplasia of the right lung, accompanied by mediastinal shift, hyperinflation of the left lung, and retraction of the diaphragm and liver to the right. Spirometry showed moderate obstruction. Conclusion: Pulmonary agenesis in adult patients is extremely rare. Chest X-rays and CT scans are the main diagnostic modalities for pulmonary agenesis. There is no specific treatment for asymptomatic cases. Management focuses on conservative and symptomatic care.

Analysis of anthropometric indicators of visually impaired children in relation to their healthy peers and according to subgroups of a special medical group

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of physical development indicators as one of the criteria for the health status of children with visual deprivation, based on the special medical subgroup, in comparison with their relatively healthy peers. Material & Methods. Guided by ethical principles and based on informed consent, a study was conducted involving 27 children aged 10. Among them, 13 children had visual deprivation, specifically 8 children were assigned to subgroup A, and 5 to subgroup B. Additionally, 14 relatively healthy children participated in the study. The assessment of physical development was carried out through anthropometric measurements, including body weight, body length, chest circumference, and chest excursion, following standard methodology. Results. The corresponding statistical analysis revealed that the difference between the groups is statistically significant at the level of p<0.01 only for the indicators of chest circumference on inhalation and exhalation in centimeters, as well as for the chest circumference based on the sigma coefficient. For the rest of the indicators, the differences do not reach a sufficient level of statistical significance. These data indicate that 10-year-old children with visual deprivation significantly differed from their peers without visual deprivation in having a significantly larger chest circumference. Children from subgroup B are slightly taller, have a greater body mass, and exceed the chest circumference on inhalation and exhalation of children who, based on medical criteria, fall into subgroup A. However, all these differences, according to statistical criteria, are not pronounced enough to be considered significant for making decisions regarding the specific design of a program for correcting motor disorders during physical education sessions. Conclusions. The study confirmed data showing that children with visual deprivation exhibit higher body weight indicators compared to their peers without visual deprivation. This is attributed to a sedentary lifestyle resulting from visual analyzer dysfunction. Comparing the anthropometric indices of children with visual deprivation of subgroup A and subgroup B, insignificant differences were found. The only indicator that significantly distinguishes these groups of children is chest excursion, where most children in subgroup A have a difference of 4 cm between the circumference of the chest during inhalation and exhalation, and children in subgroup B have a difference of only 3 cm. The statistical significance of such differences was confirmed by the Mann-Whitney test at the level of p≤0.05.

HYDROTHERAPY-STIMULATED RESPIRATORY SYSTEM REHABILITATION FOR PEOPLE RECOVERING FROM COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has obvious effects on people’s health and mental state. COVID-19 is known to be a respiratory disease that is usually mild and starts gradually with such symptoms as fever, cough, sore throat, difficulty breathing. Therefore, after recovery from COVID-19, people should pay close attention to respiratory rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to improve respiratory rehabilitation process with hydrotherapy. The pilot study was carried out in view of the research aim from 17 January 2022 to 20 February 2022 at Salaspils swimming pool. 12 subjects (females) aged 19-62 recovering from COVID-19 took part in the pilot study and were observed up to one month after COVID-19. A course of breathing exercises in water was prepared. The course consisted of 10 practical lessons 45 minutes each. The analysis of the average result dynamics in the heart rate and oxygen saturation measurements during the experiment showed that the difference was statistically insignificant, α>0.05. The analysis of the breathing frequency dynamics during the experiment showed that the difference was statistically insignificant, α>0.05, but the difference in chest excursion was statistically significant, α<0.05. The analysis of the PEF dynamics during the experiment showed that the difference was statistically significant, α<0.05, which implied an increase in the subjects’ PEF after the research and that their respiratory system worked more efficiently. The effectiveness of the hydrotherapy-stimulated respiratory system rehabilitation course was positive in terms of PEF and chest excursion difference. This pilot study experimental group helped to determine the next steps of the study and specified if any adjustments in the methodology was required. 
 
 One of the steps is to improve the validity of the study for which the number of subjects should be increased (n=30).

THE INFLUENCE OF PRIMARY SWIMMING TRAINING ON PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND MOTOR ABILITIES OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

The effect of systematic swimming on the human body is well known. However, the effect of short-term lessons of primary swimming training for 3-3.5 months, determined by the program of children and youth swimming schools, as well as the wishes of many parents, on the body of preschool children remains questionable. In this regard, the study was tasked with shedding light on this problem. The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of short-term lessons in primary swimming training on the physical development and motor abilities of preschool children. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, sociological survey, somatometric, physiometric and somatoscopic, pedagogical testing, ascertaining experiment, statistical analysis. The control group consisted of boys and girls at the age of 5 and 6 (not engaged in swimming), 10 people in each age and gender group (40 people in total). The experimental group of “swimmers” consisted of children of the same age in the amount of 5 people of each age and gender group (20 people in total). 20 parents of children involved in swimming and 20 swimming coaches took part in the sociological study. Short-term primary swimming trainings did not have a significant impact on the studied indicators. However, some trends of advantage have been revealed in the increase in the indicators of Vital Capacity, chest excursion, breath retention on inhalation and exhalation, long jump from a standstill and static balance compared with children who do not swim. It should be noted that the training did not have a positive effect on posture and foot disorders. It follows that trainings should have a longer period so that the changes are more effective and not temporary. The positive impact of short-term lessons in primary swimming training on the health, physical development and motor abilities of children can be more significant and long-term if swimming lessons last for a longer period, if not life. The positive impact of short-term primary swimming training on the health, physical development and motor abilities of children may be more significant and long-term if swimming classes are for a longer period, if not throughout life.

Age-Related Study of Anthropometry Indicators, Body Composition, Strength and Vital Capacity at Masters Athletics: How to Postpone Sarcopenia.

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometric indicators of sports veterans, former athletes who stopped training, and non-sports people aged 40 years and older to assess the impact of regular sports on the stability of the body. 100 athletes and 31 people non-sports were included in the study. Athletes were divided into two groups depending on the mode of motor activity. The first group (n=75) continued their regular sports activities. The second group (n=25) stopped training. Height, weight, chest circumference, mobility, waist, shoulder circumference, forearm, hip, ankle, fat mass, and muscle mass were measured, and dynamometry was performed. Body weight is statistically significantly (p<0.05) less in those who continue sports (70.7±10.2) classes after 60 years compared with the control group (82.4±9.3). In sports veterans, the chest excursion and the shoulder circumference is statistically significantly (p<0.05) greater than in the control group. In the subjects of the first group aged from 40 to 49 (4551±612) and from 50 to 59 (4242±416), the FVC index was statistically significantly (p<0.05) higher than in the control group (3890±344 and 3786±401, respectively). The body composition of veterans is characterized by a high level of muscle mass and a low level of fat mass. At the age of 40-49, the percentage of muscle tissue in sports veterans was statistically significantly higher (46.32±2.74) (p<0.05) than in the group of athletes who stopped sports activities (44.09±5.29). Veterans of sports demonstrate higher indicators of limb girth and muscle strength compared to untrained people of the same age. In addition, sports veterans have a lower content of adipose tissue and a greater expression of muscle mass. Thus, the data obtained by us show that sports prevent the development of sarcopenia and can also affect cardiovascular risk.

НОВЫЙ ПРИБОР «СИСТЕМА ОЧИСТКИ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ YANG KUN YK-800» В КИНЕЗИТЕРАПИИ ДЕТЕЙ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ЛЕГКИХ

Cystic fibrosis (CF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) in children are both accompanied by copious amounts of infected sputum. Kinesitherapy (KT) eliminates mucostasis by providing bronchial drainage. KT methods are being constantly improved. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness and safety of the new vest airway clearance system (ACS) chest vibration therapy machine model YK800 by Zhengzhou Yangkun Medical Instrument Co., Ltd. (Zhengzhou, China) in children with CF and PCD. The ACS consists of a compressor and a vest and creates high-frequency oscillation of the chest promoting drainage of problematic parts of the respiratory tract, small- and medium-caliber bronchi. Materials and methods used: in a study based on the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health (Moscow, Russia) the KT included 5 sessions with the Yangkun YK800 in 15 patients aged 5 to 17 y/o: 8 with CF and 7 with PCD. Objective criteria: measurement of external respiratory function (ERF) and saturation, monitoring of chest excursion, and the 6-minute walk test. Subjective criteria: complaints, well-being, comfort. Results: objective criteria - improved ERF indicators in % (FVC p=0.004; r=0.829; FEV1 p=0.023; r=0.973; FEF25% p=0.018; r=0.840; FEF50% p=0.016; r=0.827; FEF75% p=0.015; r=0.867), especially high-speed indicators (FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%) that indicate the cleansing of mucus in the medium and small respiratory tracts; saturation improved (p=0.020; r=0.548); chest excursion increased (p=0.002; r=0.779). According to the 6-minute walk test, there was a significant increase in the distance traveled (p=0.000; r=0.535), 13 (86.6%) patients at the end of the course rated it as easier. Subjective criteria - 80% of patients noted sen-sations of productive coughing, easier expectoration of sputum: improvement in general condi-tion - 15, reduction in fatigue - 12, increased physical activity - 12, easier expectoration of phlegm - 13, reduction in episodes of paroxysmal cough - 13. Comfort in the use of the vest was rated at 4.4 points, noting mild vibration. Conclusion: the Yangkun YK800 vest airway clearance system as part of the KT has shown its effectiveness and safety in children with CF and PCD.

Physiotherapy Management of Vocal Cord Paralysis in a Nigerian Hospital: A Case Report

Background: Vocal cord paralysis is disabling and can lead to morbidities such as dysphagia, dysphonia and aspiration. It can also lead to loss of quality of lives and productivity in sufferers. An appropriate understanding of etiologies, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and management are essential in offering patients appropriate treatments. This article discussed a case report of the physiotherapy assessment and management of a patient with vocal cord paralysis. Case Presentation and Treatment Outcome: A case report of the assessment and management of a 38-year old male patient with vocal cord paralysis. Patient was referred from Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) department to the physiotherapy department after an emergency tracheostomy done 2 months prior to referral. He was given appropriate physiotherapy intervention after a thorough assessment. Voice Handicap Index Score (VHIS) was used to assess voice projection of the patient. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to assess the level of pain while tape measure was used to measure chest excursion. The CARE: CAse REport guideline for case reports was followed. All ethical procedures were followed as well. Treatment outcome revealed full AROM of the neck, increased chest excursion (from 2cm to 3.5cm), no hoarseness, no choking during deglutition and a Voice Handicap Index score of 25 after 10 treatment sessions. Pain level on Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was reduced from 8/10 to 2/10. Conclusion: Physiotherapy is effective in the management of vocal cord paralysis. Early referral to Physiotherapy is advised for good prognosis. Adequate teamwork and proper communication pathways should be encouraged in hospitals for good treatment outcome.

Preventing unrecognized esophageal intubation in the emergency department.

Tracheal intubation is a commonly performed procedure on critically ill patients in the emergency department. It is associated with many serious complications, one of the most dangerous being unrecognized esophageal intubation, which can result in anoxic brain injury, cardiac arrest, or death. It is the responsibility of the emergency physician to do everything possible to avoid this devastating complication. Preventing unrecognized esophageal intubation requires a two-pronged approach. First, the inadvertent placement of intended tracheal tubes into the esophagus must be reduced as much as is humanly possible. This can be achieved with the routine use of video laryngoscopes for emergency department intubations. Numerous studies have demonstrated that use of video laryngoscopes can significantly reduce the occurrence of esophageal intubation, presumablyby providing an improved view of the larynx. Second, if an esophageal intubation inadvertently occurs, it must be rapidly identified and appropriately addressed. The cornerstone of rapid identification is the use of continuous waveform capnography to detect exhaled carbon dioxide. Capnography has been shown to be the most accurate method to determine tube placement after intubation. Standard clinical examinations, for example, auscultation of breath sounds, visualization of chest excursion, and observation of condensation in the tube, have all been demonstrated in studies to be unreliable and thus should not be used to exclude esophageal intubation. Recently, the Project for Universal Management of Airways, an international collaborative of airway experts from anesthesiology, critical care and emergency medicine, published evidence-based guidelines to specifically address the issue of preventing unrecognized esophageal intubation. These guidelines, which have received endorsement from several prominent airway societies, including the Society for Airway Management, the Difficult Airway Society, and the European Airway Management Society, will be briefly discussed in this review.

Importance of Physiotherapy in Post Pneumonectomy Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report

Pulmonary mucormycosis is a rare but opportunistic fungal infection that complicates immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipients. Although antifungal medication is the remedial dependence in management of pulmonary mucormycosis, early surgical intervention provides advantage over medical treatment alone. However, major impairments and complications such as altered pulmonary and physical function induced by surgery are known to occur. We report the case of a 25-year-old male post renal transplantation on immunosuppression who developed invasive pulmonary mucormycosis in right middle and lower lobe. Liposomal Amphotericin B therapy provided insufficient infection control and lesion invaded the adjacent chest wall, ribs and intercostal muscles. After right pneumonectomy combined with anterior chest wall resection, the initial post-operative physiotherapy assessment was carried out. The patient was found to have productive cough, dyspnoea, chest pain, reduced chest expansion and excursion, limited range of motion of shoulder on affected side and limited activities of daily living. Six weeks of inpatient physiotherapy regime was given which included breathing exercises, thoracic mobility exercises, incentive spirometry, active range of motion exercises, positioning, bed mobility and early ambulation. Follow up assessment showed reduced pain intensity and improvement in oxygen saturation, dyspnoea, Timed up and go test (TUG) time, handgrip strength, activities of daily living and quality of life [Short form 36 (SF-36)]. Keywords: Pneumonectomy, Thoracic Surgery, Renal Transplant, Physiotherapy

Comparative features of the morphometric correlates of blood pressure response to physical load of qualified athletes in some sports

Purpose: the purpose of this study was to establish morphometric parameters that correlate with the reactivity and recovery of blood pressure in response to a standard physical load in athletes of various game sports.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods: to achieve the set goal, 101 qualified male athletes engaged in game sports were examined. All examined represented 3 game sports: 13 – water polo (average age 27.3±6.3 years), 59 – volleyball (average age 21.1±2.5 years), 29 – handball (average age 20.9±2.8 years). The morphometric study was carried out by traditional methods and included the determination of body length (BL, cm), body weight (BW, kg), chest circumference (CC, cm) with calculation of chest excursion (CE, cm), hand dynamometry, vital lung capacity (VLC, ml). Body mass index (BMI, kg×m–2), vital index (VI, ml×kg–1) and Erismann index (IE, c.u.) were calculated separately. The Martine test (20 squats in 30 seconds) was performed according to the traditional method.&#x0D; Results: changes in SBP in response to load were the significantly greater in handball players compared to water polo players (p=0.025) and compared to volleyball players (p=0.022). Changes in SBP during 3 minutes of recovery are not related to morphometric parameters and obey the general mechanisms of changes in hemodynamic support under the influence of physical load. Changes in DBP during 3 minutes of recovery are related to chest circumference (CC, cm) and proportionality of its development (IE, c.u.) in volleyball and water polo players, and with BW (kg) in handball players. Changes in PBP during 3 minutes of recovery in handball players are not differentiated, in volleyball players they are related to the proportionality of chest development (IE, c.u.), and in water polo players to the BW (kg), CC (cm), mobility and proportionality of chest development (CE, cm and IE, c.u.).&#x0D; Conclusions: the obtained results confirm that changes in DBP and PBP in response to physical load and during the recovery period after it are related to the morphometric parameters of the body, which can characterize the mechanisms of hemodynamic maintenance recovery and be useful in the selection and the organization of recovery measures in certain sports sport.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramuscular dexmedetomidine in dogs.

To determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine after IM administration in dogs. 6 healthy adult purpose-bred dogs (3 males, 3 females) with a mean ± SD body weight of 25.2 ± 1.8 kg. Each dog received 10 µg/kg dexmedetomidine, IM. Heart rate and respiratory rate were counted via cardiac auscultation and visual assessment of chest excursions. Sedation was assessed utilizing 2 sedation scoring systems. Plasma concentrations were determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations versus time data after IM dexmedetomidine were analyzed using noncompartmental analysis for extravascular administration. Over the first 2 hours following IM injection of dexmedetomidine, plasma concentrations fluctuated in each dog. The geometric mean (range) maximum plasma concentration was 109.2 (22.4 to 211.5) ng/mL occurring at 20.5 (5 to 75) minutes, and the mean half-life was 25.5 (11.5 to 41.5) minutes. Heart rate was significantly lower than baseline from 30 minutes to 2 hours postdexmedetomidine administration, and respiratory rate was significantly lower than baseline from 45 minutes to 1.75 hours. Dogs were significantly more sedated from 30 minutes to 1.5 hours postdexmedetomidine administration. Median time to onset of sedation was 7.5 minutes (range, 2 to 10 minutes), and median time to peak sedation was 30 minutes (range, 15 to 60 minutes). Variations in plasma concentrations occurred in all dogs for the 2 hours postinjection of dexmedetomidine at 10 µg/kg, IM. This was likely due to alterations in absorption due to dexmedetomidine-induced local vasoconstriction. Despite variable plasma concentrations, all dogs were sedated following IM dexmedetomidine administration.

Evaluation of the influence of learning conditions at a military university of the humanitarian type on the physical development of students

A comparative assessment of the physical development of students of two groups of 30 people (the first at the beginning of training, the second - after 2 years) was carried out at a military university. Anthropometric (body length and weight, chest circumference at rest, on inhalation and exhalation) and physimetric (hand strength, lung capacity (VC), heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic pressure (SBP, DBP)) parameters were assessed . Calculated body mass index, index of functional changes. Daily energy expenditure was 3117.7±34.0 kcal, the energy value of the diet was 3081.1±75.1 kcal/day. Body weight at the beginning of training was lower by 2.7 kg (p=0.001), chest excursion by 4.9 cm (p=0.001), VC by 90.0 ml (p=0.01), heart rate less by 4, 6 beats/min (p=0.02), SBP over 4.8 per mm Hg. (p=0.01). According to individual data, more than one third of the persons of group No. 1 had hand strength in the range of 40-49 kg, in the main share - in the range from 50 to 55 kg, in a tenth part - in the range of more than 56-60 kg. In group 2, the proportion of persons with minimal hand strength differed by almost two times, and with the maximum - by 2.3 times. In group No. 1, in 16.6% of overweight individuals, BMI fluctuated in the range of 25.5÷27.7 units; in group No. 2 in 13.3% in the range of 25.02÷25.8 units. Growth and dynamics of body weight, muscle strength indicated an increase in active body weight and a decrease in the fat component. Organized life, nutrition, daily routine and the involvement of students in sports sections contribute to the development of physical qualities, increasing the adaptive capabilities of the body (the proportion of people with satisfactory adaptation is 4 times higher, functional stress is 1.6 times lower).

Kineziterapija pagerina COVID-19 liga persirgusių asmenų kvėpavimo funkcijas, pusiausvyrą ir fizinį pajėgumą

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infection caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Although most patients with COVID-19 develop a mild form, approximately 14 per cent get a severe form of the disease, which requires hospitalisation and additional oxygen supply, and 5 per cent require to be treated in the intensive care unit. The patients who fell ill with COVID-19 and have disturbed biosocial functions are provided with rehabilitation services. Still, there is a lack of research that would reveal the effect of physiotherapy on respiratory system function, physical capacity, and balance. The study aims to evaluate the effect of physiotherapy on patients with COVID-19 disease. 15 participants (the mean age 56.00 ± 4.61 years) who had moderate COVID-19 disease and were hospitalised at least 30 days before the study participated in the research. All participants received physiotherapy for 4 weeks, 5 times a week, each session lasting 30 minutes. Participants were evaluated twice, before the study and after 4 weeks. The assessment methods included spirometry (forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory volume in the first second after maximal inspiration [FEV1]), the measurement of chest excursion, the assessment of balance on the Berg scale, and the assessment of physical capacity with a 6-minute walk test. After physiotherapy intervention, FVC (p&lt;0.05) and FEV1 (p&lt;0.05) increased, Berg test results improved (p&lt;0.05). It can be concluded that four-week physiotherapy, including breathing and balance exercises, can be used as an effective rehabilitation tool for individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 disease.

Monitoring of morphological and functional indicators of taekwondo athletes aged 14–15 years

Purpose: comparative analysis of the manifestation of morphological and functional indicators of taekwondo athletes aged 14–15 years. Material and Methods: The study involved 60 taekwondo athletes aged 14–15 years. Athletes’ qualification 1-2 category. At least 5 years of experience in Taekwondo WTF. The assessment of morphological and functional indicators of taekwondo athletes was carried out at the age of 14 and 15 years. Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific, methodological and special literature, information on the Internet; anthropometric methods; index method; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: The average body weight of taekwondo athletes aged 14-15 increased by 16,5%, and body length by 4,7%. The indicator of chest excursion increased by 4,8%, carpal dynamometry indicators of the left hand increased by 15,2%, the right hand - by 15,3%. 33,6% of 15-year-old athletes are underweight in terms of body mass index, 2,9% are overweight; 14 year olds: 21,56% underweight, 13,7% overweight. Athletes aged 14–15 have a normosthenic body type. According to the constitution of the physique, 7,84% of 14 year old athletes have a strong physique, 15,68% have a good physique, 5,88% have an average physique, 27,45% have a weak physique, 43,15% have a very weak one. 12,12% of 15-year-old taekwondo athletes have a strong physique, 24,24% have a good physique, 9,1% have an average physique, 24,24% have a weak body, and 30,3% have a very weak body. 13,7% of 14-year-old taekwondo athletes have good physical development, 3,9% - average, 76,4% - weak 15-year-old athletes: 17,6% - good physical development, 14,8% - average, 67,6% - weak. Conclusions: The study of morphological and functional indicators is one of the important criteria for the training of taekwondo athletes, the use of indices allows you to move on to relative indicators, that is, to standardize anthropometric indicators and supplement them. This will contribute to the rational selection of means and methods of training athletes, taking into account their personal characteristics. Our research can be used in monitoring the functional state of athletes involved in taekwondo WTF.

Effectiveness of Rehabilitation on Functional Changes of the Respiratory System in Persons with Severe and Critical Form of Covid-19 Disease

Background. It has been established that the disease of Covid-19 negatively affects the functions of the respiratory system of individuals. Since the disease appeared relatively recently, there are not many studies examining the functional state of the respiratory system of individuals after Covid-19 infection, but it is known that individuals who have suffered from a severe or critical form of the Covid-19 disease are diagnosed with many different complications. The aim. To assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation for functional changes in the respiratory system of persons suffering from a severe and critical form of the Covid-19 disease. Methods. 20 persons (11 men and nine women) aged 54.95±5.02 years who suffered from a severe or critical form of the Covid-19 disease participated in the study. Testing was done twice, before and after rehabilitation. During the study, the subjects’ respiratory system function was evaluated (Stange-Hench sample, respiratory rate, chest excursion, spirometry (VC, FEV, FEV1). Results. After rehabilitation, the parameters of the Stange and Hench functional tests, respiratory rate, chest excursion and Vital Capacity improved. Conclusion. It was established that after 20 days of rehabilitation, the respiratory system function of persons suffering from a severe or critical form of the Covid-19 disease improved. Keywords: Covid-19, Stange and Hench sample, respiratory rate, chest excursion, spirometry.

The comparison of the chest excursion indicators of the students of higher educational institutions

Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of the indicators of chest excursion in students during their studies in higher educational institutions of Bukovyna.&#x0D; Results. The research was conducted on 126 students of I - II courses of higher educational institutions of Chernivtsi, aged from 16 to 18 years, where 86 (68.25%) were boys and 40 (31.75%) were girls (the main group consisted of 86 (68.25%) students who, in addition to physical activity included in the program of their specialty, additionally engaged in the following sports: football - 42 (48.83%), volleyball - 19 (22.09%), basketball - 13 ( 15.11 %) and handball - 12 (13.96 %), the control group consisted of 40 (31.75 %) students who did not play sports. All students were subjected to an anthropometric study (chest circumference) according to the method of V.V. Bunaka modified by P.P. Shaparenka. The analysis of the breast excursion in the students of the main group showed a significantly higher number with a high level of breast excursion - 27 (31.40%), in contrast to the students of the control group, where there were only 5 (12.5%) with a high level of breast mobility. Conversely, a low level of excursion was noted among students of the main group - 6 (6.98%), while in the control group this indicator was - 8 (20%) of the subjects.&#x0D; Conclusions. Among the students of the main group, there is a much larger number with a high level of chest excursion - 27 (31.40%), in contrast to the students of the control group - 5 (12.5%). Among the subjects with a high level of chest excursion, the largest number was found in football and volleyball players, slightly less in basketball players, and the smallest in handball players. The index of chest excursion can be taken into account during sports selection and when directing an athlete to a specific type of sport.

Low-frequency magnetotherapy with a running magnetic field of the POLYMAG-02M apparatus in the rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an infectious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus with high morbidity and mortality, especially among the elderly and those with concomitant factors such as diabetes mellitus, chronic lung and heart disease. For patients who have undergone coronavirus pneumonia, given the severity of the disease, rehabilitation measures are needed to restore the consequences of the disease.&#x0D; AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of low-frequency magnetic therapy with a running magnetic field in the complex of rehabilitation treatment of patients who have undergone pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) at the stage of convalescence.&#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHODS: Examination and treatment of 42 patients (24 men and 18 women) aged 40 to 65 years, who had community-acquired pneumonia (J16.8) caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), were carried out. The first (main) group of patients included 22 people who underwent physical therapy, aeroinotherapy, low-frequency oscillatory massage of the chest in an electrostatic field, intravenous laser blood irradiation, high-frequency oscillation of the chest and carbon dioxide baths. Against this background, starting from the 20th day after discharge from the hospital, this group of patients received low-frequency, low-intensity magnetotherapy from the POLIMAG-02M apparatus. The second (control group) included 20 patients who received the same treatment, except for magnetotherapy from the POLIMAG-02M apparatus.&#x0D; RESULTS: The course of rehabilitation treatment led to an increase in the functional capabilities of the cardio-respiratory system in patients of both groups, an increase in chest excursions, an increase in the vital capacity of the lungs, the normalization of the act of breathing and ventilation of the lungs, and an improvement in the psychosomatic status of patients. In the main group, these changes are more pronounced than in the control group, which is associated with the inclusion of low-frequency magnetotherapy with a running magnetic field in the complex treatment.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The use of low-frequency magnetic therapy with a running pulsed magnetic field in the complex of rehabilitation measures for patients who have undergone pneumonia caused by the COVID-19 virus significantly improves the somatic status of patients, increases exercise tolerance, and optimizes the function of external respiration. The data obtained make it possible to recommend the inclusion of the factor in clinical guidelines for the rehabilitation of patients who have undergone COVID-19.

Відновлення здоров’я жінок після хвороби COVID-19 за допомогою «BALLANCE METHODE TANJA KÜHNE»

The purpose of the study was to substantiate the content of physical therapy for women after the COVID-19 disease using the BALLance Dr. Tanja Kühne method. Materials and methods. The following methods were used: 1. Methods of theoretical level of research: analysis, generalization and systematization of data of scientific-methodical and special literature, the Internet network. Their application made it possible to study the current state of the problem. 2. Methods of empirical level of research: anthropometric methods (measurement of chest circumference, height, weight; body mass index); instrumental methods (spirometry, oximetry, tonometry, pulsometry, respiratory rate measurement); pedagogical methods (pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment) were used to test the proposed program of physical therapy. 3. Methods of mathematical statistics were used to process the results, assess the statistical significance of changes and their interpretation. Results and discussion. The search for new methods and new equipment that would speed up the recovery process of the body after the COVID-19 disease is relevant and ongoing. A physical therapy program for women after COVID-19 has been developed and the effectiveness of training sessions has been proven. There are set changes in all indicators in women after COVID-19. The body weight index in women was 74.9 ± 2.2 kg and during the experiment tended to decrease to 73.9 ± 2.0 kg. Thus, the average indicator of heart rate was 79.4 ± 2.3 beats / min; the average indicator of systolic blood pressure was 137.1 ± 4.9 mm, diastolic blood pressure was 79.3 ± 2.8 mm. After the pedagogical experiment, significant changes were found in the following indicators: heart rate decreased by 4.7 beats / min; systolic blood pressure decreased by 1.9 mm, diastolic blood pressure decreased by 7.2 mm. Measurement of respiratory rate showed that the average was 23.8 ± 1.0, which is above normal and indicates inefficient function of external respiration. After the pedagogical experiment the respiratory rate was significantly decreased by 5.9 beats / min and reached 17.9 ± 0.3 beats / min. Before our research, the average chest excursion was 4.6 ± 0.4 cm. After performing a physical therapy program that included exercises to relax the muscles of the thoracic spine and intercostal muscles with the help of balls, there were statistically significant changes in improving the indicator of chest excursion, which was 5.5 ± 0.5 cm. All participants of our research improved their functional and psycho-emotional states. The results of the study were implemented in the activities of the studio "Pilates Lviv". Conclusion. One of the innovative methods of health restoration is BALLance Dr. Tanja Kühne. A physical therapy program has been developed for women who have contracted COVID-19 and its effectiveness has been proven

УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ПРИ ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ПИЩЕВОДНОПЛЕВРОКОЖНЫХ ФИСТУЛ

The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of ultrasound diagnostics in the adhesion of pleural leaves in the formation of esophagopleurocutaneous fistulas. Material and methods. The data on treatment of 19 patients (9 - main group, 10 - control group) who were treated with esophageal perforation in the department of thoracic surgery of Brest Regional Clinical Hospital using diagnostic ultrasound were analyzed. Results. The technique of performing ultrasound examination was determined. The “zone of interest” was visualized in the B-mode with the definition of a hyperechoic line and drainage nearby. The displacement of the visceral pleura together with the lung tissue relative to the parietal pleura indicated the presence of pleural adhesions. Simultaneously detected sign "barcode" in the M-mode was a sign of pleural adhesion, which was maintained constantly during chest excursion. This method was used to determine the prevalence of the area of adhesions, and subsequently the issue of traction or removal of drainage in postoperative patients during the formation of a fistula was resolved. Conclusions. Ultrasound diagnostics in the formation of esophageal pleural fistula in patients with esophageal damage contributes to the detection of early complications, timely removal of drains and reduction of hospitalization time.

РОЛЬ МЕСТНОЙ АНЕСТЕЗИИ ЛАПАРОТОМНОЙ РАНЫ В ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННЫХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ

Introduction. Wound pain and postoperative complications are a leading problem for patients operated on abdominal organs. In most cases, these two issues are interrelated; that is why their management requires a comprehensive modern approach. Aim. The aim of the study is to evaluate the literature data to identify a causal relationship between wound pain and some complications after abdominal surgeries and to determine the advantages of local anaesthesia of a laparotomic wound, taking into account its additional favourable features. Material and methods. Based on the analysis of Russian and foreign articles, the review presents the structure of the main wound, intra- and extra-abdominal complications after laparotomy, and their producing factors. Moreover, the role of pain during the postoperative period with its multiorgan effect is clearly demonstrated. We considered characteristics of local anaesthetics with their non- standard effects, as well as a comparison of publications regarding the advantages of local anaesthesia in the wound with the systemic administration of parenteral (narcotic and non-narcotic) analgesics, where side effects were also analyzed. Results and discussion. Wound, intra- and extra-abdominal complications after laparotomy are very common today. Pain in the wound area is important in developing each of the complications: it provokes hypodynamia in the postoperative period, develops intestinal paresis, reduces the chest excursion and, as a result, worsens the life quality. All this provokes an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, impaired blood circulation of abdominal organs, wound ischemia in the suture area, lung congestion, which worsens hemodynamics and leads to the systemic consequences. Local anaesthetics are devoid of the well-known side effects of narcotic analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, they have additional positive local effects. Conclusion. Scientific data analysis has shown that continuous infusion of local anaesthetics into the preperitoneal space of a median laparotomic wound is a promising method for relieving wound pain and preventing postoperative intra- and extra-abdominal complications.