Chemotherapy In Cancer Survivors Research Articles

Consumption Pattern Score in Cancer Survivor with Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting and Non-Cancer at Shelter Houses

Background: One of the most common effects of chemotherapy in cancer survivors is nausea and vomiting. This can affect the diversity of food consumed. Family support and assistance need to be done to increase food intake with one food provision.Objectives: This study aimed to find out the difference in the consumption pattern score among cancer survivors and non-cancers in shelter houses.Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with a retrospective approach. The criteria of the case subject were undergoing chemotherapy, while the control subject criteria were included in one food supply. The total subject was 66 cancer survivors, with 33 subjects each. This research was conducted from August 2021 until October 2021 at Shelter Houses. The data included the subjects characteristic data, vomit nausea degree data using the Rhodes Index nausea vomiting and retching (RINVR), family support data, food intake data using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and individual dietary diversity score (IDDS) questionnaires. Data collection is done by interviews in person and online. The data collected was analyzed using Chi-Square and bivariate test using Mann Whitney test.Results: The majority of cancer subjects were aged 40-59 years whereas non-cancer subjects were 20-39 years old. The subjects have special characteristics which are in low financial ability. Consumption of starchy foods (p<0.001) and green vegetables (p<0.006) in these two group subjects had significant differences. In addition, the consumption pattern score between cancer and non-cancer subjects made significant differences (p<0.001).Conclusion: Average consumption pattern scores showed cancer subjects were lower compared to non-cancer subjects. Thus, consumption patterns in cancer subjects did not variaty compared to non-cancer subjects. It is necessary to conduct further research by analyzing the diversity of food of each subject using a 1x24 hour for 3 days, food access questionnaire and food security.

P01.18.B Structural abnormalities related to chemotherapy in cancer survivors: an ALE meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies

Abstract Background Chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is a term used for the cognitive dysfunction reported with non-central nervous system cancer patients during or after chemotherapy. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown decreased activation in cancer patients during cognitive tasks post-chemotherapy. Structural changes are sought to be associated with cognitive decline in cancer survivors after chemotherapy. Here we aim to investigate the neuroimaging findings of structural abnormalities and gray matter alterations associated with chemotherapy in cancer survivors. Material and Methods A systematic search through PubMed database for peer-reviewed English-language studies yielded a total of 302 studies. Eligible studies were included in the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis if they reported coordinates in a stereotactic format (MNI or Talairach space) for voxel-based morphometric (VBM) studies on gray matter volume and post-chemotherapy cancer survivors compared to matched healthy controls. GingerALE (3.0.2) software from Brainmap.org was used to perform the ALE meta-analysis with threshold settings of uncorrected P-value < 0.001 for multiple comparisons. Results The study sample included 299 patients comprised of breast cancer survivors (BCS), childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) survivors, ovarian cancer survivors (OCS) and lung cancer with 279 matched healthy controls from 12 studies and 21 experiments. ALE-maps for post-chemotherapy cancer survivors showed reduced gray matter volume in comparison to healthy controls in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right thalamus, right superior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and right cerebellum (peak coordinates: [-43,40,-6], [23,-29,2], [14,30,55], [9,57,-16], [9,-78,-41] respectively, and cluster size of 544 mm3, 312 mm3 and 257 mm3, 296 mm3, 297 mm3 respectively). Conclusion This is the first ALE meta-analysis that studied the converged areas of reduced gray matter volume in post-chemotherapy cancer survivors. Our findings of reduced gray matter volume in frontal regions and cerebellum might be responsible for the cognitive dysfunction in executive function, attention, and memory observed in cancer survivors. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of different chemotherapeutic regimens related to CICI .

Vestibulotoxicity Associated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Survivors of Cancer: A Scoping Review.

Background: Cochleotoxicity following the treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy is well documented. The potential for vestibulotoxicity is still unclear. This scoping review examined the extent of current research literature, summarized research findings and identified research gaps regarding vestibular-related adverse effects associated with platinum-based chemotherapy in survivors of cancer.Methods: Inclusion criteria followed the PICO principles: Participants, adult, and pediatric cancer patients of any cancer type; Intervention, platinum-based chemotherapy (such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin); Control, none or any; Outcomes, vestibular-related adverse effects. English language articles published since 1978 were retrieved. Seventy-five eligible studies were identified from a systematic literature search, and relevant data were charted, collated, and summarized.Results: Testing for vestibulotoxicity predominately featured functional evaluation of the horizontal semicircular canal using the caloric and rotational tests. The rate of abnormal vestibular function test results after chemotherapy administration varied from 0 to 50%. The results of objective testing did not always correspond to patient symptoms. There is tentative support for patients with pre-existing loss of vestibular function to be more likely to experience vestibular toxicity after dosing with cisplatin.Conclusions: A number of studies reported significant evidence of vestibular toxicities associated with platinum-based chemotherapy, especially cisplatin. This scoping review emphasizes that vestibular toxicity needs more attention and comprehensive evaluation. Specifically, studies that analyse cumulative dose of platinum-based chemotherapy, affected sites of lesion in vestibular end organs, and the correlation and temporal patterns of cochlear and vestibular toxicity are needed.

Naringin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity In vitro and cognitive dysfunction In vivo

Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to study the neuroprotective potential of naringin (NAR) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and DOX-induced cognitive deficits (chemobrain) in vivo. Materials and Methods: In vitro methods, viz., 3-[4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, and neuritogenic and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, assessed neuroprotective potential of NAR and its aglycone naringenin (NGN) in IMR-32 cells. Chemobrain was developed in Wistar rats on chronic administration of ten cycles of DOX, and episodic memory was assessed using novel object recognition task. Serum cortisol, locomotor activity, and hematological biochemical and histological analysis were carried out. Results: A protective effect of NAR or NGN was observed upon pretreatment with the respective compounds in IMR-32 cells challenged with DOX. Flow cytometry revealed that flavonoids reduced cell cycle changes produced by DOX. In addition, an increase in apoptosis, intracellular ROS generation, and inhibition of neurite growth was noticed in IMR-32 cells with DOX treatment, which was significantly prevented by NAR or NGN pretreatment. Interestingly, NAR (50 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated episodic memory deficit associated with DOX without influencing locomotion, upon chronic treatment. NAR also prevented histological changes to major organs observed with DOX. Conclusion: NAR showed neuroprotective potential and may be used as an adjuvant therapy for amelioration of neurocognitive complications associated with chemotherapy in cancer survivors. Abbreviations used: CKL: Creatine kinase level; COX: Cyclooxygenase; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified eagle media; DOX: Doxorubicin; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; MTT: 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; NAR: Naringin; NGN: Naringenin; NORT: Novel object recognition task; NOS: Nitric oxide synthase; QOL: Quality of life; RA: retinoic acid.

Long-term arterial complications of chemotherapy in patients with cancer

The number of cancer survivors has gradually increased in recent decades. However, the cancer survivors are at risk for conditions related to their initial disease and its treatment, i.e. surgery, systemic treatment or radiotherapy. Cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial infarction, are common side effects of these therapies. Cardiovascular damage can occur during treatment or month to years after the initial treatment, as late effect of the cancer treatment. The pathophysiology of these effects is not yet fully understood, but an important part of the cardiovascular complications are thought to be the result of effects of anticancer agents on the structural and functional properties of the endothelium. Because these conditions can result in a high degree of morbidity and mortality, understanding how to improve the prevention, recognition, and treatment of vascular disease is an important medical priority in the care for cancer survivors. This review will focus on the long-term arterial complications of chemotherapy in cancer survivors. It will summarize the epidemiology and pathophysiology of these complications. Furthermore, important long-term clinical conditions related to these effects will be outlined, including cardiovascular risk management in terms of prevention, evaluation and therapy.

Liquid scintillation based quantitative measurement of dual radioisotopes (3H and 45Ca) in biological samples for bone remodeling studies.

Acute and prolonged bone complications associated with radiation and chemotherapy in cancer survivors underscore the importance of establishing a laboratory-based complementary dual-isotope tool to evaluate short- as well as long-term bone remodeling in an in vivo model. To address this need, a liquid scintillation dual-label method was investigated using different scintillation cocktails for quantitative measurement of (3)H-tetracycline ((3)H-TC) and (45)Ca as markers of bone turnover in mice. Individual samples were prepared over a wide range of known (45)Ca/(3)H activity ratios. Results showed that (45)Ca/(3)H activity ratios determined experimentally by the dual-label method were comparable to the known activity ratios (percentage difference ∼2%), but large variations were found in samples with (45)Ca/(3)H activity ratios in range of 2-10 (percentage difference ∼20-30%). Urine and fecal samples from mice administered with both (3)H-TC and (45)Ca were analyzed with the dual-label method. Positive correlations between (3)H and (45)Ca in urine (R=0.93) and feces (R=0.83) indicate that (3)H-TC and (45)Ca can be interchangeably used to monitor longitudinal in vivo skeletal remodeling.