Chemiluminescent Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Research Articles

Evaluation of a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a nonendemic setting

The disappearance of lytic, protective antibodies (Abs) from the serum of patients with Chagas disease is accepted as a reliable indicator of parasitological cure. The efficiency of a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a purified, trypomastigote-derived glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin antigen for the serologic detection of lytic Abs against Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated in a nonendemic setting using a panel of 92 positive and 58 negative human sera. The technique proved to be highly sensitive {100%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 96-100} and specific (98.3%; 95% CI = 90.7-99.7), with a kappa score of 0.99. Therefore, this assay can be used to detect active T. cruzi infection and to monitor trypanosomicidal treatment.

Evaluation of a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a nonendemic setting

Evaluation of a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a nonendemic setting

The effect of the biochemical marker soluble human leukocyte antigen G on pregnancy outcome in assisted reproductive technology—a multicenter study

To determine whether the presence of soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G) affects implantation and pregnancy outcomes in vitro. A multicenter retrospective study. Six certified in vitro fertilization (IVF) units. Embryos obtained from 2,040 patients from six different IVF clinics. Soluble HLA-G determination on day-2 embryos after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, with embryos transferred on day 3 using the sHLA-G data. Ongoing pregnancy rate (10- to 12-week ultrasound finding). All embryos were individually cultured, and a chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the presence of sHLA-G in the culture medium surrounding the embryos. Embryos were selected based on a positive sHLA-G result and a graduated embryo scoring (GES) score >70, or on embryo morphology if the test was negative. In all centers, a positive sHLA-G result was associated with an increase in the odds of an ongoing pregnancy. The incidence of an ongoing pregnancy was 2.52 times greater in embryos transferred on day 3 with a positive sHLA-G test result than the incidence of an ongoing pregnancy in embryos with a negative sHLA-G test result. Data from this multicenter study confirm that sHLA-G expression is a valuable noninvasive embryo marker to assist in improving pregnancy outcomes, with the theoretical potential to reduce multiple pregnancies.

Inkjet Nanoinjection for High-Thoughput Chemiluminescence Immunoassay on Multicapillary Glass Plate

We report a novel chemiluminescence diagnosis system for high-throughput human IgA detection by inkjet nanoinjection on a multicapillary glass plate. As proof-of-concept, microhole-based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheets were aligned on a multicapillary glass plate to form a microwell array as microreactors for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The multicapillary glass plate was utilized as a switch that controlled the holding/passing of the solution. Further, anti-IgA-labeled polystyrene (PS) microbeads was assembled into the microwell array, and an inkjet nanoinjection was specially used to distribute the sample and reagent solution for chemiluminescence ELISA, enabling high-throughput detection of human IgA. As a result, the performance of human IgA tests revealed a wider range for the calibration curve and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 ng mL(-1) than the ELISA by a standard 96-well plate. The analysis time and reagent consumption were significantly decreased. The IgA concentrations in saliva samples were determined after 10000-fold dilution by the developed ELISA system showing comparable results by conventional immune assay with 96-wells. Thus, we believe that the inkjet nanoinjection for high-throughput chemiluminescence immunoassay on a multicapillary glass plate will be promising in disease diagnosis.

Development of a rapid chemiluminescent ciELISA for simultaneous determination of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in animal meat products

A rapid one-step chemiluminescent competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ciELISA) for florfenicol (FF) and its major metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) residues in animal meat products has been developed. The 50% binding inhibition (IC₅₀) values of the method were 0.195 µg kg⁻¹ for FFA and 0.24 µg kg⁻¹ for FF under optimum conditions. The cross-reactive rates for FF and FFA were 100.0% and 81.2%, respectively. FF and FFA were easily extracted from animal meat product with an FF/FFA extraction buffer, obtaining recoveries of 81.8-92.0% (FF) and 77.2-100% (FFA). The whole one-step CL-ciELISA test can be accomplished within 40 min in theory. The detection limits (LODs) of the assay were 0.98 µg kg⁻¹ for FF and 0.80 µg kg⁻¹ for FFA in animal meat samples. Finally, field animal meat samples were analyzed with the CL-ciELISA method, and the results correlated well with those obtained using traditional ELISA and a previously reported liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method. The combined results confirmed the utility of this faster one-step CL-ciELISA for simultaneous trace analysis of FF and FFA. To date, this is the most rapid developed ELISA and CL-ELISA method for detection of FF and FFA.

Chemiluminescence competitive indirect enzyme immunoassay for 20 fluoroquinolone residues in fish and shrimp based on a single-chain variable fragment

A chemiluminescent competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, based on a mutant single-chain variable fragment (scFv), was developed to detect a broad range of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in fish and shrimp matrices. In this study, the best scFvC4A9H1_mut2 was adopted, which showed 10-fold improved affinity to sarafloxacin (SAR), difloxacin (DIF), and trovafloxacin (TRO), while the affinity to other FQs was fully inherited from wild-type scFvC4A9H1. In the optimized generic test, scFvC4A9H1_mut2 in combination with norfloxacin-ovalbumin conjugate and horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-c-myc 9E10 antibody showed 50% binding inhibition (IC50) at 0.12μgkg(-1) for norfloxacin in buffer. Screening for the class of FQ antibiotics is accomplished using a simple, rapid extraction carried out with ethanol/acetic acid (99:1, v/v). This common extraction was able to detect 20 FQ residues such as s ciprofloxacin (CIP), danofloxacin, DIF, enoxacin, enrofloxacin (ENR), fleroxacin, amifloxacin, flumequine, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin hydrochloride, marbofloxacin, norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin, orbifloxacin, pazufloxacin, pefloxacin-d5 (PEF), prulifloxacin, SAR, sparfloxacin, and TRO in fish and shrimp. The limit of detection (LOD) for NOR was 0.2μgkg(-1) and the LODs for CIP and ENR were all <0.2μgkg(-1). Values of LODs inferred from the cross-reactivity data will range from approximately 0.23μgkg(-1) for PEF to 2.1μgkg(-1) for TRO. Field fish and shrimp samples were analyzed and compared to the results obtained from liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method. All five instances (from 0.25 to 15.6μgkg(-1)) in which FQs were present at concentrations near or above the assay LOD were identified as positive by the newly developed assay, demonstrating the usefulness of this assay as a screening tool.

A novel chemiluminescent ELISA for detecting furaltadone metabolite, 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidone (AMOZ) in fish, egg, honey and shrimp samples

In this study, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with chemiluminescent (CLELISA) detection for 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidone (AMOZ) was developed. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) against AMOZ was prepared through immunizing BALB/c mice with 4-carboxybenzaldehyle derivatized AMOZ (CPAMOZ), conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as antigen. The effects of the substrates luminol, p-iodophenol and urea peroxide on the performance of the assay were studied and optimized. In addition, the specificity of the MAb, estimated as the cross-reactivity values with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde derivatized AMOZ (NPAMOZ), CPAMOZ and AMOZ, was 100%, 27.45% and 0.18%, respectively. The sensitivity of the developed CLELISA was estimated as 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value (0.14μg/l) with a linear working range between 0.03 and 64μg/l, and a limit of detection of 0.01μg/l. The CLELISA described in this study was 5-fold more sensitive than the indirect competitive ELISA previously developed in our laboratory. Finally, this new CLELISA was compared with a commercial kit to detect NPAMOZ in spiked fish, shrimp, honey and egg samples. The recovery values from four spiked fish, shrimp, honey and egg samples with different concentrations of NPAMOZ in CLELISA were 92.1–107.7%. Thus, the immunoassay method described here has a broad detection range and high sensitivity and is a valid and cost-effective means for high throughput monitoring of residual AMOZ levels in fish, shrimps, honey and eggs with potential applications in other animal tissues.

3-(10′-Phenothiazinyl)propionic acid is a potent primary enhancer of peroxidase-induced chemiluminescence and its application in sensitive ELISA of methylglyoxal-modified low density lipoprotein

Using a full factorial design the optimization of experimental conditions of enhanced chemiluminescence reaction (ECR) catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of 3-(10′-phenothiazinyl)propionic acid (PPA) as a primary enhancer was performed. The effect of concentrations of PPA, hydrogen peroxide, MORPH, luminol, and Tris on a ratio of peroxidase-catalyzed CL to background was studied. The detection limit value of HRP in ECR with PPA was 0.09pM. Using PPA the ultra-sensitive chemiluminescent ELISA for determination of methylglyoxal-modified low density lipoprotein was developed. The detection limit value for the developed method was 0.5ngmL−1. The obtained results open up very promising perspectives for using PPA to improve the sensitivity of enzyme immunoassay kits.

Determination of okadaic acid in shellfish by using a novel chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method

A direct competitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) was developed to determine okadaic acid (OA). Concentrations of the capture monoclonal anti-OA antibodies, conjugate of OA-HRP and a composition of blocking buffers were varied to optimize the assay condition. The values of IC10, IC50 and working range (IC20–IC80) for CL-ELISA were 0.01, 0.07, and 0.03–0.2ng/mL, respectively. Additionally, the analytical recovery values of CL-ELISA from 3 shellfish spiked samples with OA concentrations of 0.03, 0.1 and 0.2ng/mL ranged from 86.7% to 111.2%. Closely examining the OA concentrations in 19 various shellfish products performed by CL-ELISA revealed that OA concentrations in 6 of the 19 examined samples was undetected, whereas the 13 samples were contaminated with low levels of OA ranging from 1.2 to 8.0ng/g.

Quantification of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in oranges and mandarins by chemiluminescent ELISA

Direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was developed. Varying the concentrations of monoclonal anti-2,4-D-antibody and the conjugate of soybean peroxidase and 2,4-D the conditions of ELISA performance were optimised. The chemiluminescent method based on peroxidase-catalysed oxidation of luminol was applied to measure the enzyme activity of the conjugate. A mixture of 3-(10′-phenothiazinyl)propane-1-sulfonate and 4-morpholinopyridine was used as potent enhancer of chemiluminescence signal. It was shown that the values of the lower detection limit, IC50 and the working range were 1.5, 64.0, and 6.5–545ng/mL, respectively. The recovery values of CL-ELISA from 10 spiked samples of oranges (n=5) and mandarins (n=5) cultivated in green house without use of 2,4-D and containing different 2,4-D concentrations (10–300ng/mL) were ranged from 92% to 104% that indicated on the absence of matrix effect for the fruit extracts of interest. Determination of 2,4-D in peel of five oranges and five mandarins purchased from stores in Vietnam showed that 2,4-D content in oranges fruits (79–104μg/kg) was significantly higher than that in mandarins (1.66–2.82μg/kg).

An ultrasensitive chemiluminescent ELISA for determination of chloramphenicol in milk, milk powder, honey, eggs and chicken muscle

A competitive, direct, chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) for chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in milk, milk powder, honey, eggs and chicken muscle has been developed. The method gave a detection limit of 0.7 ng L−1 and a linear range of 2.1–92.4 ng L−1, with the IC50 of 13.6 ng L−1 under optimal conditions, dramatically better than any previously reported ELISA method for CAP detection. Spiked at levels of 5–60 ng L−1 in different food samples, recoveries were in the range of 72.1–116.0%, with coefficient of variations of 4.2–20.2%. In a study of incurred residues, the chicken muscle samples diluted 5-, 10- and 20-fold, results obtained by CL-ELISA correlated well with those obtained by gas chromatography with microcell electron capture detector and traditional ELISA. The developed CL-ELISA method is, therefore, suitable for rapid screening trace CAP residues in food samples.

Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotypes A and B Using a Chemiluminescent versus Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay in Food and Serum

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are some of the most potent biological toxins. High-affinity monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed for the detection of BoNT serotypes A and B using a chemiluminescent capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In an effort to improve toxin detection levels in complex matrices such as food and sera, we evaluated the performance of existing antitoxin mAbs using a new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay platform developed by Meso Scale Discovery. In side-by-side comparisons, the limits of detection (LODs) observed for ELISA and the ECL immunoassay for BoNT/A were 12 and 3 pg/mL, and for BoNT/B, they were 17 and 13 pg/mL, respectively. Both the ELISA and the ECL method were more sensitive than the "gold standard" mouse bioassay. The ECL assay outperformed ELISA in detection sensitivity in most of the food matrices fortified with BoNT/A and in some foods spiked with BoNT/B. Both the ELISA and the ECL immunoassay platforms are fast, simple alternatives for use in the routine detection of BoNTs in food and animal sera.

Development of ultrasensitive direct chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for determination of aflatoxin B1 in food products

A direct competitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) for determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was developed. To improve the assay sensitivity, a mixture of 3-(10′-phenothiazinyl)-propane-1-sulfonate and 4-morpholinopyridine previously optimized by a factorial design was used as enhancer of horseradish peroxidase-induced chemiluminescence. Varying the concentrations of the coating anti-AFB1 antibody and conjugate of AFB1 and horseradish peroxidase the conditions of the chemiluminescent assay were optimized. The values of the detection limit value and dynamic working range of CL-ELISA of AFB1 were 0.0015ngmL−1 and 0.003–0.03ngmL−1, respectively. It was shown that a dilution of rice and mung beans extracts in 5 and 10 times, respectively, prevented a matrix effect of the food products in CL-ELISA. The recovery values from the spiked samples of rice and mung beans were in the range of 90–104% and 102–117%, respectively. Studying 8 rice and 8 mung beans samples purchased in commercial stores the developed CL-ELISA allowed to find 3 samples (1 rice and 2 mung beans) containing AFB1, the content of AFB1 in one sample being higher than the maximum acceptable level established in the European Community.

A sensitive, rapid chemiluminescence ELISA for the detection of 1, 4-bisdesoxycyadox residue in chicken muscle and liver

A rapid system for 1, 4-bisdesoxycyadox (Cy4) detection in chicken breast muscle and liver using a highly sensitive luminol hydrogen peroxide-based chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) was developed. Cy4-specific monoclonal antibodies (Mab) were prepared. The Cy4 Mab dilution ratios, coating antigen (Cy4–OVA) concentration, blocking concentration, immunoreaction time and CL reaction time were optimized. The specificity of the assay was assessed by determining the cross-reactivity with the Cy4 parent drug Cyadox (CYX) and its related analogues and metabolites. For this method, the limit of detection was 0.007 ng mL−1, the linear range (IC20–IC80) was 0.027–67.673 ng mL−1, the intra-assay and inter-assay precisions were <10% and <15%, respectively, and the recovery was 65.46–101.33%. When chicken breast muscle and liver were examined by CL-ELISA and high performance liquid chromatography, the results of the two techniques correlated well, indicating that the CL-ELISA method was suitable for the screening and quality detection of veterinary drug residues in animal tissues.

Potential use of synthetic α-galactosyl-containing glycotopes of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi as diagnostic antigens for Chagas disease

A synthetic glycoarray containing non-reducing α-galactopyranosyl moieties related to mucin O-glycans of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated by a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with sera from patients with chronic Chagas disease. Our data revealed the disaccharide Galα(1,3)Galβ as the immunodominant glycotope, which may eventually be employed as a diagnostic antigen for Chagas disease.

Development of a chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the simultaneous detection of imidaclothiz and thiacloprid in agricultural samples

A novel and sensitive enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ECL-ELISA) for the simultaneous analysis of imidaclothiz and thiacloprid is described. The concentrations of coating antibodies and enzyme tracers were optimised by three different ECL-ELISA formats. Under the optimised conditions, when anti-imidaclothiz polyclonal and anti-thiacloprid polyclonal antibodies were immobilised in a single well, single-enzyme tracer ECL-ELISA was used to screen the corresponding pesticide residue, and multi-enzyme tracer ECL-ELISA was used for the analysis of imidaclothiz and thiacloprid residue mixtures. The average recoveries of the two pesticides from spiked tomato, cabbage, and rice samples were in the range of 83.7-117%. Meanwhile, the results showed that the multi-enzyme tracer ECL-ELISA could be applied to the accurate analysis of different proportions of imidaclothiz and thiacloprid (1 : 4 to 4 : 1, m/m) when the gross residues ranged from 20 to 250 μg kg(-1). The results of the multi-enzyme tracer ECL-ELISA in the real tomato samples correlated well with those of high-performance liquid chromatography, with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. Therefore, this new strategy for developing immunoassays is suitable for the simultaneous quantitative detection of imidaclothiz and thiacloprid residues in agricultural samples.

A New ELISA for Dermatomyositis Autoantibodies: Rapid Introduction of Autoantigen cDNA to Recombinant Assays for Autoantibody Measurement

Advances in immunology, biochemistry, and molecular biology have enabled the development of a number of assays for measuring autoantibodies. ELISA has been widely used, because it can deal with relatively large numbers of serum samples more quickly than other immunologic methods, such as immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. Recombinant autoantigens, which are generally produced in E. coli using the relevant cloned cDNA, are necessary for ELISA. Conventional clinical ELISA tests are limited in their ability to purify proteins free of bacterial contaminants, and the process is labor intensive. We recently developed new ELISA tests that utilize simple in vitro transcription and translation labeling of autoantigens in order to measure dermatomyositis- (DM-) specific autoantibodies, including autoantibodies to Mi-2, MDA5, NXP-2, TIF1-α, and TIF1-γ. This method may allow for the rapid conversion of cDNAs to a chemiluminescent ELISA to detect autoantibodies that are found not only in DM but also in other autoimmune diseases.

The relationship between the antipituitary antibodies (APAs) and hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury

Objective To investigate the relationship between antipituitary antibodies (APAs) and hypopituiarism following traumatic brain injury (TBI),as well as the severity of brain injury.Methods The study included 73 patients who suffered TBI 9 to 12 months ago and were diagnosed with hypopituitarism during the follow-up.Based on their Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission they were categorized into three groups:A (3-8),B (9-12) and C (13-15).Levels of plasma pituitary hormones (GH,TT,FT3 and FSH/LH) and APAs were measured in all patients with chemiluminescence assays and ELISA,respectively.Results Patients in group A had higher levels of APAs and lower levels of hormones compared with those in group B(P＜0.001) or group C(P＜0.001),while no significant difference was found between group B and group C for levels of either APAs (P＞0.05) or hormones (P＞0.05).Levels of APAs were negatively correlated with both GH (r=-0.64071,P＜0.001) and GCS (r=-0.50132,P＜0.001).Conclusion The present investigation provides preliminary evidence that APAs may be associated with the development of TBI-induced hypopituiarism.It suggests that the severity of hypopituiarism following TBI could be predicted by measuring the level of APAs. Key words: Antipituitary antibodies (APAs); Traumatic brain injury (TBI); Hypopituitarism

Profiling the Native Specific Human Humoral Immune Response to Sudan Ebola Virus Strain Gulu by Chemiluminescence Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Ebolavirus, a member of the family Filoviridae, causes high lethality in humans and nonhuman primates. Research focused on protection and therapy for Ebola virus infection has investigated the potential role of antibodies. Recent evidence suggests that antibodies can be effective in protection from lethal challenge with Ebola virus in nonhuman primates. However, despite these encouraging results, studies have not yet determined the optimal antibodies and composition of an antibody cocktail, if required, which might serve as a highly effective and efficient prophylactic. To better understand optimal antibodies and their targets, which might be important for protection from Ebola virus infection, we sought to determine the profile of viral protein-specific antibodies generated during a natural cycle of infection in humans. To this end, we characterized the profile of antibodies against individual viral proteins of Sudan Ebola virus (Gulu) in human survivors and nonsurvivors of the outbreak in Gulu, Uganda, in 2000-2001. We developed a unique chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for this purpose based on the full-length recombinant viral proteins NP, VP30, and VP40 and two recombinant forms of the viral glycoprotein (GP(1-294) and GP(1-649)) of Sudan Ebola virus (Gulu). Screening results revealed that the greatest immunoreactivity was directed to the viral proteins NP and GP(1-649), followed by VP40. Comparison of positive immunoreactivity between the viral proteins NP, GP(1-649), and VP40 demonstrated a high correlation of immunoreactivity between these viral proteins, which is also linked with survival. Overall, our studies of the profile of immunorecognition of antibodies against four viral proteins of Sudan Ebola virus in human survivors may facilitate development of effective monoclonal antibody cocktails in the future.

Depot-specific expression of caveolin-1 in human adipose tissue and their relationship with obesity and insulin resistance

To explore the depot-specific mRNA and protein expression of caveolin-1 (CAV-1) in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues and analyze their relationship with obesity and insulin resistance. A total of 41 subjects with normal glucose regulation were recruited. Among them, there were 29 cases with normal body mass index (BMI) and 12 cases with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m(2). All were scheduled to undergone selective abdominal operations. The levels of fasting insulin (FINS) were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was tested by glucose oxidase and home model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) calculated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were employed to assess the relative mRNA and protein expression of caveolin-1 in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues. And the mRNA and protein expression of caveolin-1 from different fat depots were compared and their correlations with BMI and HOMA-IR analyzed. (1) FINS and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the overweight and obesity group than those in the normal BMI group (FINS: (8.82 ± 3.79) mU/L vs (6.43 ± 4.38) mU/L, P < 0.05, HOMA-1R: 1.91 ± 0.85 vs 1.36 ± 0.72, P < 0.05). (2) The normal BMI group patients had the higher expression levels of caveolin-1 mRNA in omental adipose tissue than overweight counterparts (2.84 ± 0.86 vs 1.02 ± 0.36, P < 0.01). But the difference in subcutaneous adipose tissue was not significant (P > 0.05). (3) The caveolin-1 protein expression in omental adipose tissue of the normal BMI group was higher than that of overweight patients (1.68 ± 0.67 vs 0.73 ± 0.29, P < 0.05). And the difference between two groups was not significant (P > 0.05). (4)The expressions of caveolin-1 mRNA in omental adipose tissue were negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumstance, triglyceride and HOMA-IR (r = -0.441, -0.615, -0.539, -0.688, P < 0.05). No correlations were found between the expressions of caveolin-1 mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue with BMI, waist circumstance and HOMA-IR (P > 0.05). Differential depot-specific expressions of caveolin-1 are present in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues. A low expression of caveolin-1 in omental adipose tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance.