Long-lived trans‑uranium nuclides such as 237Np, may reside in the environment for long period and result in ecological impact and human health threat. Accurate measurement of 237Np in the environment is important for the risk assessment and ecological evaluation. However, the spectral peak tailing and polyatomic ions interference greatly limit the measurement of 237Np with triple quadrupole ICP-MS (ICP-MS/MS), which have been successfully used for analysis of ultra-trace level 239,240Pu and 241Am. The novel methods for 237Np measurement with ICP-MS/MS in both on-mass and mass-shift modes were examined in this paper. When helium was used as the collision gas for the ICP-MS/MS measurement with on-mass mode, the interference contribution to the counts for 237Np (at m/z 237) as low as 4 × 10−8 was observed only from Hg, while no measurable interference from Tl and Pb was observed. Moreover, when the mass-shift mode is employed with O2/He and He as the collision/reaction gas, the interference contributions from Hg, Tl and Pb were all negligible. The detection limit of 237Np was reduced to 0.014 fg/g and 0.019 fg/g for on-mass and mass-shift mode, respectively. The novel methods were demonstrated to enable accurate determination of 1.0 fg/g level 237Np in the emulated sample solutions with a 237Np/238U atomic ratio as low as 10−9. Combined with appropriate chemical separation procedure, the developed methods were verified with certified reference materials and soil samples.