Force For Chemical Reactions Research Articles

Applied electric field on the reaction between submerged entry nozzle and alloy in the steel

In this study, the reactivity between nozzle and submerged entry nozzle and alloy elements in the steel (Al and Ce) under different electric field conditions was investigated. The results show that the decarburization of the nozzle is an important factor affecting the clogging behavior and steel quality. The external electric field directly affects and changes the decarburization, clogging, and reaction behavior between the nozzle and alloy in the steel. If the chemical reaction force between alloys and the nozzle is greater than the applied electric field force in actuality, the clogging will also occur on the submerged entry nozzle. In the future, this new method of controlling and changing the interfacial electric fields can be used to solve the problem of decarburization and clogging of the submerged entry nozzle.

Thermo-Diffusion and Multi-Slip Effect on an Axisymmetric Casson Flow over a Unsteady Radially Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Chemical Reaction

The objective of this article is to investigate the impacts of thermo-diffusion effect on unsteady axisymmetric Casson flow over a time-dependent radially stretching sheet with a multi-slip parameter and the force of chemical reaction. We employed an established similarity transformation to this non-linear partial differential system to convert it into a system of ordinary differential equations. The numerical results are attained for this system by using KELLER-BOX implicit finite difference scheme. It has great reliability and accuracy even a very short time period for computational simulation. The impacts of influential flow parameters on fluid flow are sketched through graphs and the numerical results are thoroughly argued. The temperature, velocity and wall concentration control parameters are analyzed. (i) It is witnessed that chemical reaction is not favorable to enhance the velocity profile. (ii) Multi-slip parameters vary inversely with velocity profile. (iii) The fluid concentration in its boundary layer decreases with the increase of heavier species, the parameter of the reaction rate and the exponent of power law for fluids having Prandtl number = 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 25.0. Moreover, the skin-friction-coefficient factor and Nusselt-number are compared with the published work. A strong numerical solution agreement is being observed.

About the Moving Force of Chemical Reactions

About the Moving Force of Chemical Reactions

Entropy-driven loss of gas phase group V species from gold/III-V compound semiconductor systems

Temperature-dependent chemical interactions between Au and nine III-V compound semiconductors (III = Al,Ga,In and V = P,As,Sb) have been calculated using bulk thermodynamic properties. Enthalpic considerations alone are insufficient to predict metal/ compound semiconductor reactivities. The entropy of vaporization of the group V elements is shown to be an extremely important driving force for chemical reactions involving the III-V's, since it enables several endothermic reactions to occur spontaneously under certain temperature and pressure conditions. Plots of either Gibbs' free energies of reaction or equilibrium vapor pressure of the group V element versus temperature are used to predict critical reaction temperatures for each of the systems studied. These plots agree extremely well with previous experimental observations of thin film reactions of Au on GaAs.