Chemical Protection Measures Research Articles

Introduction and Agrotechnology of Greek Chambala (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.) in Surkhondaryo Region

This research explores the introduction and agrotechnology of Greek Chambala (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. The study focuses on the growth development and medicinal properties of this leguminous herb, with particular emphasis on agrotechnological factors such as planting dates, row spacing, and chemical protection measures that influence productivity. Greek Chambala is valued for its bioactive compounds, known for medicinal benefits like managing diabetes and obesity. The experiment was conducted at the "Jonchekka Sarhadlari" farm using different planting configurations and fertilization methods. The results showed that planting in November yielded optimal seed development and contributed to soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. The findings provide practical insights for enhancing the cultivation of Greek Chambala in Surkhandarya's climatic conditions, making it a promising crop for both agricultural and medicinal purposes.

Diseases of roses of the tea-hybrid garden group of the collection of the Stavropol Botanical Garden

Relevance. Conducting research on the resistance of hybrid tea roses to phytopathogenic harmful organisms and determining the species composition of pathogens and factors affecting their developmen.Methods. The objects of the study were the causative agents of fungal diseases of varieties of hybrid tea roses from the collection of the Stavropol Botanical Garden. The research was carried out using the Methodology of state variety testing of agricultural crops.Results. The results of studying the species composition of mycosis pathogens on varieties of roses of the tea-hybrid garden group of the collection of the Stavropol Botanical Garden are presented. The nature and degree of damage to plants is described, the causes are established and methods of containment of diseases are developed. The most harmful and common diseases on hybrid tea roses in growing conditions are: powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa Lew. var. rosae Voron.); downy mildew (Peronoplasmopara sparsa (Berk.) Uljan.); rust (is caused by 2 pathogens — Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers.) Schltdl., Phragmidium tuberculatum Mϋll. Hal.); gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) and leaf spotting of different types: black spot (Diplocarpon rosae F.A. Wolf. = Marssonina rosae (Lib.) Diet.); septoria (Septoria rosae Desm.); cercosporiasis (Cercospora rosiola Pass.), the development of which was facilitated by meteorological conditions over the years of research. Evaluation of hybrid tea cultivaris of roses for resistance to fungal diseases was carried out in 2019-2021 in the collection of the Stavropol botanical garden on a natural infectious background on a 5-point scale during the period of mass spread of diseases. Despite the fact that all cultivaris of hybrid tea roses are affected by fungal diseases, it has been found that different cultivaris are affected differently. According to the degree of resistance to the complex of diseases, 4 cultivaris received 1 point (practically resistant), 52 cultivaris received 2 points (weakly affected), 74 cultivaris received 3 points (mediumly affected), 33 cultivaris received 4 points (strongly affected). Regular monitoring of the phytosanitary state of the studied cultivaris, biological and chemical protection measures made it possible to reduce the massive spread of fungal diseases and preserve the decorative effect of plants.

Jumping plant-louse Cacopsylla (Hepatopsella) bidens (Sulc, 1907) (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) new pest on pear in Serbia

The problem of jumping plant - lice, an important pest on pear, appeared in the middle of the twentieth century and represents a direct consequence of pear cultivation on large areas with intensive application of agrotechnical, pomotechnical and chemical protection measures. Three species of jumping plant - lice are known on pear in Serbia: Cacopsylla pyri, C. pyrisuga i C. pyricola, among which C. pyri is the most important pest in intensive orchards. During jumping plant - lice fauna research in Serbia, besides these three species, another one was determined as well - Cacopsylla bidens. In the period from 2005 to 2010, the presence and harmfulness of C. bidens were determined at 56 localities, both in intensive and extensive pear orchards. Besides on cultivated pears, C. bidens was also determined on wild species of Pyrus genus. In our conditions, C. bidens overwinters in adult stage on pear. The activation of the adults that have overwintered occurs at the beginning of March. The extended period of oviposition provides permanent presence of all developmental stages on plant, so the generations overlap. It can develop 3 to 4 generations per year. Since this is the first record of the species in Serbia, this paper describes basic morphological characteristics of the species, development cycle and distribution.