Chemical Profiles Of Volatile Compounds Research Articles

Chemical profiling of volatile compounds of the essential oil of grey-leaved rockrose (Cistus albidus L.) and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activity in vitro and in silico.

Cistus albidus: L., also known as Grey-leaved rockrose and locally addressed as šṭab or tûzzâla lbîḍa, is a plant species with a well-established reputation for its health-promoting properties and traditional use for the treatment of various diseases. This research delves into exploring the essential oil extracted from the aerial components of Cistus albidus (referred to as CAEO), aiming to comprehend its properties concerning antioxidation, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial efficacy, and cytotoxicity. Firstly, a comprehensive analysis of CAEO's chemical composition was performed through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, four complementary assays were conducted to assess its antioxidant potential, including DPPH scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity assays. The investigation delved into the anti-inflammatory properties via the 5-lipoxygenase assay and the antimicrobial effects of CAEO against various bacterial and fungal strains. Additionally, the research investigated the cytotoxic effects of CAEO on two human breast cancer subtypes, namely, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Chemical analysis revealed camphene as the major compound, comprising 39.21% of the composition, followed by α-pinene (19.01%), bornyl acetate (18.32%), tricyclene (6.86%), and melonal (5.44%). Notably, CAEO exhibited robust antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by the low IC50 values in DPPH (153.92 ± 4.30μg/mL) and β-carotene (95.25 ± 3.75μg/mL) assays, indicating its ability to counteract oxidative damage. The ABTS assay and the total antioxidant capacity assay also confirmed the potent antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 120.51 ± 3.33TEμmol/mL and 458.25 ± 3.67µg AAE/mg, respectively. In terms of anti-inflammatory activity, CAEO displayed a substantial lipoxygenase inhibition at 0.5mg/mL. Its antimicrobial properties were broad-spectrum, although some resistance was observed in the case of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. CAEO exhibited significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on tumor cell lines in vitro. Additionally, computational analyses were carried out to appraise the physicochemical characteristics, drug-likeness, and pharmacokinetic properties of CAEO's constituent molecules, while the toxicity was assessed using the Protox II web server.

PERFIL VOLÁTIL DO Coffea arabica E Coffea canephora var. conilon POR SHS-GC-MS E QUIMIOMETRIA

VOLATILE PROFILE OF Coffea arabica AND Coffea canephora var. conilon BY SHS-GC-MS AND CHEMOMETRICS. The volatile composition of coffee exerts a substantial influence on its quality, as it defines the characteristics of the beverage. However, these compounds are influenced by factors within the coffee production chain, such as botanical origin, geography, processing methods, and roasting. Consequently, the identification of such compounds becomes a vital tool for characterizing coffees to these factors. In this context, gas chromatography with headspace extraction is widely used for aroma analysis, providing a composition closer to consumer perception. Headspace extraction offers speed, simplicity, minimal sample preparation, and no need for solvents. In this study, static headspace extraction (SHS) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) was employed to establish the chemical profile of volatile compounds in Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora var. conilon and determine discriminants between the species. A total of 97 compounds, belonging to 17 chemical classes, were identified. The chemometric analysis highlighted furans, phenols, and carboxylic acids as key differentiating classes. Notably, furfuryl alcohol, acetic acid, 4-vinylguaiacol, N-acetyl-4(H)-pyridine, and N-furfurylpyrrole emerged as crucial volatile compounds. The variable selection using Fisher weight applied directly in the chromatograms, produced models consistent with relative area data, with furfuryl alcohol and 4-vinylguaiacol regions being particularly influential in differentiation.

Breynia cernua: Chemical Profiling of Volatile Compounds in the Stem Extract and Its Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antiplasmodial and Anticancer Activity In Vitro and In Silico

Breynia cernua has been used as an alternative medicine for wounds, smallpox, cervical cancer, and breast cancer. This plant is a potential source of new plant-derived drugs to cure numerous diseases for its multiple therapeutic functions. An in vitro study revealed that the methanol extract of B. cernua (stem) exhibits antioxidant activity according to DPPH and SOD methods, with IC50 values of 33 and 8.13 ppm, respectively. The extract also exerts antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with minimum bactericidal concentration of 1875 ppm. Further analysis revealed that the extract with a concentration of 1-2 ppm protects erythrocytes from the ring formation stage of Plasmodium falciparum, while the extract with a concentration of 1600 ppm induced apoptosis in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. GC-MS analysis showed 45 bioactive compounds consisting of cyclic, alkyl halide, organosulfur, and organoarsenic compounds. Virtual screening via a blind docking approach was conducted to analyze the binding affinity of each metabolite against various target proteins. The results unveiled that two compounds, namely, N-[β-hydroxy-β-[4-[1-adamantyl-6,8-dichloro]quinolyl]ethyl]piperidine and 1,3-phenylene, bis(3-phenylpropenoate), demonstrated the best binding score toward four tested proteins with a binding affinity varying from -8.3 to -10.8 kcal/mol. Site-specific docking analysis showed that the two compounds showed similar binding energy with native ligands. This finding indicated that the two phenolic compounds could be novel antioxidant, antibacterial, antiplasmodial, and anticancer drugs. A thorough analysis by monitoring drug likeness and pharmacokinetics revealed that almost all the identified compounds can be considered as drugs, and they have good solubility, oral bioavailability, and synthetic accessibility. Altogether, the in vitro and in silico analysis suggested that the extract of B. cernua (stem) contains various compounds that might be correlated with its bioactivities.

Volatile compounds from soybeans under multiple on herbivores infestations attract the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae).

Plant-induced resistance can be an important component of soybean mites biological control programs. This work evaluates the preference of predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to soybean plants under single and multiple herbivory conditions by two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), and velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Using a Y olfactometer, the following scenarios were evaluated: soybean with no infestation and soybean infested with A. gemmatalis; soybean infested with T. urticae and A. gemmatalis, and soybean infested with T. urticae and with both T. urticae and A. gemmatalis. Volatile compounds released by plants were analyzed and identified by a Trace GC Ultra gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer with a solid phase micro-extraction ion-trap. The predatory mite N. californicus preferred soybean plants infested with T. urticae compared to those infested with A. gemmatalis. Multiple infestation did not interfere with its preference to T. urticae. Multiple herbivory of T. urticae and A. gemmatalis modified the chemical profile of volatile compounds emitted by soybean plants. However, it did not interfere with the search behavior of N. californicus. Out of the 29 identified compounds only five promoted predatory mite response. Thus, regardless of single or multiple herbivory by T. urticae with or without A. gemmatalis, the indirect induced resistance mechanisms operate similarly. As such, this mechanism contributes to an increase in the encounter rate between predator and prey for N. Californicus and T. urticae, and the efficacy of biological control of mites on soybean.

Chemical Profiling of Volatile Compounds in Brazilian Green Propolis and Its Application to Geographical Discrimination

In this paper, a novel approach was set up to analyze and discriminate propolis from different regions based on GC-MS and multivariate statistical analysis. A number of Chinese and Brazilian green propolis samples were dealt with based on this method, and a set of data were processed with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). A clear differences between the two groups were shown in score plot. The chemical markers for the differentiation were selected through loading plot. Based on the comparison between the reference and/or NIST database and mass fragments in the publication, chemical markers were tentatively identified. Lauric acid, 2(3H)-naphthalenone, spathulenol and benzenebutanoic acid were taken as chemical markers based on the above strategy. This research could provide some valuable information to the quality control of propolis from different origins.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Essential oil from Leaf and Stem of Elettaria cardamomum from Eastern India

Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as green or true cardamom, is a commercially important species, the seeds of which are extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. In spite of the increasing demand for cardamom essential oil in the international market, the chemical profiling of volatile compounds of different plant parts are not well explored. Though there are a few studies on the chemical characteristics of its leaf oil from other phytogeographical regions, the presence and chemical composition of essential oil from stems have not yet been reported. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to characterize the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaf and stem essential oil of E. cardamomum. The essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation from the leaf and stem revealed the presence of 43 and 37 compounds, representing 92.71 % and 92.12 % of total oil respectively by GC/MS analysis. The major constituents of the leaf essential oil were 1,8-cineole (20.66 %), camphene (18.09 %), camphor (10.02 %) and tricyclene (7.36 %); whereas α-terpinyl acetate (19.75 %), 1,8-cineole (10.38 %), caryophyllene oxide (7.13 %) and β-eudesmol (4.85 %) were rich in the stem essential oil. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the major terpenic fraction in the leaf and stem essential oil of E. cardamomum. The free radical scavenging ability assessed by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay showed that leaf oil had better activities as compared to stem oil. The present findings demonstrated that E. cardamomum growing wild in Eastern India could be considered as an important bioresource and natural antioxidant.

Avocado seeds (Persea americana cv. Criollo sp.): Lipophilic compounds profile and biological activities.

This study aimed to evaluate the volatile or lipophilic chemical profiling and the biological activities of avocado (Persea americana cv. Criollo sp.) seed extracts. Chemical profile of volatile compounds (GC/MS), antioxidant properties (phenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activities and reducing power), and antimicrobial activity (Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus) of avocado (Persea americana cv. Criollo sp.) seed extracts (ethanol and acetone) were characterized. Sixteen volatile chemical compounds were determined, including isoprenoid derivatives (estragole), esters of fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids), and their derivatives (9,12-Octadecadien-1-ol and 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol). Acetone was the best solvent to obtain volatile compounds from avocado seed; this extract also showed a higher reducing power (56.35 mg AAE/100 g). Maximum S. aureus and S. Typhimurium log reductions were 4.0 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.3 at the highest amount used (2000 mg/L), without significant effect (p < 0.05) of the solvent used. According to the results of the volatile chemical profiling of avocado (Persea americana cv. Criollo sp.) seed extracts, they can have potential application as antioxidant (212.75 and 183.75 mg Trolox/100 g) and antimicrobial additives.

Attraction and Electrophysiological Response to Identified Rectal Gland Volatiles in Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner).

Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a polyphagous fruit fly pest species that is endemic to Papua New Guinea and has become established in several Pacific Islands and Australia. Despite its economic importance for many crops and the key role of chemical-mediated sexual communication in the reproductive biology of tephritid fruit flies, as well as the potential application of pheromones as attractants, there have been no studies investigating the identity or activity of rectal gland secretions or emission profiles of this species. The present study (1) identifies the chemical profile of volatile compounds produced in rectal glands and released by B. frauenfeldi, (2) investigates which of the volatile compounds elicit an electroantennographic or electropalpographic response, and (3) investigates the potential function of glandular emissions as mate-attracting sex pheromones. Rectal gland extracts and headspace collections from sexually mature males and females of B. frauenfeldi were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Male rectal glands contained (E,E)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro [5.5]undecane as a major component and (E,E)-2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane as a moderate component. Minor components included palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, and ethyl oleate. In contrast, female rectal glands contained (E,E)-2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane and ethyl laurate as major components, ethyl myristate and ethyl palmitoleate as moderate components, and 18 minor compounds including amides, esters, and spiroacetals. Although fewer compounds were detected from the headspace collections of both males and females than from the gland extractions, most of the abundant chemicals in the rectal gland extracts were also detected in the headspace collections. Gas chromatography coupled electroantennographic detection found responses to (E,E)-2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane from the antennae of both male and female B. frauenfeldi. Responses to (E,E)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane were elicited from the antennae of females but not males. The two spiroacetals also elicited electropalpographic responses from both male and female B. frauenfeldi. Ethyl caprate and methyl laurate, found in female rectal glands, elicited responses in female antennae and palps, respectively. Y-maze bioassays showed that females were attracted to the volatiles from male rectal glands but males were not. Neither males nor females were attracted to the volatiles from female rectal glands. Our findings suggest (E,E)-2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane and (E,E)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane as components of a sex-attracting pheromone in B. frauenfeldi.

Studies on the volatile compounds in flower extracts of Rosa odorata and R. chinensis

Roses are culturally and economically important ornamental plants in the perfume industry. Rosa odorata, the unique rose species in Yunnan region of China, with strong fragrance and abundant varieties, played a prominent role in the formation of modern roses' tea-scent. In the present study, three taxa of Rosa odorata and three taxa of R. chinensis germplasm resources were examined for their chemical profiles of volatile compounds of flower extracts at different flowering stages by sensory analysis and solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC–MS) analysis. A total of 103 volatile organic compounds (VOC) were detected, including 33 major compounds. The release of total VOC was in the following order: OG (R. odorata var. gigantea) > CSR (R. chinensis var. spontanea Red) > CSW (R. chinensis var. Spontanea White) > COB (R. chinensis 'Old Blush') > OE (R. odorata var. erubescens) > OO (R. odorata var. odorata). The production and release of floral VOC in double flowers were delayed by those in single flowers. Principal component analysis showed that some benzodiazepines and sesquiterpenoids were their characteristic substances, which could separate R. odorata and R. chinensis. R. odorata contained more volatile compounds originated from benzodiazepine metabolic pathway, such as 3,5-dimethoxytoluene and phenyl ethanol, which were not found in R. chinensis. In addition, the release of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene in R. chinensis was significantly higher than that in R. odorata. This study could provide a platform for floral gene mining and floral improvement breeding of ornamental plants to develop new raw materials for plant essential oils.

CG-MS/SPME como Uma Ferramenta Complementar à Histoquímica no Estudo da Influência do Regime Hídrico sob a Fisiologia de Callistemon viminalis

Essential oils from the genus Callistemon are known to possess bioactive properties. Oftentimes, environmental conditions and changes to which plants are exposed to reflect on the plant metabolism and physiology. As such, essential oils produced by C. viminalis biosynthesized in its leaves, are subject to edaphoclimatic changes. This work analysed possible distinctions between anatomical, histochemical, and chemical profiles of populations located at regions with different water regimes. Micromorphometry did not show any difference between parameters in studied populations, this was also the case for histochemistry, analysed chemical compounds did not differ. Using solid phase microextraction (SPME), and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (CG-MS), it was possible to ascertain variations between populations and their chemical profiles. Influence of the water regime on the chemical profile of volatile compounds was shown through variations on the proportion of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes detected when comparing the two populations. Though anatomical studies did not demonstrate influence of the water regime, chemical analyses proved a powerful tool in fine tuning results, positively identifying the influence of water regimen on the synthesis and profile of essential oils of C. viminalis.

Comparison and Discrimination of Artemisia argyi and Artemisia lavandulifolia by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic Approach

Abstract Background: Artemisia argyi and A. lavandulifolia are two morphologically similar herbal medicines derived from the Artemisia genus. Although the two Artemisia herbs have been used as herbal medicines for a long time, studies on their phytochemicals and bioactive compositions are still limited, and no research has been devoted to compare the volatile compounds in A. argyi and A. lavandulifolia. Objective: To compare the volatile constituents in A. argyi and A. lavandulifolia and to explore chemical markers for discrimination and quality evaluation of the two Artemisia herbal medicines. Methods: A GC-MS-based metabolomic approach was employed to compare and discriminate A. argyi and A. lavandulifolia from the aspect of volatile compounds. Multivariate statistical methods, including principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminate analysis, were applied to explore chemical markers for discrimination of the two Artemisia herbal medicines. Results: Thirty volatile compounds were identified, and the chemical profiles of volatile compounds in A. argyi and A. lavandulifolia were quite similar. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis results indicated that the two Artemisia herbal medicines could be distinguished effectively from each other. Ten volatile compounds were selected as potential chemical markers for discrimination of the two Artemisia herbal medicines. Conclusions: The GC-MS-based metabolomics could be an acceptable strategy for comparison and discrimination of A. argyi and A. lavandulifolia as well as authentication of herbal medicines derived from other closely related species. Highlights: GC-MS based metabolomic approach was firstly applied to compare and discriminate Artemisia argyi and Artemisia lavandulifolia.

Chemical Diversity of Volatiles From Parents, Rootstock and Atemoya Hybrid

Hybridization promotes the transfer of genetic material from parental species to the hybrid, which can be closely related to one of its parental species or present new features that provide them higher competitivity concerning other chemical phenotype comparing to its parents. On the other hand, grafting technique, in which occurs the combination between two species, also may lead to changes in the volatile profile of terpenes at the grafted plant. The objective of this research was to characterize the chemical profile of volatile compounds in leaves of atemoya hybrid (Annona &amp;times; Atemoya) (Mobb.), its male and female parents (Annona squamosa Mill. and Annona cherimola L.), as well as its common rootstock (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer var. &amp;ldquo;Terra-fria&amp;rdquo;). Leaf samples from atemoya, its parents and the rootstock were collected in S&amp;atilde;o Bento do Sapuca&amp;iacute; and Santa F&amp;eacute; do Sul, S&amp;atilde;o Paulo state, Brazil. Volatile substances were obtained by microextraction solid phase (SPME). Chemical profile of volatile compounds was determined and identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Atemoya hybrid presented substances also found in both parents and rootstock, with a variation on the relative percentage of compounds. Such variation allowed to form three clusters, where I was comprised by the hybrid, II comprised by A. cherimola, and the latter, III, grouping the rootstock and the male parent. We concluded that hybridization and grafting influence production of terpenes in atemoya hybrid (Annona &amp;times; Atemoya).

Chemical profiling of volatile compounds of various home-made fruit spirits using headspace solid-phase microextraction

Fruit spirits are typical alcoholic beverages in the Moravian region of the Czech Republic. The aim of this work was to find differences in chemical composition among volatile profiles of spirits produced from various kinds of fruits. Twenty-four samples of seven kinds of fruit spirits (plum, apple, pear, cherry, mirabelle, apricot and raspberry spirits) were analysed for examination of their volatile profiles. The most abundant family of compounds was esters, particularly ethyl esters. Sesquiterpenes proved to be a significant group of volatile substances by observing the differences between pome and stone fruit spirits [by relative higher content of (E,E)-α-farnesene and by presence of α-zingiberene and (E)-α-bisabolene in volatile profiles of pome fruit spirits]. Only in stone fruit spirits were propyl decanoate and ethyl salicylate found. Some other compounds were observed as being characteristic for individual kinds of analysed fruit spirits, e.g. γ-decalactone for apricot spirits, (E)-β-farnesene for apple spirits, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol for mirabelle spirits or some apocarotenoids for raspberry spirits. This work could potentially be the basis for checking the fruit origin of these distillates, or a partial manual as to how to differentiate individual kinds of pome-fruit spirits (pear and apple spirits) or stone-fruit spirits (plum, mirabelle, apricot spirits). Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

Chemical characterization of polyphenols and volatile fraction of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) extracts obtained by subcritical water extraction

In this work, coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds were extracted by subcritical water extraction (SWE) at different temperature (100–200°C), pressure (30–90bar) and extraction time (10–30min), using Box-Behnken experimental design. Polyphenol compounds in obtained extracts were analyzed by HPLC–MS/MS, and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid was dominant compound with the highest yield (942mg/100g DW) obtained at 100°C, 60bar and 10min. Chemical profile of volatile compounds was determined by GC–MS. Linalool, which is a dominant compound in coriander essential oil, was the most abundant volatile compound in all extracts obtained at 100 and 150°C, however, it almost completely degraded at 200°C. Total extraction yield (Y), polyphenols content (PC) and total volatile compounds (TVC) were response variables in investigated experimental design. Due to satisfactory statistical parameters, applied models for Y and PC represented good approximation of experimental results. Determined SWE conditions which provided maximized PC (1001mg/100g DW) were temperature of 100.5°C, pressure of 87.6bar and extraction time of 10min. Even though, TVC could not be optimized by RSM due to disagreement between observed results and second-order polynomial model, it is concluded that essential oil and polyphenol compounds could be co-extracted with a good yield at optimal conditions for PC, as the highest TVC was obtained at 100°C, 60bar and 10min.

Characterization of Odor‐Active Compounds in Gabiroba Fruits (Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg)

AbstractHeadspace solid‐phase microextraction was used for isolation of the volatile compounds from gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg) and further quantification by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector and identification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O). The odor‐active compounds were evaluated using the Osme technique. Seventy‐nine compounds were identified, from which 39 presented odor activity detected by the judges in GC‐O analysis. The major compounds were (E)‐2‐hexenal, ethanol, ethyl hexanoate, hexanal, ethyl butanoate, hexanoic acid, 1‐hexanol, (E)‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol, linalool, 1‐butanol, methyl acetate and α‐terpineol, but the substances 4‐hydroxy‐2,5‐dimethyl‐2(3H)‐furanone, 1‐penten‐3‐ol, an unidentified compound, hexanal, (E,E)‐2,4‐hexadienal, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, ethyl hexanoate, γ‐eudesmol, linalool and β‐eudesmol were related to the aroma of this fruit. The green and sweet notes were perceived in high frequency of description and intensity, and they were considered important for the characteristic gabiroba aroma.Practical ApplicationsGabiroba is a native fruit from South America with an intense and pleasant flavor, but there is a few information regarding to its chemical profile of volatile compounds. In this work, the compounds that better represent the gabiroba aroma (odor‐active substances) were determined by olfactometric analysis. This information was crucial for sensory characterization of fruit and could be used as a tool for evaluation of processing and postharvest quality.

Phytoconstituents and Insecticidal Activity of Different Solvent Leaf Extracts of Chromolaena odorata L., against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The chemical profiles of volatile compounds obtained from different leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata L, were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography couples with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The hexane extract was characterized by abundance of phytol (23.1%), caryophyllene oxide (12.7%), germacrene D (9.0%) and (7.8%) and β-caryophyllene (8.2%). The major constituents of the chloroform extract were dodecyl acetate (13.6%), oleic acid methyl ester (11.2%), di -n-octyl phthalate (11.1%) and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (6.6%). Original Research Article

Volatile compounds of Mandevilla guanabarica (Apocynoideae, Apocynaceae) from three restingas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract The chemical composition of volatile compounds in leaves of Mandevilla guanabarica from three restingas in Rio de Janeiro was characterized by GC/MS after SDE. The volatiles common were 3-hexen-1-ol, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D, which were majority compounds for plants from Grumari, Jurubatiba and Marica, respectively. M. guanabarica also contained other compounds: α-cubebene, α-copaene and cubebene (Grumari); β-ocimene, α-caryophyllene and germacrene B (Jurubatiba); and β-elemene and alloaromadendrene (Marica). Although some compounds were common to all locations, the qualitative and quantitative chemical profiles of volatile compounds of M. guanabarica from three different areas in the same season, with similar conditions of temperature and precipitation, were distinct. Leaf histochemical analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids in idioblasts, and rubber grains and droplets of lipophilic substances in the mesophyll, for all three samples. These results indicate the possible influence of physiological variations and/or environmental conditions on the composition of volatiles in M. guanabarica .