Chemical Activation Research Articles

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of 'Nufar' basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil from three municipalities of Tolima, Colombia

Essential oils are natural compounds with great potential to be used as products with high antioxidant activity. The aim of this research was to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the Nufar variety basil essential oil from three municipalities in Tolima, Colombia. The essential oil extracted from the leaves of this basil variety using microwave-assisted extraction predominantly comprises linalool (37.9–41.1%), estragole (24.5–33.6%), and 1,8-cineole (5.2–7.6%). The quantities of these compounds are influenced by the plant's place of origin. Regarding antioxidant activity, the basil essential oil cultivated in the municipality of Honda shows higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH and ABTS·+ tests (29.89 ± 4.03 and 9.60 ± 1.74 mg/mL, respectively), compared to the values from the municipalities of Mariquita and Espinal. The Principal Component Analysis applied to the data generated biplots that explain 99.8% of the total variation. These indicate that the essential oils from basil grown in the municipality of Espinal are characterized by having a high IC50 (mg/mL) in the DPPH test. On the other hand, the essential oils of basil cultivated in the municipalities of Honda and Mariquita are distinguished by their high content of monoterpenes and total terpenes. The study concludes that the geographical location significantly impacts the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of basil plants.

Lignin-derived porous carbons for efficient CO2 adsorption

Highly efficient and stable adsorbents play a crucial role in the adsorption treatment for CO2 capture. Lignin-derived porous carbons have gained increasing attention for CO2 adsorption application due to their abundant and cost-effective raw material sources. This study involves the synthesis of a series of porous carbons derived from sodium lignosulphonate using chemical activation and template methods. It was found that synthesis methods had significant influence on the properties of the obtained porous carbons, including texture structures and surface functional groups. The pore structure of the carbons obtained through the activation methods primarily consisted of etched channels, while that of the carbons acquired via the template methods predominantly originated from stacked sheet carbon. In comparison to the carbon samples obtained from template methods, chemically-activated porous carbons exhibited higher specific surface areas (1125 m2/g for the ZnCl2-activated sample and 1998.4 m2/g for the KOH-activated sample) and more micropores. The variations in the characteristics of the carbon samples derived from lignin with different synthesis methods also affected their CO2 adsorption performance. The CO2 adsorption capability of the chemically-activated porous carbons indicated their superior suitability for CO2 adsorption due to their higher specific surface area and abundant sulfur- and oxygen-containing functional groups. Notably, the porous carbons prepared with ZnCl2 as the activation agent (C-LS-ZnCl2) exhibited the most remarkable adsorption capacity of 4.45 mmol/g at 273 K and 100 kPa, and high CO2/N2 selectivity. The adsorption-desorption cycles confirmed the remarkable stability and regeneration ability of C-LS-ZnCl2. This study findings suggest that the utilization of the ZnCl2 activation method exhibits significant potential in transforming industrial lignin waste (sodium lignosulphonate) into a suitable adsorbent for CO2 adsorption.

Experiments Validated the Development of Zebrafish Embryos and Toxicological Mechanism of Borneols in Perinatal Period.

Studies have confirmed that high dose borneol has perinatal toxicity and has a certain effect on embryonic development. However, there is little about the effect of borneol on the development of zebrafish embryos. Therefore, we compared the effects of D-borneol, L-borneol and synthetic borneol on the growth and development of zebrafish embryos, and predicted the possible mechanism of perinatal toxicity. The embryonic mortality rate, hatching rate, and heart rate of each group were recorded at 48 hpf to compare the effects of borneols on the development of zebrafish embryos. Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to predict the possible mechanism of perinatal toxicity. We found that borneols increased the mortality at 24 and 48 hpf, inhibited the autonomous movement behavior at 24 hpf, and affected the hatching rate and heart rate at 48 hpf. Network pharmacology analysis showed that borneols had the same toxic targets in the perinatal period and were involved in regulating perinatal toxicity by regulating pathways in cancer, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, PI3K-Akt and others. Molecular docking showed that the binding activity of the active ingredients and the core target was at a medium level, and the binding activity of the borneols active ingredients and the core target was not much different. Three kinds of borneol on the development of zebrafish embryos were different. The toxicity of L-borneol was the lowest. The mechanisms of perinatal toxicity were related to inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle and growth, differentiation and reproduction.

Designing sustainable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients from seaweeds for functional gummies

Atlantic wakame (AW) and sea lettuce (SL) are edible seaweeds commonly produced in Asia and Europe, typically consumed as fresh or dried biomass. Because of the short shelf life, developing new post-harvest treatments, such as the extraction of bioactive compounds, is essential for establishing reliable macroalgae supply chains for food applications. This study aims to develop a sustainable and functional seaweed-based food ingredient rich in bioactive compounds for functional food applications. The results indicated that ultrasound-assisted extraction using 70% ethanol for 10 minutes was optimal for both SL (410±23 mg of gallic acid equivalent [GAE] per kg) and AW (666±63 mg GAE/kg). Both extracts exhibited chemical antioxidant activity and inhibited the protection of human plasma against chemically induced oxidation. SL extract did not exhibit free radical scavenging activity (DPPH). Importantly, no cytotoxicity (IC50>250 µg/mL) was observed in human-derived THP-1, HUVEC, HT-29, and HepG2 cell lines, ensuring the relative safety of these extracts for potential food technology applications. AW and SL extracts (100 µg/mL) reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged THP-1 cells by 66% and 30%, respectively, highlighting the higher antioxidant activity of AW extract. AW and SL extracts did not modulate TNF-α and IL-6 secretion to show anti-inflammatory activity. Gummies infused with AW and SL extracts had a higher total phenolic content than commercial products, but their antioxidant activity was lower. Sensory evaluation revealed that gummies containing seaweed extracts received lower scores for colour, taste, overall impression, and purchase intention than those without extracts.

Eucalyptus globulus essential oil as food preservative: Chemical composition, antimicrobial (in vitro and in situ), antibiofilm and insecticidal potential

The use of species within the Eucalyptus genus has been widespread in traditional medicine practices globally. However, concerns regarding safety and toxicity data have been prominent due to the extensive use of its essential oil, which is widely regarded for its medicinal properties and various applications. This research aimed to analyze the chemical makeup of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EGEO) and explore its antibacterial and insecticidal properties both in laboratory settings and real-life scenarios. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was employed to identify the chemical constituents of EGEO, revealing 1,8-cineole (86.1 %), ο-Cymene (4.9 %), α-Pinene (3.8 %), γ-Terpinene (2.2 %), and α-Terpinene (1.6 %) as the primary components. The disc diffusion method demonstrated EGEOʼs strongest antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus (p < 0.05), while minimal inhibition concentration tests indicated notable effectiveness against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC50 2.25 mg/mL and MIC90 2.79 mg/mL). In situ antibacterial assessments using white radish and pear food models showed heightened activity compared to contact application, particularly with the highest concentration (500 µg/L), yielding optimal results against Pseudomonas putida (p < 0.05). Additionally, the study investigated EGEO's antibiofilm properties against Salmonella enterica using mass spectrometry and the crystal violet method. In terms of insecticidal action, EGEO at 100 % concentration resulted in the mortality of 90 % of Harmonia axyridis individuals. This comprehensive investigation contributes to a deeper understanding of both the chemical composition and biological activities of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil, highlighting its potential as a source of natural compounds with promising therapeutic properties.

Underutilized edible Himalayan herb, Viola canescens Wall.; chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against respiratory tract pathogens

Understanding the intricacies of herbs and foods against bacterial infections is paramount for informed therapeutic choices. Delving into this domain, current study was focused to assess antimicrobial properties of Viola canescens organ specific extracts against prevalent respiratory tract pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumonia). Our methodology entailed proximate composition, TPC, TFC, Total condensed tannins and comprehensive chemical profiling by GC-MS, UPLC-PDA, and UPLC-MS/MS. Further, in-vitro, antioxidant potential through ABTS ֹ+ and DPPH ֹ radical scavenging assays was assessed. The root showed higher amount of proximate composition than its counterparts. Further, ethanol extract showed highest TPC (32.15±0.92mg GAE/g), TFC (125.61±2.28mg RE/g), and comparable TCT with methanol extract (34±0.19mg CE/g). UPLC analysis showed that p-coumaric acid was most predominant followed by rutin and luteolin among the V. canescens parts. In GC/MS analysis, methyl linoleate emerged as a major component as 10.70%, 17.62%, and 35.90% in flowers, leaves, and roots, respectively. Further, UHPLC- MS/MS data-based METLIN search revealed the presence of flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, and fatty acid derivatives etc. Chemo-metric analysis also showed variations of metabolites in different parts. All samples showed significant antioxidant activity with highest in methanol and ethanol flower extracts (0.037±0.001, 0.071±0.001 DPPHֹ and ABTS ֹ + IC50 mg/mL). The study suggested aerial parts can be a promising source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents that may protect against respiratory tract pathogens similar to azithromycin. This substantiates the potential of V. canescens as a foundational ingredient for novel therapeutics.

The Impact of Carrageenan on Pharmascience

Abstract: Carrageenan (CG) a sulfated polysaccharide (SP) is produced using a variety of seaweeds from the Rhodophyceae family. This type of seaweed is available in areas, like the Atlantic Ocean close to Great Britain, Europe, and North America. Carrageenan has been permitted for the use as food items with the European additive E-number E407. Carrageenan is a widely used polysaccharide derived from red seaweed and is known for its various applications in the chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical fields. It delves into its versatile applications across various sub areas, spanning from the food to the pharmaceutical industry. A significant emphasis is placed on the intricate roles of carrageenan in pharmaceutical science, where it serves as both a drug carrier agent and an active ingredient, owing to its noteworthy biological activity. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of carrageenan's versatile applications, with a focus on its chemical properties, biological activities, and pharmaceutical uses. The pharmaceutical applications of carrageenan are further categorized into various subparts, including its role in treating diseases and its use in drug delivery systems, such as topical, oral, nasal, and unconventional routes. The review also incorporates the most recent developments in clinical trials involving carrageenan and its updated applications, drawing from authoritative sources. This comprehensive analysis aims to offer readers a clear understanding of carrageenan's multifaceted nature and its evolving significance in diverse industries.

Bio-morphological traits, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of two accessions from sainfoin seeds

The importance of some underutilized legume crops in creating sustainable bioeconomy is increasing constantly in the 21st century. Apart from the commonly used beans, the most of them are mainly utilized as animal forages. Such crop is sainfoin which has the ability to resist droughts and adapt to a wide range of climatic conditions. Hence, it is substantial to be performed detailed studies on the genetic diversity of the plant as well as to be established the main components derived from the sainfoin seeds. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the examination of the variability of some important bio-morphological traits of two sainfoin accessions – Onobrychis transcaucasica Grossh. and Onobrychis viciifolia Scop., as well as revealing the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the seeds. The highest variability for both species was the trait top leaflet width. The amount of glyceride oil, total proteins, carbohydrates (water-soluble sugars, starch and fibers), ash and moisture of the seeds were determined. Total phenolics and flavonoids, as well as their individual content in the sainfoin seeds revealed them as a potent source of bioactive components. The antioxidant activity was examined using four methods based on different mechanisms (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant ability (FRAP) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC)). The results of this study have possibilities for enrichment the information on ex situ collection of O. transcaucasica and O. viciifolia accessions. They could be successfully used in the improvement of breeding programs and the seeds might have possible application for different industrial purposes because of their chemical composition.

Chemical profile, biological activities, and molecular docking of Algerian Juniperus phoenicea berries

The chemical composition, antioxidant activities, and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activity of Algerian Juniperus phoenicea L berries were quantitatively and qualitatively determined in this study. Essential oil (EO) and non-polar crude extracts from cyclohexane and ethyl acetate were prepared, and the chemical profile was determined using GC-MS technique. The predominant compound in the EO was α-pinene (76.03%), while communic acid (23.66% and 22.38%) was the main compound in both non-polar crude extracts. The antioxidant potential of the samples was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid)-diammonium salt (ABTS), and phenanthroline. All samples showed weak antioxidant capacity. The antidiabetic effect was assessed in vitro using the α-amylase assay; a strong inhibitory effect against the α-amylase enzyme was detected for both cyclohexane and ethyl acetate extracts with IC50 (IC50 = 186.91 ± 5.74 mg/mL and IC50 = 351.48 ± 0.17 mg/mL, respectively). Finally, an in silico study was performed for both α-amylase and α-glucosidase proteins to enhance our outcomes.

Addition of polyphenolic extracts of Myrtus communis and Arbutus unedo fruits to whey: valorization of a common dairy waste product as a functional food.

Whey, a nutrient-rich byproduct of the dairy sector, possesses high potential for creating novel nutraceutical products. The present study investigates a potential new functional food by incorporating polyphenolic extracts from Myrtus communis and Arbutus unedo fruits into whey in both liquid (LA) and powder (PA) addition forms. Chemical, microbiological, physical stability and antioxidant activity were monitored for 60 days (from T0 to T60). Both LA and PA of fruit extracts remained chemically stable for the whole period, except for A. unedo PA, which showed a decline in polyphenols after T45. Enriched whey samples showed higher antioxidant activity than pure whey. Microbiological analysis revealed the presence of lactic acid bacteria, indicating potential prebiotic effects. However, the high tannin concentration of A. unedo extracts partially modified the casein micelle structure. Whey enriched with Mediterranean fruit extracts shows great potential as a functional food, combining the benefits of plant antioxidants, probiotic bacteria and good stability. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

A multidirectional study on chemical fingerprints and biological activities of three Cistus extracts (C. creticus, C. laurifolius, and C. salviifolius) with ethnomedicinal uses

A multidirectional study on chemical fingerprints and biological activities of three Cistus extracts (C. creticus, C. laurifolius, and C. salviifolius) with ethnomedicinal uses

Improving the bioactivity of water-soluble alfalfa saponins using biotransformation.

Medicago sativa L. is gaining attention as a sustainable plant-based food protein. Alfalfa saponins (ASs) typically exist in a glycosylated form in nature, which has poor cell membrane permeability, while the deglycosylated saponins may show better bioactivity. The AS was deglycosylated by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger, and the chemical structures and biological activities, including in vivo assays, of AS and deglycosylated AS (DAS) were determined. The results showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition of DAS was 29.5µg/mL, demonstrating a significantly higher reducing capacity compared to AS (p<0.05). The DAS induced 33.8% antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and enhanced the proliferation of human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) at a concentration of 125µg/mL. In vivo experiments on C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet demonstrated that high-level DAS treatment produced significantly greater hypolipidemic effects compared to AS (p<0.05). Thus, the AS can be deglycosylated, which leads to an improvement in biological activity, particularly since the DAS exhibits significantly enhanced hypolipidemic activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Alfalfa saponins were deglycosylated by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger, which contributed to increased bioactivity, particularly its hypolipidemic activity.

Investigation on chemical composition and insecticidal activity against Anopheles gambiae of essential oil obtained by co-distillation of Cymbopogon citratus and Hyptis suaveolens from Western Burkina Faso.

Essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Hyptis suaveolens are known for their insecticidal properties, but remain ineffective against mosquitoes resistant to synthetic insecticides. In order to improve insecticidal properties of these plants, this study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and insecticidal activity against Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes of essential oil obtained by co-distillation of dry leaves of C. citratus and H. suaveolens. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation from dry leaves of C. citratus and H. suaveolens, separately, then from the mixture of the dry leaves of the two plants in mass ratio 50/50. Each pure essential oil and the mixture obtained either by co-distillation or by combining pure essential oils in volume ratio 50/50 were then analysed by GC/MS. All essential oils and Deltamethrin 0.05% (positive control) were tested on two species of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles gambiae according to the World Health Organization standard methods. Essential oil obtained by co-distillation mainly contained piperitone (40.80%), 1,8-cineole (24.64%), p-menth-4(8)-ene (13.20%), limonene (6.09%) and α-pinene (4.73%). However, the mixture of pure essential oils of these two plants mostly contained geranial (20.74%), neral (16.42%), 1,8-cineole (19.79%), sabinene (6.03%) and β-pinene (3.87%). The essential oil of C. citratus mainly contained geranial (41.49%), neral (32.83%), β-myrcene (13.66%) and geraniol (3.49%) while the major constituents of essential oil of H. suaveolens were 1,8-cineole (39.58%), sabinene (12.06%), β-pinene (7.73%), α-terpinolene (6.72%) and (E)-caryophyllene (7.49%). At the dose of 1%, all essential oils, except that of H. suaveolens, induced about 100% of mortality on the sensitive species of An. gambiae. However, on the resistant species at the same dose, the essential oil obtained by co-distillation induced the highest mortality (53.44%). The essential oils of C. citratus, H. suaveolens and the mixture of the two pure essential oils caused respectively 2.47, 15.28 and 18.33% of mortality. The synthetic insecticide caused 100 and 14.84% of mortality respectively on the sensitive and resistant species of An. gambiae. Essential oil obtained by co-distillation showed good insecticidal efficacy against a resistant species of An. gambiae and might constitute a new solution to fight against mosquitoes resistant to synthetic insecticides.

Scalp condition improvement with botanical extracts possessing chemical and physical antioxidant activity.

Oxidative stress is implicated in scalp and hair health manifesting in several ways, including skin barrier, hair retention, healthy hair appearance and scalp sensation. We previously linked markers of oxidative damage to dandruff and skin barrier impairment and have linked key anti-dandruff technologies to the resolution of these issues. Here we expand the therapeutic space demonstrating many botanical extracts offer protective benefits against ROS stress via both chemical and biological antioxidant mechanisms. Chemical antioxidant activity of 10 botanical extracts was measured using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and biological antioxidant activity was measured using a Nrf-2 cell assay. A three-dimensional human keratinocyte skin equivalent model from MatTek was used to measure efficacy of reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) from both the botanicals added as a solution and from a shampoo product. A 4-week consumer study with 56 panels was conducted with a leave-on treatment containing a botanical extract. Measurement of the oxidized lipids (9 and 13-Hydroxy-10E 12Z-octadecadienoic acid, HODE) extracted from scalp tape strips was made using gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). We demonstrated invitro that many botanical extracts exert antioxidant activity by quenching radicals in ORAC testing as well as activating biological antioxidant pathways via nrf-2 up-regulation in a cellular reporter system. Furthermore, we demonstrate these antioxidant activities for these botanicals in 3D skin models and ultimately show the reduction of lipid oxidation products in a consumer use context with a rosemary extract. Improved scalp condition can be achieved with incorporation of botanicals having the potential to exert antioxidant activity in hair/scalp care products.

Predictive Modeling and Adsorption Behavior, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Studies of &lt;i&gt;Anthocleista grandiflora &lt;/i&gt;Leaf Extract for Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Seawater

This study investigates the corrosion inhibition performance of Anthocleista grandiflora leaf (AGL) extract on carbon steel in seawater, considering the effects of temperature, immersion time, and inhibitor concentration. Predictive modeling, adsorption behavior, and the kinetics and thermodynamics of the inhibition process were examined. The weight loss technique,characterization techniques combined with response surface methodology (RSM), revealed that the AGL extract follows the Langmuir adsorption model, exhibiting physical adsorption with ΔG values between −16.24 to −15.49kJ/mol, indicating spontaneous and endothermic inhibition. The thermodynamic parameters entropy (−198.87 to −52.58 J/mol), enthalpy (20.42 to 53.42 kJ/mol), and activation energy (13.68 to 56.32 kJ/mol further support this. The corrosion reaction follows first-order kinetics, with the half-life decreasing as the rate constant and extract concentration increase.The SEM images revealed that the AGL extract formed a protective surface layer on the mild steel, effectively preventing pitting. This protective effect became more pronounced as the concentration of the extract increased. RSM optimization identified optimal conditions for maximum inhibition efficiency (98.70%) and corrosion rate (0.058 mm/y) at 800 ppm, 303 K, and 45 days, with a prediction accuracy of 95%, making it suitable for application in the oil and gas industry.

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Synergistic Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oil of Dimetia hedyotidea

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Synergistic Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oil of Dimetia hedyotidea

Effects of Fly Ash Particle Size and Chemical Activators on the Hydration of High-Volume Fly Ash Mortars

This study investigated the effects of the fly ash (FA) particle size and chemical activators on the hydration reactions of high-volume fly ash (HVFA) cement pastes and the mechanical properties of HVFA mortars, with five types of FA with varying proportions of particles smaller than 10 μm prepared to assess the influence of particle size. In addition, the effect of chemical admixtures on the early-age hydration of the HVFA cement paste was evaluated. Quartz powder with the same fineness as that of normal FA was prepared to specifically examine the pozzolanic reaction of FA. The hydration reactions of the HVFA cement pastes were analyzed using isothermal calorimetry to measure the heat of hydration for 72 h. The results showed that an increase in the contents of FA particles with a diameter lower than 10 μm increases specific heat flow. Chemical activators, including Na2SO4, triethanolamine (TEA), and triisopropanolamine (TIPA), promote early-age hydration of HVFA cement pastes. The mechanical properties of the HVFA mortar were evaluated by measuring its compressive strength at 3 d, 7 d, and 28 d, with the findings revealing that the compressive strength of HVFA mortar improved with an increased proportion of FA particles smaller than 10 μm. Na2SO4, TEA, and TIPA consistently increased the compressive strength of the HVFA mortars.

Chemical Composition, Biological Activity, and Application of Rosa damascena Essential Oil as an Antimicrobial Agent in Minimally Processed Eggplant Inoculated with Salmonella enterica

Rosa damascena is mostly grown for its usage in the food, medical, and perfume industries, while it is also used as an attractive plant in parks, gardens, and homes. The use of R. damascena essential oil may yield new results in relation to the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their use mainly in extending the shelf life of foods. This study investigates the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Rosa damascena essential oil (RDEO) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various bioassays to explore its potential applications in food preservation and microorganism growth control. The GC-MS analysis revealed that RDEO is predominantly composed of phenylethyl alcohol (70%), which is known for its antimicrobial and aromatic properties. Additionally, other significant constituents were identified, including nerol, citronellol, and geraniol, which may contribute to the EOs overall bioactivity. The antimicrobial activity was assessed through the minimal inhibition concentration against five Candida yeast strains, four Gram-positive, and four Gram-negative bacteria, including biofilm-forming Salmonella enterica. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) revealed the strongest effects of RDEO’s on Gram-negative species, with MIC50 values as low as 0.250 mg/mL for S. enterica. Moreover, an in situ assessment utilizing fruit and vegetable models demonstrated that the vapor phase of RDEO significantly suppressed microbial growth, with the most substantial reductions observed on kiwi and banana models. As a result of our study, the antimicrobial effect of RDEO on the microbiota of sous vide processed eggplant was detected, as well as an inhibitory effect on S. enterica during storage. The insecticidal activity against Megabruchidius dorsalis Fahreus, 1839, was also studied in this work and the best insecticidal activity was found at the highest concentrations. These results suggest that RDEO has the potential to serve as a natural antimicrobial agent in food preservation and safety applications, providing an alternative to synthetic preservatives.

Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Benzofuran‐3(2H)‐Ones to α,β‐Unsaturated Thioamides: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Rocaglaol

AbstractRocaglaol, a representative flavagline, has attracted significant attention because of its unique chemical structure and biological activities. This paper reports a mild and scalable copper‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones to α,β‐unsaturated thioamides. This method allows for the concise synthesis of all possible stereoisomers of a key intermediate of rocaglaol and its derivatives in a highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective manner using different chiral phosphine ligands. Theoretical insights into the reaction mechanism and the origin of ligand‐dependent diastereodivergence were obtained using density functional theory calculations.

Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Benzofuran-3(2H)-Ones to α,β-Unsaturated Thioamides: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Rocaglaol.

Rocaglaol, a representative flavagline, has attracted significant attention because of its unique chemical structure and biological activities. This paper reports a mild and scalable copper-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of benzofuran-3(2H)-ones to α,β-unsaturated thioamides. This method allows for the concise synthesis of all possible stereoisomers of a key intermediate of rocaglaol and its derivatives in a highly diastereo- and enantioselective manner using different chiral phosphine ligands. Theoretical insights into the reaction mechanism and the origin of ligand-dependent diastereodivergence were obtained using density functional theory calculations.