Chelyabinsk District Research Articles

ОБЗОР СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ ВЫЯВЛЯЕМОСТИ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ ОРГАНОВ ПОЛОСТИ РТА

Subject: malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, primary detectability, appeal to specialists, terms of treatment before hospitalization.
 Objective: based on a five-year analysis of the medical records of patients with a verified diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity, to identify significant criteria for primary diagnosis, doctors of the first contact, including non-cancer profile.
 Methodology. Malignant neoplasms occupy one of the leading places among all medical and social problems. This is due to a number of reasons, among which are particularly high rates of morbidity and mortality, late treatment of patients and frequent disability. the Purpose of early detection of malignant tumors of the oral cavity is to increase the effectiveness and radicality of treatment, increase the possibility of dental rehabilitation, reduction of disability. To write this article, we conducted a five-year analysis of the primary detection of malignant tumors of the oral cavity in 76 patients hospitalized for treatment in the head and neck Department of the Chelyabinsk district Oncology center. All patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis. Everyone needs specialized anti-tumor treatment. In addition to standard diagnostic procedures, all patients were surveyed on the issues of primary complaints and appeals to medical specialists.
 Results. On the example of the received questionnaires as well as the standard medical examinations conducted upon admission to the head and neck Department, the trends of the primary referral of patients to primary contact doctors, the terms of treatment before referral to a specialized oncological institution, the stage of the process and the presence of metastasis of the primary focus during treatment, the presence of aggravating factors are analyzed. 
 Conclusions. The results for the five-year period in patients with primary malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity were evaluated, practical recommendations on clinically significant symptoms of malignant tumors of the oral cavity, orientation on the timing of observation were given.

Allanite-(Nd) from Sapfirinovaya Pit, Southern Urals: First Find in Russia

Allanite-(Nd) (Ca1.20Mn0.02Nd 0.33Ce 0.21Sm 0.07Pr 0.06La0.03Gd0.02Y0.01) Σ1.95(Al1.94 Fe2+Fe3+0.42Mg0.08Sc0.06Ti0.01)Σ2.97[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) was found frst in Russia as black crystals and grains up to 0.12 mm in size in a sapphirine-bearing rock of the Sapfrinovaya pit, near settlement of Tayginka in Kyshtym area of Chelyabinsk district, Southern Urals. According to strong bands of Raman spectrum of alla-nite-(Nd) (106, 205, 283, 321, 385, 444, 495, 568, 688, 874, 970, 1051 cm-1), it belongs to the allanite group of the epidote supergroup. Allanite-(Nd) is associated with davidite-(се) and monazite-(Nd) (frst fnds in Southern Urals).

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CANCER MORTALITY RATE IN THE POPULATION EXPOSED TO ACCIDENTS AT MAYAK PRODUCTION

Radioactive pollution of the territory of the Chelyabinsk district is significantly determined by accidents happened at the largest nuclear industry enterprise - Mayak Production Association related to the waste disposal of radioactive fluids into the Techa River due to the accident of 1957 and the spread of the dusty radioactive clay from the Karachay lake with the wind. We executed a selective retrospective epidemiologic study of the mortality rate in the population residing in five districts (Argayashsky, Kaslinsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Kunashaksky, Sosnovsky), and two cities - Kasli and Kyshtym (all of them are located in the Chelyabinsk region), exposed to atmospheric and liquid radioactive wastes. In the administrative districts, those were inhabited only in settlements located within the zone of the intensive radioactive pollution were studied. The source of information about the cases of death was the official death records provided by the Office of Vital Records of the Chelyabinsk region for the time period of 1947-1996. As a whole about 135 thousand death records were considered. The gain in the cancer mortality rate was noted for both males and females in cities of Kyshtym and Kasli. In 1950-60s the highest mortality rate indices were typical for the population of Kasli, and in 1960-70-s - for Kyshtym. A two-fold gain in the cancer mortality rate was noted in districts of Chelyabinsk region suffered from the accidents. Practically the permanent excess of estimated benchmarks was noted in Argayashsky and Kaslinski districts and during some periods in Krasnoarmeisky and Sosnovsky districts. In the city of Kasli, Kaslinsky, Argayashsky and Krasnoarmeisky districts the rise in the mortality rate was noted already from the beginning of 1950s and was twice or more as much. The increase in the cancer mortality rate among the population of both genders is sufficiently determined by the growth of age coefficients (in ages of 60-69 and 70 years and older). The coefficient of the cancer mortality rate decreases progressively to the distance from Mayak Production Association.

Курганы Кантуба-2 в Южном Зауралье

The article is devoted to the publication of the results of the excavation of the three Kantuba -2 burial mounds in the Uchali District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The burials in Mounds 1 and 3 contain the remains of cremation accompanied by clay vessels. The vessels combine the features of the Alakul and Fedorovka cultures of the Late Bronze Age. The syncretic Alakul’-Fedorovka burials have only been found in and near the Chelyabinsk District. The materials of the Kantuba-2 burials make it possible to pre-allocate one more zone of the Alakul’-Fedorovka archaeological sites: the Eastern slopes of the Uraltau ridge. In the later period a Muslim cemetery was located over the mounds of the Kantuba-2 burials. We investigated seven burials performed according to Muslim rites with some deviations which are the remnants of paganism. They are the construction of a mound over the burial (Mound 2), the absence of a side niche, a bead found in one burial. The Muslim cemetery belongs to the Bashkirs and dates to a historic period close to modern time.

ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ ПОЛОСТИ РТА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯМИ ОРОФАРИНГЕАЛЬНОЙ ЗОНЫ

The summary Following the analysis of the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors, the article highlights the below issues: the oropharyngeal neoplasms morbidity rate, the said diseases???caused mortality rate and the ratio of this area cancer stage to the disease diagnosis. For the research purposes 586 patients of the Chelyabinsk district oncological dispensary were examined to evaluate the influence of oral cavity hygiene on the tumorigenesis of the oropharyngeal area. The patients were examined through traditional methods of stomatological surveying, determining the oral hygiene index and the CFE index; there was assessed the patients’ ability and willingness to carry out their own oral care. The analysis of the said patients’ primary appealability to various specialist areas doctors was performed; the conclusions were drawn as to the level of oral cavity hygiene in the patients having oropharyngeal neoplasms, as well as the general medical condition of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity, frequency and timeliness of visiting the dentist.

A115: Epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity and pharynx in the territory of the Chelyabinsk region

The Chelyabinsk region is a classic example of the technologically-saturated region. The index of pollution of atmospheric air is estimated as high. The Chelyabinsk region is among the areas of increased cancer risk. The incidence of head and neck cancer is steadily increasing, accounting for 20–25% of all cancer cases in Russia. Oropharyngeal cancer makes up 5.1% of all cancers. Materials and methods The object of the study was the population of the Chelyabinsk region. The analysis was conducted according to the materials of the annual reports of the statistics department of the Chelyabinsk district oncology dispensary. Results Out of the total cancer cases for the population of Chelyabinsk region in 2014, oro-pharyngeal cancer comprised 2.06%, including cancers of the lip (0.35%), tongue (0.47%), major salivary glands (0.22%), other unspecified parts of the mouth (0.52%), oropharynx (0.33%), nasopharynx (0.1%) and hypopharynx (0.07%). From 2008 to 2014, the incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancer among adult population of Chelyabinsk city and Chelyabinsk region showed an 8.8% increase. In the period from 2011 to 2014, the incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancer tended to increase, the overall rise being 71.8%. It should be noted that the oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence was 3 times higher in males than in females in 2013 and 2 times higher in 2014. One of the main indicators that determine the prognosis for the development of cancer, is the extent of tumor at time of diagnosis. Out of the total cancer cases for the population of Chelyabinsk region in 2014, cancer of the oral cavity comprised 1.33%, pharyngeal cancer 0.6%, lip cancer 0.13%, ranking the 17th, 19th and 24th place respectively among the causes of death from all cancers. Analyzing the dynamics of mortality from cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx during the study period, it was revealed that the mortality rate increased by 0.7%. Conclusion Head and neck tumors are a rare group of clinically and biologically diverse neoplastic diseases. Among the residents of the Chelyabinsk region, men are 2–3 times more susceptible to cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx than women. High mortality rate is due to late referral of patients to specialized clinics; most head and neck cancer patients are diagnosed at advanced stages.

Spessartine-Andradite In Scapolite Pegmatite, Ilmeny Mountains, Russia

An unusual garnet representing a solid solution of spessartine, andradite, and almandine was found in pit no. 287, Ilmeny Mountains (Ilmeny Reserve, Chelyabinsk district, Russia). The garnet occurs in a diopside-quartz-scapolite vein cutting a scapolite-diopside rock which occurs at the contact between a calcite-dolomite carbonatite and pyroxene-scapolite glimmerite. Mossbauer spectroscopy of the garnet indicates ca .46% Fe presentas Fe3+. The chemical composition of the garnet is (wt.%): SiO2 35.45, TiO2 0.91, Al2O3 16.54, Fe2O3 7.52, FeO 7.69, MnO 18.87, MgO 0.81, CaO 11.62, Y2O3 0.99, total 100.40. Its Raman and IR-spectra strongly resemble those of other Mn-rich garnets (especially calderite) and therefore they should not be used as a sole analytical technique in garnet species identification. The solid solution of andradite and spessartine is known under the acronym “spandite” in old literature.

ОЦЕНКА СОХРАННОСТИ И ЖИЗНЕСПОСОБНОСТИ ЦЫПЛЯТ ПО ФОСФОЛИПИДНОМУ ПРОФИЛЮ КРОВИ

A problem of health monitoring and viability in chickens is still being one of the most actual. The lipids as energetic substrates and components of cell membranes are necessary for maintaining viability and could indicate changes in the tissues and organs under stress and pathology, but the data on biological function of phospholipids are still limited. Nevertheless, their role in animal adaptation and homeostasis, blood rheology, hepatoprotection, regeneration was reported. The balance between blood phospholipids, which are the main components of cell membranes in different organs or in the nervous tissue mainly, is dramatic with regard to the accordance in chicken growth and development of nervous system, affecting the viability. In 1, 7, 23 и 42 days aged broiler chickens ISA-15 Hubbard F 15 from a poultry farm in Chelyabinsk district we showed age-related changes in the specific patterns of different classes of blood phospholipids and their relation to viability. In particular, a dynamics of kephalins is possibly depends on a functional activity of hart-vascular system and liver and coincides with the «critical» periods in broilers' ontogenesis (7 and 23 days) under rearing at the poultry farms. To estimate the mode of blood phospholipids utilization for membranes formation, we suggest a formula for calculation of phospholipids index (PI). This PI may be used in the control of chicken physiological status during rearing to correct the feeding and technological schemes properly and also to select the highly viable individuals.

Kaolins and sericities of the Plast kaolin-bearing region, Chelyabinsk district

Necessity to increase economic reserves of kaolin in the Russian Federation stimulated us to examine perspectives of the Plast kaolin-bearing region in the southern Urals located 80 km south of Chelyabinsk. This region includes occurrences and differently explored eluvial kaolin deposits, including the largest currently mined Zhuravlinyi Log deposit. The sericite-bearing kaolin and sericitite are considered a potential source of fine-flaky light mica. It is expected that specialized geological exploration will expand mineral resources of kaolin in the Chelyabinsk district and the Ural federal region as a whole.

Refractory clays of the southern Berlinskoe deposit studied for technological application

Clays sampled from three core sites of the southern area of the Berlinskoe deposit (Chelyabinsk District, Russia) are analyzed for potential technological application. The clays containing 30.9 – 35.73% Al2O3 have a refractoriness of 1670 – 1690°C. The clays can be used as a binder for fabricating chamotte refractories (sample 1) and as a material component for building structures (samples 2 and 3).

Application of Petrological and Petrophysical Data for the Assessment of Radionuclide Retardation in Metavolcanites

ABSTRACTAn attempt was made to analyze the mechanism of the distribution of Sr and Cs isotopes depending upon petrochemical and petrophysical characteristics of metavolcanites of the basement forming the territory of the Production Association (PA) Mayak, Chelyabinsk District, Russia. It was found that radionuclide reterdation depends on the structure, density and mineralogy of intact rock.

Deformation Mechanism of Basic Rock During Long-Term Compression: Area of Hlw Repository Design, Chelyabinsk District, Russia

AbstractA combination of ultrasound, mechanical and petrographic results for long-term experimental compression of greenschist facies porphyritic andesite tuffs indicate a deformation mechanism that depends upon the mineral composition, textural-structural features of the rocks and the orientation of compression relative to the rock textures. Three dry samples of rock were investigated. Coaxial compression of a massive sample for 816 hours and a foliated sample for 1176 hours (pressure orthogonal to foliation) is characterized by solidification when the rocks are temporarily metastable. Compressive strength of the first sample is 850 kg/cm2 and of the second one, 800 kg/cm2. Experimentally, the rock behavior changes from a plastic to a brittle regime of deformation. In contrast, compression of the foliated sample parallel to foliation causes disintegration along the foliation within 480 hours without solidification. The rock is liable to brittle deformation and its compressive strength is 500 kg/cm2. These results may have implications for characterization of near-field processes in connection with numerous subhorizontal zones of schistosity within the strata that are targeted for underground disposal of high-level wastes (HLW) in the Mayak radiochemical complex area.