Many aspiring academics target a professorship, but only some succeed. This study examines academic market concentration and its consequences in a post-communist country. We analyzed the field of economic sciences over a 22-year period, combining official data on the appointment process with manually collected data on applicants’ publishing performance in the Czech Republic. Using correlation and linear regression analyses, we investigated whether the mobility of candidates for full professorships is related to their research productivity and research visibility. Our findings revealed low migration flows among both domestic and international institutions. This resulted in high rates of inbreeding and potentially negative consequences, including a greater focus on local journals and lower publication performance after appointment. On average, internal candidates produce more publications, but fewer of them are written in a foreign language. This renders them virtually non-existent to the international research community. After becoming professors, internal candidates are also more likely to reduce their publication performance. Implementing a national, performance-based research funding system has yielded favorable results, such as increased publication performance among candidates over time. These effects were significantly higher in the capital, driven by the top Czech university (Charles University). Despite significant policy reforms, Czech higher education still suffers from considerable path dependence. Government bodies should promote competition among higher education institutions through regulation and financing. We discuss several measures that would modify the existing competence promotion model and support the international competitiveness of the higher education sector.

Impact of primary CNS prophylaxis in high CNS-IPI DLBCL: Analysis from the czech national lymphoma registry

Abstract BACKGROUND Proteases are pivotal drivers of solid tumor progression, facilitating invasiveness and modulating immune responses. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 8 (ADAM8) is expressed by both tumor and diverse immune cell subsets and may regulate their migratory behavior. Although elevated ADAM8 levels have been reported in glioblastoma (GBM) and correlated with unfavorable prognosis, its specific role in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the cellular expression profile of ADAM8 on stromal cells in GBM and to investigate its functional impact on tumor growth and macrophage recruitment using an orthotopic murine GBM model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from human GBM (Darmanis et al., 2017; www.gbmseq.org) were analyzed to determine ADAM8 expression across different cell types. Additionally, scRNA-seq data from CD45⁺ immune cells (Antunes et al., 2021) were examined to assess Adam8 expression in immune subsets from healthy mouse brain and GL261 tumors. To evaluate the functional role of Adam8 in stromal cells, syngeneic GL261 glioma cells were implanted orthotopically into Adam8 wild-type (wt) and knock-out (ko) mice. After three weeks, tumor volume was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and analyzed with the Volumest plugin in ImageJ. Immune cell infiltration was evaluated via immunohistochemical staining for CD45 and F4/80 markers. RESULTS In human GBM, ADAM8 expression was primarily detected in myeloid cells. Analysis of murine CD45⁺ immune cells revealed cell type specific expression patterns of Adam8, with highest levels observed in dendritic cells and tumor-associated macrophages. In vivo, Adam8 ko mice exhibited significantly reduced tumor volumes compared to wt controls. Immunohistochemical analysis further demonstrated a decrease in F4/80⁺ macrophage infiltration in tumors from Adam8 ko mice. CONCLUSION ADAM8 is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells within the GBM microenvironment, particularly in dendritic cells and tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Loss of Adam8 in a murine model led to reduced tumor growth and macrophage infiltration, suggesting ADAM8’s role in GBM progression and its potential as a therapeutic target. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by the National Institute for Cancer Research (LX22NPO5102), the Center for Tumor Ecology (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000785), Charles University project GAUK 365022 and Cooperatio Program,,Oncology and Haematology”. Adam8 ko mice were a kind gift from professor Jörg W. Bartsch, Head of Neurosurgery Lab at Philipps University of Marburg.

The publication presents 13 letters of the outstanding Russian philosopher and pedagogue S.I. Hessen to his friend, the famous English educator N.A. Hans. Hessen’s letters are the most important source for his scientific biography of the first half of the 1930s. They reflect his intensive work on new books and articles for émigré periodicals, including the new journal “Russkaja Shkola”, and German, Polish, Czechoslovak, Serbian, Bulgarian, Italian philosophical and pedagogical editions. It allows us to assess the scope of his research activity and further plans, and the prospects for their realization in future publications. They contain detailed accounts of his personal problems, difficulties in obtaining a professorship at the Slavic Institute of Charles University in Prague, and a con­stant lack of money. The letters of this period are characterized with special depth of philosophical reflections on life, sharp criticism of present day policy, inner fortitude and optimism. Hessen discusses with Hans the details of revision of their manuscript on the Soviet educational policy (1933) for the German Beltz publishing house, the additions to chapters already written and the inclusion of new material. The special story is the fate of Hessen’s monograph “Moderne Pädagogik im Ausland”, which never reached the reader due to political circum­stances. The letters of 1933–1934 make it possible to trace how the scholar’s decision to move from Prague to Warsaw gradually took shape. The letter of 24 April 1933, one of the most striking anti-Nazi documents of the Russian emigration, is fundamentally important for Hessen’s understanding of the es­sence of Hitlerism and the catastrophic nature of the Nazi regime for Germany.

Abstract Background Health and care workforce (HCWF) migration increased globally and the HCWF crisis in high-income countries, armed conflicts and COVID-19 politics added new dynamics. These developments exacerbate inequalities between sending and receiving countries, challenging international regulations and calling for a critical reassessment of the Global Code and the promises of bilateral agreements and circular migration. HCWF migration flows not only accelerated and increased in numbers, the patterns also diversified, driven by novel multi-facetted push-and-pull factors. The Global South is emerging as the most important future source of the HCWF. Sub-Saharan Africa is a key example of how overproduction and unemployment of health and care workers (HCWs) accelerate dynamics that feed Europe's health systems while the national population is suffering from under-resourced and collapsing healthcare. Bilateral HCWF migration agreements between high- and middle-to-low income countries pretend to act ethically, but research evidence reveals unequal benefits for the receivers. Lastly, growing numbers of refugees trained as health professionals were fleeing armed conflicts, creating a pool of HCWs for Western countries. Ukraine refugees may illustrate how opportunities for effective integration in receiving countries may support individual needs and humanitarian rights as well as health system needs especially in neighbouring countries, but weaken the Ukrainian health system and cause long-term disadvantages. These changing migration patterns add novel needs and challenges to international regulations, making equity and ethical governance an even more urgent public health responsibility. Objectives This workshop aligns the needs of health systems in the Global South and in Ukraine as a country strongly affected by war and refugees with the needs of high-income countries, in particular, European Union member states. We argue for greater attention to international regulation and novel policy approaches. The panel is organised as moderated policy dialogue. It connects national and global/international perspectives, as well as EUPHA's HCWF expertise and ethics competencies. The discussion begins with three panellists providing expert insights into different HCWF migration scenarios, followed by reflections on ethical policy solutions, and capacity for international regulation lead by WHO. The workshop initiates dialogue and knowledge exchange to explore novel policy solutions for more equitable and ethically-grounded global HCWF governance. The recommendations emerging from the expert panel will be critically reflected and further explored in a moderated plenary discussion, providing ample time for discussion and integration of expertise from the audience. The workshop will strengthen EUPHA's advocacy for equity in healthcare and policy and build capacity for a resilient HCWF in Europe and globally. Key messages • Global health worker migration calls for a critical assessment of international regulations to improve equity and workforce resilience in sending and receiving countries. • Diverse migration scenarios require flexible transformative policy solutions to balance different needs of health systems, labour markets, and individual health workers ethically. Speakers/Panellists Pieternella Pieterse RCSI, Dublin, Ireland Julia Lohmann LMU Munich, Munich, Germany Zuzana Kotherová Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czechia Farhang Tahzib Faculty of Public Health, Haywards heath, UK

Introduction: Endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST), also known as Heff ner‘s tumor, is a rare, locally aggressive tumor arising from the endolymphatic sac or duct. ELST remains asymptomatic for a relatively long time. These tumors are usually dia gnosed based on clinical symptoms and imaging of the temporal bone using HRCT and MRI. Optimal treatment is radical surgical removal. Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of fi ve patients who underwent surgery between 2015 and 2021 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovské Vinohrady, with a histologically confi rmed dia gnosis of an endolymphatic sac tumor. Results: The initial symptom was hearing loss with tinnitus in three patients, rotational vertigo triggered by a loud sound in one female patient, and otalgia in one patient. Duration of symptoms from onset to dia gnosis ranged from 1.6 to 19 years (mean 10.3 years). Audiometric examination confi rmed hearing loss in all patients. Facial nerve palsy was reported in two patients‘ medical histories. The dia gnosis was suspected in four patients based on fi ndings from HRCT and MRI. In one female patient, the tumor was discovered during a surgical procedure performed for presumed chronic otitis media. Four tumors were treated via a transotic approach, and one via a modified translabyrinthine approach. All tumors were removed radically. Clinically and according to postoperative MRI, no recurrence of the dis ease was detected. Conclusion: Endolymphatic sac tumor is a rare low-grade malignancy. Its audiovestibular symptomatology may mimic Meniere’s dis ease. The presence of facial nerve or lower cranial nerve (IX– XII) palsies is a clear indication for imaging, which is crucial for dia gnosis. Imaging fi ndings of a destructive process in the temporal bone centered on the endolymphatic sac and posterior labyrinth on HRCT and/ or MRI are highly specifi c for ELST. Surgical treatment is the method of choice. Key words endolymphatic sac – endolymphatic sac tumor – temporal bone tumors – von Hippel-Lindau dis ease

IntroductionNumerous studies have highlighted the unmet needs in intimate and sexual relationships among patients with schizophrenia. Although research shows that patients with schizophrenia express a desire for romantic and sexual connections, they encounter difficulties in forming and sustaining these relationships. However, the underlying causes of deficits in sexual and romantic functioning remain unknown and unexplored.ObjectivesThe study aims to assess whether difficulties in forming intimate relationships could be connected to a decreased ability to interpret courtship signals.Methods49 male participants (36 patients, 13 controls) and 27 female participants (14 patients, 13 controls) were exposed to our experiment „Does she like me?” task. The task involves a video stimuli that depicts a woman/man displaying different nonverbal behaviors (rejection, courtship, and neutral attitude). Each participant evaluated the woman’s sexual interest/ man’s sexual interest on a nine-point scale. In addition, eye movements and pupil dilation were measured using the eye-tracking device Eyelink 1000plus. Patients and controls were compared on subjective report and psychophysiological eye tracking markers. For data analysis, we used Repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the control group and patients in their assessment of women´s interest (F (2, 94) = 1.28, p = 0.28, ηp2= 0.03) or men’s interest (F (2,50) = 0.24, p = 0.79, ηp2= 0.01). Also, there was no difference in average pupil size. However, while both groups correctly identified the nonverbal cues and responded accordingly (with the greatest assessments of interest for positive stimuli, lesser for neutral stimuli, and the least for negative stimuli), male patients on average tended to overestimate women’s interest in all conditions (positive, neutral, negative) compared to the control group.ConclusionsAccording to our results, the ability to interpret courtship signals does not differ significantly between patients and controls. However, male patients tend to overestimate women’s sexual interest on average, which may be one of the reasons why they face challenges in intimate relationships. Further research is needed to explore this.The study was supported by the Czech Health Research Council, no. NU21J-04-00024 and by the Charles University, Fac Med1, GAUK no. 56123.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Thie article briefly characterizes presentations of PhD students in electroanalytical chemistry at this cross-border seminar organized jointly by Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague and the Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors of the Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy of the University of Regensburg. On the basis of these presentation new trends in resent electroanalytical chemistry are discussed together with their application in different natural sciences and with their combination with different separation and spectrometric methods. Full text English translation is available in the on-line version.

In this article, the author tries to draw attention to the figure of the ethnographer, folklorist, writer, poet, translator, philosopher, archaeologist, and historian Fedor Potushniak, who in February of this year turned 115 years old and 65 years old since his death. Fedir Mykhailovych Potushnyak was a typical local intellectual with a dramatic fate in the tragic 20th century. Born into an ordinary rural Ruthenian family, he had good financial support from his parents, graduated from Charles University in Prague, taught for a short time, and became a conscious Ukrainophile. Despite his national-political views, the Hungarian government supported the educated intellectual, as a result of which F. Potushniak became a member of the Hungarian Royal Ethnographic Society and an employee of the state Subcarpathian Society of Sciences, which, together with the Hungarian authorities in 1941 – 1944, created an independent Ruthenian ethnic identity in the Subcarpathian territory, and from which, as early as the end of December 1944, he received a fee for his publications. A few months after being mobilized into the Hungarian army, F. Potushniak surrendered to Soviet captivity, after which, with the support of local communist friends P. Lintur and I. Kerchа, he was released from the prisoner of war camp and got a government job. The longest period of F. M. Potushnyak's life and work was associated with his work at the Faculty of History of Uzhhorod State University (1946 – 1960). During this time, the good scientist and favorite of students experienced different things: on the one hand, career growth - membership in the Union of Writers of the Ukrainian SSR and obtaining and maintaining the academic title of associate professor without the scientific degree of candidate of historical sciences, and on the other - constant public ideological harassment in anti-Sovietism and the labeling of "enemy of the people." The apogee with the fatal finale of the inhuman activities of several colleagues at the faculty and at the university was the so-called "Kushnir case" at the turn of 1959 – 1960, during which the "sexots" Wolfson, Mezhberg, Chubukov and other "good guys" achieved their goal: F. Potushniak died prematurely, not reaching the age of 50… Fedor Potushnyak left behind a solid scientific legacy: the bibliography of his works includes 267 items. Of these, more than 100 of the highest quality studies in terms of content were written and published during the Hungarian period of the scientist's life and work, when he was a member of the Hungarian Ethnographic Society and a PON employee. F. Potushnyak became a victim (not the first and not the last) of his colleagues-"sexots", and the Faculty of History, where the ideological struggle with the "enemies of the people" never stopped, forever perpetuated the bad reputation of an intellectual environment where scores are settled with dissenters who did not want to keep up with the "general line" of the party, the authorities, the state, the titular nation…

The book “Czech Sport Migration: Push and Pull Variations Between Sports and Cultures”, authored by William Crossan and published by Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press, explores the diversity of sports migration across disciplines, linking it to cultural significance and the global sports hierarchy.

Introduction and Objective: Glycemia management early after liver transplantation (LTx) is challenging due to patients' critical state and corticoid therapy. We evaluated the impact of actively used real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glycemic control in LTx recipients at postoperative ICU in a prospective randomized trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT05585801). Methods: LTx recipients were randomized to wearing an open-labelled or blinded CGM (Dexcom G6) added to standard care, placed in the infraclavicular region immediately after surgery. Data from the open-labelled CGM were used to adjust insulin therapy; blinded CGM data served as controls. Primary endpoint was > 7.5% difference in time in the target range 6-10 mmol/l. Results: We included 154 patients, 12 were excluded due to technical failures (6 from each arm), 142 patients were evaluated (active CGM n=82, control n=60), 28% with diabetes. All required vasopressors, mechanical ventilation and intravenous insulin therapy after transplantation. Patients with actively used CGM spent significantly more time in the target range compared to the control group (68.5% vs. 60.3%, p=0.003), meeting the primary endpoint, and significantly less time in level 1 hyperglycemia, see Table 1. Conclusion: Active use of CGM added to standard therapy significantly improved glycemic control in patients in critical state early after liver transplantation. Disclosure B. Hagerf (Voglová): None. M. Protus: None. L. Nemetova: None. M. Mraz: None. P. Girman: Speaker's Bureau; Neovii. M. Haluzik: Research Support; Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk, Abbott. Advisory Panel; AstraZeneca. Speaker's Bureau; GlaxoSmithKline plc, Amgen Inc. Advisory Panel; Bausch Health. J. Franekova: None. A. Jabor: None. E. Kieslichova: None. Funding CarDia (Programme EXCELES, Project No. LX22NPO5104); Funded by the European Union; Next Generation EUCooperatio Program, Charles University in Prague

ABSTRACTBackgroundOne option to objectively monitor patient stress response is to measure parasympathetic nervous system tone using respiratory arrhythmia analysis. The Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation (NIPE) Index has been developed for children younger than 2 years of age, and reliability has been confirmed by several studies.AimsThe aim of this study is to determine whether this method is also applicable to older children.MethodsPatients aged 3–18 years, admitted to the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, were included in this study. NIPE monitoring was provided on patients with airways secured by endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. NIPE values were recorded before endotracheal suctioning, 1 min after the start, and 5 min after the end of suctioning. Subsequently, the averages of the values were analyzed using ANOVA and the Scheffé test. Along with the NIPE value, changes in hemodynamic parameters were monitored during the suction, and the results of both methods were compared.ResultsThe NIPE value during endotracheal suctioning was significantly lower, with an average reduction of 13.4 points on a 100‐point scale, and returned to baseline 5 min after suctioning ended. No significant changes in hemodynamic parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) were observed, either in the whole group of patients or in the group not receiving catecholamine support.ConclusionsThe NIPE index detects the stress response to endotracheal suctioning in children older than 3 years and is more sensitive than hemodynamic parameters, regardless of catecholamine therapy.

The historical region around the town of Hlučín (Hultschin, Hulczyn), today in the Czech Republic and previously in Germany, is a space in which representations of national indifference as a principle of social organization are still discernible on many levels. One of the most obvious examples is the celebration of Veterans Day (11 November), including a multilayered commemorative ceremony and a military reenactment performance which defy the usual allegiance to discourses of 1945 “liberation” and the Czech-German historical antagonism. The current oral history project on the contemporary history and culture of military reenactment in the Czech lands, carried out at the Faculty of Humanities at Charles University in Prague, has, among other things, explored the military reenactment in the Hlučín region. This article reveals the complex context and structures of meaning of the annual Veterans Day performance in the region, which refers to various historical and contemporary cultural discourses.

Introduction: Adipocyte hypoxia has been recognized as a key contributor to the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity. However, the molecular pathways involved remain insufficiently characterized. Cytosolic calcium (Ca 2+ ) is a crucial regulator of adipocyte metabolism, influencing adipogenesis, lipid storage, and lipolysis. Despite this, the mechanisms governing Ca 2+ homeostasis and the functional roles of plasma membrane calcium transporters under hypoxic conditions remain largely unexplored. This study examines how hypoxia influences the gene expression of plasma membrane calcium transporters in murine and human adipocytes. Additionally, it evaluates the role of the calcium channel TRPV1 in adipocyte function under low-oxygen conditions. Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes and maintained under either normoxic (21% O 2 ) or hypoxic (4% O 2 ) conditions for 14 days. Human adipose tissue samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with sleep apnea syndrome. Gene expression profiling targeted 42 plasma membrane calcium transporters. The involvement of TRPV1 was further investigated by treating hypoxia-exposed adipocytes with either a TRPV1 agonist (1 µM capsaicin) or antagonist (1 µM capsazepine) over the 14-day period. Lipid accumulation, gene expression, and lipolysis were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test or two-way ANOVA, with data presented as means ± SD (N=6). Results: Hypoxia induced significant alterations in the expression of calcium transporters in both murine and human adipocytes. Among these, TRPV1 exhibited the most pronounced response, with a 30-fold reduction in gene expression under hypoxia (1.02 ± 0.08 -fold to 0.03 ± 0.01 -fold, p<0.001) relative to normoxic conditions. Pharmacological modulation of TRPV1 during hypoxia influenced lipid metabolism: activation via capsaicin reduced lipid accumulation by 5% (1.89 ± 0.02 to 1.79 ± 0.02 OD 492nm , p<0.01), whereas inhibition with capsazepine increased lipid content by 8% (1.89 ± 0.02 to 2.05 ± 0.01 OD 492nm , p < 0.05). Additionally, capsazepine-mediated TRPV1 inhibition resulted in a 35% upregulation of FASN expression under hypoxia, consistent with the observed lipid accumulation. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hypoxia strongly suppresses TRPV1 expression, potentially altering calcium signaling pathways in adipocytes. Pharmacological modulation of TRPV1 activity directly impacts lipid accumulation, suggesting TRPV1 as a promising target for metabolic regulation in adipose tissue. Future research will explore its role in lipolysis and mitochondrial function to further elucidate its contribution to hypoxia-driven metabolic adaptations. Supported by Charles University GAUK 294822 and Cooperatio; National Institute for Research of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases programme Exceles No. LX22NPO5104 This abstract was presented at the American Physiology Summit 2025 and is only available in HTML format. There is no downloadable file or PDF version. The Physiology editorial board was not involved in the peer review process.

Abstract The new CUBES (Charles University Beamline for Electron Spectroscopy) beamline will be installed at Elettra 2.0 and will substitute the existing Material Science beamline. The energy range spans from 20 to 1500 eV (with a possible extension to 1800-2000 eV). The FWHM bandwidth is 100 meV in the range 20 eV - 200 eV. From 200 eV to 1500 eV the FWHM bandwidth gradually increases to 500 meV. Depending on the selected energy, the spot size on the sample varies from 0.2 mm to <1 mm. The optical design of CUBES is described in this paper.

Objective: To evaluate the safety, adequacy, and accuracy of tru-cut biopsy of gynaecologic tumours in a population of Czech women. Methods: A four-year retrospective study of ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsy of gynaecologic tumours was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. Results: One hundred and four women with gynaecologic tumours underwent transvaginal tru-cut biopsy within the study period. The most common indication for tru-cut biopsy in more than one-half of the women was a suspicion of malignancy/inability to exclude malignancy (59, 56.7%). Most of the tumours were malignant on histopathological examination (71, 68.3%), with advanced ovarian cancer being the most common type of malignancy (43/71, 60.6%). The overall adequacy and accuracy rates of tru-cut biopsy were 93.3% and 93.3%, respectively. Most of the inadequate samples were obtained from overweight and obese women (5/7, 71.4%), with only one biopsy sample taken in the majority of the inadequate biopsies (5/7, 71.4%). Accuracy was higher for malignant than benign tumours (97.7% vs. 82.4%). For malignant tumours, accuracy was highest for advanced ovarian cancers (33/40, 82.5%). Only one case was complicated by bleeding, giving an overall complication rate of 1%. The complicated biopsy was taken by a gynae-oncology trainee. Conclusions: Tru-cut biopsy is a cost-effective and safe preoperative diagnostic modality for patients with gynaecologic tumours, offering high adequacy and accuracy. It is particularly useful in patients with advanced ovarian cancer, most of whom present late with inoperable tumours that contraindicate primary surgery.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The molecular hybridization of three pharmacophores—benzothiazole, cyclobut-2-ene-1, 2-dione, and hydrazone—has led to the development of novel compounds with diverse biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Among these, certain derivatives demonstrated potent and selective anticancer activity, particularly in CCRF-CEM and HCT116 cell lines. Some derivatives also emitted green fluorescence, enabling organelle-specific imaging by fluorescence microscopy. In U2OS cells, these fluorescent derivatives induced cytoplasmic vacuolization within 24 hours, suggesting a non-apoptotic cell death mechanism consistent with oncosis, characterized by energy depletion, increased membrane permeability, organelle swelling, and protein denaturation. METHODS: Various microscopy techniques were employed to explore the fluorescent features of target organelles in U2OS cells. Compound 6, with its stable green fluorescence, was selected for detailed analysis. Mitochondria were visualized using MitoTracker dye, with colocalization assessed via Pearson correlation. Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using TMRM dye, which accumulates only in cells with intact membrane potential. Endoplasmic reticulum colocalization with cytoplasmic vacuoles was analyzed using mCherry-tagged calreticulin in a recombinant U2OS cell line. Lysosomal integrity and vacuole colocalization were examined with LysoTracker dye. To determine if cytoplasmic vacuolization is depended on caspase activation, cells were treated with compound 6 in the presence or absence of the pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, and caspase-3/PARP-1 cleavage was assessed by Western blot. The FUCCI reporter system was used for cell cycle analysis. RESULTS: Compound 6 strongly colocalized with mitochondria and induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ER vacuolization, and oncosis-like non-apoptotic cell death. This suggests that compound 6 exerts anticancer effects by targeting multiple cellular compartments, involving ER stress and mitochondrial disruption. The oncosis-like pathway is significant as it may bypass apoptosis resistance, a key hurdle in cancer therapy. Additionally, compound 6 reduced LysoTracker staining, indicating lysosomal dysfunction. Cell cycle analysis revealed a concentration-dependent G2/M arrest, further supporting its anticancer efficacy. ACKNOWLDEDGEMENT: This work was supported by the Technology agency of the Czech Republic project PERMED: T2BA (TN02000109) and the National Institute for Cancer Research (Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5102). Infrastructure was supported by projects CZ-OPENSCREEN (LM2023052) and EATRIS-CZ (LM2023053). We also acknowledge support from Charles University projects [SVV260637; SVV260521; UNCE 204064; Cooperation ONCO] and IGA_LF_2024_038. Citation Format: Alzbeta Srovnalova, Robert Kakplanek, Zdenek Kejlik, Jan Hajduch, Pavel Martasek, Josef Srovnal, Sona Gurska, Katerina Jecmenova, Petr Dzubak, Marian Hajduch, Milan Jakubek. Oncosis-inudcing hydrazones complexes with selective anticancer activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 2825.

This case study investigates the first active shooter incident in a Czech higher education institution, which occurred at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University, in December 2023. The study aims to analyse the causes, course, and consequences of the attack, focusing on systemic and operational deficiencies in security measures and crisis response. Using qualitative research methods, including document analysis, forensic investigations, and interviews, the study identifies gaps in interagency communication, firearms regulations, and mental health monitoring. The key findings emphasise the need for legislative reforms, enhanced early warning systems, and integrated security technologies. The study contributes to the broader discourse on preventing mass violence in educational settings, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers, law enforcement, and institutional administratorsStreszczenieNiniejsze studium przypadku analizuje pierwszy incydent aktywnego strzelca w czeskiej instytucji szkolnictwa wyższego, który miał miejsce na Wydziale Sztuki Uniwersytetu Karola w grudniu 2023 roku. Badanie ma na celu analizę przyczyn, przebiegu i konsekwencji ataku, koncentrując się na niedociągnięciach systemowych i operacyjnych w zakresie środków bezpieczeństwa i reagowania kryzysowego. Wykorzystując jakościowe metody badawcze, w tym analizę dokumentów, badania kryminalistyczne i wywiady, badanie identyfikuje luki w komunikacji międzyagencyjnej, przepisach dotyczących broni palnej i monitorowaniu zdrowia psychicznego. Kluczowe ustalenia podkreślają potrzebę reform legislacyjnych, ulepszonych systemów wczesnego ostrzegania i zintegrowanych technologii bezpieczeństwa. Badanie przyczynia się do szerszego dyskursu na temat zapobiegania masowej przemocy w placówkach edukacyjnych, oferując praktyczne zalecenia dla decydentów, organów ścigania i administratorów instytucjiZusammenfassungVorliegende Fallstudie behandelt den ersten Vorfall eines Amoklaufs an einer tschechischen Hochschule, der sich im Dezember 2023 an der Kunstfakultät der Karlsuniversität ereignete. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Ursachen, den Verlauf und die Folgen des Angriffs zu untersuchen, mit Schwerpunkt auf systemischen und operativen Mängeln in Bezug auf die Sicherheitsmaßnahmen und Krisenreaktion. Mithilfe qualitativer Forschungsmethoden, einschließlich der Dokumentenanalyse, forensischer Untersuchungen und Interviews, zeigt die Studie Lücken in der behördenübergreifenden Kommunikation, der Schusswaffengesetzgebung und der Überwachung der psychischen Gesundheit auf . Die Schlüsselergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit von Gesetzesreformen, verbesserten Frühwarnsystemen und integrierten Sicherheitstechnologien. Die Studie leistet ebenfalls einen Beitrag zu einem breiteren Diskurs über die Verhinderung von Massengewalt in Bildungseinrichtungen und bietet umsetzbare Empfehlungen für politische Entscheidungsträger, Strafverfolgungsbehörden und Verwalter von BildungseinrichtungenРезюмеВ настоящем исследовании рассматривается первый инцидент с активным стрелком в чешском высшем учебном заведении, который произошёл в здании Карлова университета на Факультете искусств в декабре 2023 года. Целью исследования является анализ причин, хода и последствий этого нападения, уделяя особое внимание системным и оперативным недостаткам в сфере обеспечения мер безопасности и реагирования на чрезвычайные ситуации. Используя качественные методы исследования, включая анализ документов, экспертизы и интервью, настоящее исследование позволяет выявить недостатки в межведомственном взаимодействии, правовых актах, касающихся огнестрельного оружия, и мониторинге психического здоровья. Ключевые данные подчеркивают необходимость законодательных реформ, совершенствования систем раннего предупреждения и интегрированных технологий в области безопасности. Данная работа способствует расширению дискуссии о предотвращении массового насилия в образовательных учреждениях, предлагая практические рекомендации для лиц, принимающих решения, правоохранительных органов и администраторов учреждений

The article summarizes the scientific and socio-economic impact of the works of Prof. Michael Grätzel, currently the most cited chemist in the world. Prof. Grätzel is the author of key publications in the field of molecular photovoltaics, mesoscopic semiconductors, dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells, solar fuel production, and the development of nanomaterials for Li-ion batteries. For these achievements, as well as for his long-term active collaboration with Czech scientists, he was recently awarded the highest medal from the Czech Academy of Sciences, De scientia et humanitate optime meritis, the gold medal from Charles University, and an honorary doctorate (Dr. honoris causa) in natural sciences from Charles University. Full text English translation is available in the on-line version.

At the Occasion of the Metrohm Award 2025, the Department of Analytical Chemistry at the Faculty of Science of the Charles University Commemorated the Centenary of Its Foundation