Nuclear Size Research Articles

Contact interaction treatment of V→Pγ for light-quark mesons

The V→Pγ and η(η′)→γγ decays are evaluated within a Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations framework (here V={ρ±,K⋆±,ϕ} and P={π±,K±,η,η′}). The so-called impulse approximation (IA) is employed in the computation of the decay constants involved and decay widths, and so in the estimation of the associated charge and interaction radii. For their part, the required propagators and vertices stem from a contact interaction model, embedded within a beyond rainbow-ladder (RL) truncation that accounts for the typical ladder exchanges, quark anomalous magnetic moment, as well as the non-Abelian anomaly. While the examined transitions produce decay widths plainly compatible with the available experimental data, those processes involving the η−η′ mesons highlight the incompleteness of the IA when considering beyond RL effects in the interaction kernels. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The alpha particle charge radius, the radion and the proton radius puzzle

AbstractRecent measurements of the Lamb shift of muonic helium-4 ions were used to infer the alpha particle charge radius. The value found is compatible with the radius extracted from the analysis of the electron-helium scattering. Thus, the new spectroscopic data put additional empirical bounds on some free parameters of certain physics theories beyond the Standard Model. In this paper, we analyze the new data in the context of large extra-dimensional theories. Specifically, we calculate the influence of the radion, the scalar degree of freedom of the higher-dimensional gravity, on the energy difference between the 2S and 2P levels of this exotic atom. The radion field is related to fluctuations of the volume of the supplementary space. It should be treated as a phenomenologically independent quantity in relation to the tensorial degrees of freedom of the metric within the braneworld scenario. Based on the spectroscopic data of muonic helium, we find constraints for the effective energy scale of the radion as a function of the alpha particle radius. Then, we discuss the implications of these new constraints on the proton radius puzzle. We also establish a new empirical bound for the radion by examining its influence on the isotopic shift in the 2P-2S transition of muonic hydrogen and muonic deuteron. In connection with this discussion, we study the impact of the radion on the tension observed in measurements of the difference between the squared radii of the helion and alpha particle as extracted from muonic and electronic helium isotopes.

Abstract PR002: The clinical relevance of circulating tumor cell size in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a critical role in the metastatic process of cancer and are widely recognized as important biomarkers that provide valuable information related to tumor characteristics. While most research to date has focused on the biological markers and molecular properties of CTCs, their physical characteristics, particularly size, have been relatively underexplored. However, recent studies suggest that smaller CTCs exhibit enhanced tumor- initiating and metastatic abilities compared to larger CTCs. This indicates that CTC size is not merely a physical trait but may directly influence the invasiveness and metastatic potential of tumors. Such findings suggest that CTC size could be an important indicator for predicting tumor malignancy and provide a new perspective on understanding cancer progression and metastasis. As such, there is a growing emphasis on research that considers the size of CTCs. In this study, it was speculated whether CTC size holds clinical significance in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The study was involved with 20 HNSCC patients, analyzing the morphological characteristics of CTCs collected from blood samples before and after treatment, while exploring the potential for monitoring treatment response. Our results found that CTCs were detected 20% more frequently in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) patients compared to non-OPC patients. This is likely due to the rich vascularity in the oropharyngeal region, which may facilitate greater entry of CTCs into the bloodstream. Additionally, the cell size (23.9 μm in average) and nuclear size (16.4 μm in average) of HPV-positive patients were 32% and 10% larger, respectively, than those of HPV-negative patients (cell size: 18.1 μm; nuclear size: 12.60 μm). This suggests that the sizes of CTC and their nuclei may be associated with HPV status, which is presumed to be due to HPV causing disruptions in the cell cycle. In addition, we could successfully cultivate the CTCs obtained from HPV-positive patients with relatively smaller CTCs for 30 days, predicting that small CTCs have affordable for CTC culture. In conclusion, this study confirms that the physical characteristics of CTCs, particularly size, are linked to HPV infection status in HNSCC patients. CTC- and nucleus- size are closely related to tumor characteristics, demonstrating the potential for developing diagnostic and prognostic tools based on these physical traits. Although more in-depth research is required, poor prognosis in HPV- positive patients may also be related to the physical characteristics of CTCs. Citation Format: Hyeongjung Woo, Hyun Young Shin, So Yeon Oh, Sun Min Lee, Minseok S. Kim. The clinical relevance of circulating tumor cell size in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr PR002.

Spatial resolution of dijet photoproduction in near-encounter ultraperipheral nuclear collisions

We present next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions for inclusive dijet photoproduction in ultraperipheral nucleus-nucleus collisions (UPCs) within the impact-parameter dependent equivalent photon approximation. Taking into account the finite size of both the photon-emitting nucleus and the target nucleus, we show that this process is sensitive to the transverse-plane geometry of the UPC events. We show that this leads to a sizable, 20–40% effect for large values of the zγ variable in the dijet photoproduction cross section in lead-lead UPCs at 5.02 TeV compared to the widely used pointlike approximation where the nuclear radius is accounted for only as a sharp cutoff in the photon flux calculation. This resolution of the spatial degrees of freedom is a result of having high-transverse-momentum jets in the final state, which at the large-zγ kinematics requires a highly energetic photon in the initial state, thus biasing the collisions to small impact-parameter “near-encounter” configurations. We further discuss the role of the forward-neutron event-class selection in isolating the photonuclear cross section in the nucleus-nucleus collisions, and employ the needed electromagnetic breakup survival factor in our predictions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Cold nuclear matter effects on azimuthal decorrelation in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract The assumption of factorization lies at the core of calculations of medium effects on observables computable in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics. In this work we examine this assumption, for which we propose a setup to study hard processes and bulk nuclear matter in heavy-ion collisions on the same footing using the Glauber modelling of heavy nuclei. To exemplify this approach, we calculate the leading-order corrections to azimuthal decorrelation in Drell-Yan and boson-jet processes due to cold nuclear matter effects, not considering radiation. At leading order in both the hard momentum scale and the nuclear size, the impact-parameter dependent cross section is found to factorize for both processes. The factorization formula involves a convolution of the hard cross section with the medium-modified parton distributions, and, for boson-jet production, the medium-modified jet function.

Melanoma Cells from Different Patients Differ in Their Sensitivity to Alpha Radiation-Mediated Killing, Sensitivity Which Correlates with Cell Nuclei Area and Double Strand Breaks

Background/Objective: In this study, for the first time, we examined and compared the sensitivity of four patient-derived cutaneous melanoma cell lines to alpha radiation in vitro and analyzed it in view of cell nucleus area and the formation of double-strand breaks (DSB). Melanoma cells sensitivity to alpha radiation was compared to photon radiation effects. Furthermore, we compared the sensitivity of the melanoma cells to squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Human melanoma cell lines YDFR.C, DP.C, M12.C, and M16.C, and the squamous cell carcinoma cell line, CAL 27, were irradiated in vitro using Americium-241 as alpha-particle source. Cells were irradiated with doses of 0 to 2.8 gray (Gy). Cell viability, DNA DSB, and nuclear size were measured. Results: 1. Alpha radiation caused death and proliferation arrest of all four melanoma cell lines, but inter-tumor heterogeneity was observed. 2. The most sensitive cell line (DP.C) had a significantly larger nucleus area (408 µm2) and the highest mean number of DSB per cell (9.61) compared to more resistant cells. 3. The most resistant cell, M16.C, had a much lower nucleus area (236.99 µm2) and DSB per cell (6.9). 4. Alpha radiation was more lethal than photon radiation for all melanoma cells. 5. The SCC cell, CAL 27, was more sensitive to alpha radiation than all melanoma cells but had a similar number of DSB (6.67) and nucleus size (175.49 µm2) as the more resistant cells. 6. The cytotoxic effect of alpha radiation was not affected by proliferation arrest after serum starvation. 7. Killing of cells by alpha radiation was marginally elevated by ATR or topoisomerase 1 inhibition. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that various human melanoma cells can be killed by alpha radiation but exhibit variance in sensitivity to alpha radiation. Alpha radiation applied using the Intra-tumoral Diffusing alpha-emitters Radiation Therapy (Alpha DaRT) methodology may serve as an efficient treatment for human melanoma.

Mixing effects on spectroscopy and partonic observables of heavy mesons with logarithmic confining potential in a light-front quark model

Using the variational principle, we systematically investigate the mass spectra and wave functions of both 1S and 2S state heavy pseudoscalar (P) and vector (V) mesons within the light-front quark model. This approach incorporates a Coulomb plus logarithmic confinement potential to accurately describe the constituent quark and antiquark dynamics. Additionally, spin hyperfine interactions are introduced perturbatively to compute the masses of pseudoscalar and vector mesons. The present analyses of the 1S and 2S states require the consideration of mixing between them to account for empirical constraints. These constraints include the mass gap ΔMP>ΔMV, where ΔMP(V)=MP(V)2S−MP(V)1S and the hierarchy of the decay constants f1S>f2S. We find the optimal value of the mixing angle to be θ=18°, significantly enhancing the consistency between our spectroscopic predictions and the experimental data compiled by the Particle Data Group. Furthermore, based on the predicted mass, the newly observed resonance BJ(5840) could be assigned as a 21S0 state in the B meson family. The study also reports various pertinent observables, including twist-two distribution amplitudes, electromagnetic form factors, charge radii, ξ moments, and transition form factors that are found to be consistent with both available lattice simulations and experimental data. In addition, our predicted branching ratios for the channels of B+→τ+ντ as well as rare decays of B0 and Bs0 appear in accordance with experimental data. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Extraction, characterization, and evaluation of galactomannan from Barbatimão Verdadeiro as a potential additive for enhanced oil recovery fluids

Polymers play a crucial role in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by increasing the viscosity of injection fluids and enhancing oil displacement. The widely used polymer, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), faces performance degradation in high-salinity and high-temperature environments. This study explores galactomannan from Stryphnodendron polyphyllum seeds as an alternative viscosifying agent for EOR fluids. An extraction process for galactomannan from Barbatimão Verdadeiro seeds was developed, yielding 23.3% m/m. The biopolymer was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Rheological behavior was tested in brines of different salinities, and injectivity/filterability tests were performed following API RP 63:1990 standards. The galactomannan obtained from Stryphnodendron polyphyllum exhibited a mannose-to-galactose ratio of 1.32. Rheological analysis showed pseudoplastic behavior, with viscosities of 38 cP in brine solutions at 7.37 s−1 and 60 °C. Filterability tests demonstrated satisfactory injectivity with factors of 1.09 (8 µm) and 0.67 (1.2 µm). Compared to HPAM, galactomannan exhibited superior viscosity retention in high-salinity conditions, where HPAM dropped to 6 cP. The galactomannan extracted from Stryphnodendron polyphyllum seeds is a promising biopolymer for EOR applications, offering superior performance under harsh conditions compared to traditional HPAM. Its resilience to high salinity and temperature makes it a viable alternative for pre-salt and offshore fields, contributing to more sustainable and efficient oil recovery.

Spectroscopy of excited quarkonium states in the light-front quark model

Abstract We have investigated the ground state ($1S$), radially excited states ($2S$) and ($3S$) along with the orbitally excited state ($1P$) for the heavy charmonia ($c \bar c$) and bottomonia ($b \bar b$) mesons in the light-front quark model (LFQM). The light-front wave functions have been successful in explaining various physical properties of meson states in the past, especially for the $1S$ and $2S$ states. However, studies regarding the radially excited state $3S$ and orbitally excited state $1P$ have hardly been pursued before. In this study, we take up these two excited states and investigate the electromagnetic form factors (EMFFs), charge radii, decay constants, parton distribution functions (PDFs) and the distribution amplitudes (DAs) for the quarkonia system. For the sake of completeness, we have also included the study of the ground and the first excited states of quarkonia mesons. We have also illustrated the 3D wave functions for the radially excited states in order to study their nodal structures. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.

Charge radii of 11−16C, 13−17N and 15−18O determined from their charge-changing cross-sections and the mirror-difference charge radii

Charge-changing cross-sections (CCCSs) of 11−16C, 13−17N and 15−18O on a carbon target have been determined at energies around 300 MeV/nucleon. A nucleon separation energy-dependent correction factor has been introduced to the Glauber model calculation for extracting the nuclear charge radii from the experimental CCCSs. The charge radii of 11C, 13,16N and 15O thus were determined for the first time. With the new radii, we studied the experimental mirror-difference charge radii (ΔRchmirror) of 11B-11C, 13C-13N, 15N-15O, 17N-17Ne pairs for the first time. We find that the ΔRchmirror values of 13C-13N and 15N-15O pairs follow well the empirical relation to the isospin asymmetry predicted by the abinitio calculations, while ΔRchmirror of 11B-11C and 17N-17Ne pairs deviate from such relation by more than two standard deviations.

Experimental evaluation of temporary plugging performance and mechanism analysis of degradable preformed particle gel based on NMR technology

Utilizing chemical temporary plugging systems to further increase the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) and improve oil recovery (IOR) has become a hot topic in the current petroleum industry. Pre-formed gel particles (PPG) possess excellent swelling properties and can form high-strength plugging in high-permeability channels. In addition, degradable pre-formed gel particles (DPPG) also exhibit self-degradation characteristics and excellent temporary plugging and fluid diverting performance. In our previous studies, we examined the temporary plugging mechanisms of DPPG prepared with different molecular weight (MW) of crosslinking agents (PEGDA) through bottle tests and core displacement experiments. However, the micro-swelling mechanism and the micro-scale temporary plugging mechanism in pore throats of reservoir cores are still unclear. In this paper, comprehensive research was conducted on the micro-temporary plugging mechanism of DPPG prepared with different MW crosslinking agents using a static temporary plugging performance evaluation method based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and a dynamic temporary plugging performance evaluation method in cores. The research results showed that DPPG with different compositions have different micro-swelling mechanisms. NMR-T2 analysis showed that DPPG-M1 (with the smallest MW of crosslinking agent) gradually decreased in nuclear size during the water absorption and swelling process, and had the largest swelling volume and swelling rate. On the other hand, DPPG-M5 (with the largest MW of crosslinking agent) exhibited a slow diffusion process of surface water towards the nucleus, resulting in the smallest swelling volume and swelling rate. However, its complete degradation time was longer. The T2 (i.e., spin-spin relaxation time) variation results of the cores in the dynamic temporary plugging experiment showed that the decrease of the MW of the crosslinking agent enhanced the plugging performance, and with less damage to the formation. The MRI images confirmed that DPPG-M5 had strong injection capability in the core and caused greater damage to the core. The research results of this study showed that NMR technology can reveal the temporary plugging mechanism of DPPG from a micro-level perspective.

Lamin A and Emerin Protein Expression Remains Consistently Low and Nuclear Size is Unchanged in Normal Endometrium, Precancerous Lesions, and Endometrioid Carcinoma.

Nuclear laminar or inner nuclear membrane proteins, including lamin A, B1, and B2 and emerin, are involved in maintaining nuclear morphology. However, their expression patterns vary among tumors and remain incompletely understood. Endometrioid carcinoma (EC) exhibits mild nuclear atypia, although the underlying reasons have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed emerin and lamin A, B1, and B2 expression levels in normal endometrium (NE), precancerous lesions, and EC using computer-assisted image analysis to assess the proteins' roles in nuclear morphologic change during tumorigenesis. From NE to EC, nuclear size remained unchanged, and lamin A and emerin were consistently expressed at low levels, whereas lamin B1 and B2 expression gradually decreased. Given the association between lamin A and emerin as well as their roles in nuclear morphology, these results indicate that their consistent low expression may underlie the preservation of nuclear size and shape in EC relative to NE. Conversely, lamin B1 and B2 are implicated in tumor progression rather than nuclear morphology maintenance. As lamin A and emerin are expressed in many organs and tumors, the consistently low expression of these proteins from NE to EC highlights a notable feature of the endometrium and endometrial carcinogenesis.

Axion and dark fermion electromagnetic form factors in superfluid He4

Condensed matter materials have shown great potential in searching for light dark matter (DM) via detecting the phonon or magnon signals induced by the scattering of DM off the materials. In this paper, we study the possibility of detecting electromagnetic form factors of fermionic DM and axionlike particles (ALPs) using superfluid He4. The phonon induced by a sub-GeV fermionic DM scattering off the superfluid can be described using the effective field theory with the interaction between DM and the bulk He4. Signals arising from the electromagnetic form factors of light DM in the presence of an external electric field are calculated. Projected constraints on the charge radius, anapole moment, and magnetic moment of the DM are derived with 1 kg·yr exposure. The phonon signal induced by the scattering of ALPs off the superfluid is also calculated, which can put competitive and the first direct detection bounds on ALP-photon-dark photon couplings in the projected experiments. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Postsynaptic BMP signaling regulates myonuclear properties in Drosophila larval muscles.

The syncytial mammalian muscle fiber contains a heterogeneous population of (myo)nuclei. At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), myonuclei have specialized positioning and gene expression. However, it remains unclear how myonuclei are recruited and what regulates myonuclear output at the NMJ. Here, we identify specific properties of myonuclei located near the Drosophila larval NMJ. These synaptic myonuclei have increased size in relation to their surrounding cytoplasmic domain (size scaling), increased DNA content (ploidy), and increased levels of transcription factor pMad, a readout for BMP signaling activity. Our genetic manipulations show that local BMP signaling affects muscle size, nuclear size, ploidy, and NMJ size and function. In support, RNA sequencing analysis reveals that pMad regulates genes involved in muscle growth, ploidy (i.e., E2f1), and neurotransmission. Our data suggest that muscle BMP signaling instructs synaptic myonuclear output that positively shapes the NMJ synapse. This study deepens our understanding of how myonuclear heterogeneity supports local signaling demands to fine tune cellular function and NMJ activity.

Smooth trends in fermium charge radii and the impact of shell effects

The quantum-mechanical nuclear-shell structure determines the stability and limits of the existence of the heaviest nuclides with large proton numbers Z ≳ 100 (refs. 1–3). Shell effects also affect the sizes and shapes of atomic nuclei, as shown by laser spectroscopy studies in lighter nuclides4. However, experimental information on the charge radii and the nuclear moments of the heavy actinide elements, which link the heaviest naturally abundant nuclides with artificially produced superheavy elements, is sparse5. Here we present laser spectroscopy measurements along the fermium (Z = 100) isotopic chain and an extension of data in the nobelium isotopic chain (Z = 102) across a key region. Multiple production schemes and different advanced techniques were applied to determine the isotope shifts in atomic transitions, from which changes in the nuclear mean-square charge radii were extracted. A range of nuclear models based on energy density functionals reproduce well the observed smooth evolution of the nuclear size. Both the remarkable consistency of model prediction and the similarity of predictions for different isotopes suggest a transition to a regime in which shell effects have a diminished effect on the size compared with lighter nuclei.

Effects of oxycodone on placental lineages: Evidence from the transcriptome profile of mouse trophoblast giant cells

Pregnant women are often prescribed or abuse opioid drugs. The placenta is likely the key to understanding how opioids cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal oxycodone (OXY) exposure of pregnant mice leads to disturbances in the layer of invasive parietal trophoblast giant cells (pTGC) that forms the interface between the placenta and uterus. These cells are analogous to extravillous trophoblasts of the human placenta. They are crucial to coordinating the metabolic needs of the conceptus with those of the mother and are primary participants in the placenta-brain axis. Their large nuclear size, however, has precluded both single-cell (sc) and single-nucleus (sn) RNA-seq analyses beyond embryonic day (E) 8.5. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of placentas from pregnant mice exposed to OXY with unexposed controls at E12.5, with particular emphasis on the pTGC. The nonfluidic Parse snRNA-seq approach permitted characterization of the nuclear transcriptomes of all the major placental cell lineages and their presumed progenitors at E12.5. OXY exposure had a negligible effect on components of the placental labyrinth, including the two syncytial cell layers, but caused transcriptomic changes consistent with metabolic stress throughout the spongiotrophoblast. Most notably, there was loss of the majority of pTGC, whose normal gene expression is consistent with elevated energy demand relating to biosynthesis of multiple secretory products, especially hormones, and endoduplication of DNA. This unusual sensitivity of pTGC presumably puts the pregnancy and future health of the offspring at particular risk to OXY exposure.

Off-shell pion properties: Electromagnetic form factors and light-front wave functions

The off-shell pion electromagnetic form factors are explored with corresponding off-shell light-front wave functions modeled by constituent quark and antiquark. We apply the Mandelstam approach for the microscopic computation of the form factors relating the model parameters with the pion decay constant and charge radius. Analyzing the existing data on the cross sections for the Sullivan process, H1(e,e′,π+)n [H. P. Blok (Jefferson Lab Fπ Collaboration), Charged pion form factor between Q2=0.60, and 2.45 GeV2. I. Measurements of the cross section for the H1(e,e′π+)n reaction, .], we extract the off-shell pion form factor using the relation derived from the generalized Ward-Takahashi identity for the pion electromagnetic current. They are compared with our previous results [H.-M. Choi , Pion off-shell electromagnetic form factors: Data extraction and model analysis, .] from exactly solvable manifestly covariant model of a (3+1)-dimensional fermion field theory. We find that the adopted constituent quark model reproduces the extracted off-shell form factor F1(Q2,t) from the experimental data within a few percent difference and matches well with our previous theoretical simulation which exhibits a variation of about 10% for the extracted off-shell pion form factor g(Q2,t). We also identify the pion valence parton distribution function (PDF) and transverse momentum distribution (TMD) in terms of the light-front wave function and discuss their off-shell properties. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Histomorphologic spectrum of nodal marginal zone lymphoma as defined by its methylome.

Primary nodal marginal B-cell lymphoma (NMZL) is rare and histologically very variable. Its large-cell presentation is difficult to distinguish from nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (nDLBCL) due to the absence of specific markers for nodal marginal zone lymphomas in general. Using a comprehensive cohort of NMZLs and a control cohort of nDLBCLs, we conducted a methylome analysis on subgroups of both. The methylomes were strikingly different between the cohorts but unexpectedly homogeneous within the NMZL cohort. This allowed us to describe the morphologic spectrum of NMZL in all its value ranges. The considerable overlap in growth pattern and cytology of NMZL with nDLBCL was explored morphometrically, leading to an operational tool for separating both by a simple measurement of cell size and nuclear size. This was integrated in a hierarchical approach, including a scoring system for the parameter growth pattern, follicular colonization, follicular dendritic network, IgD expression, and Ki-67 rate, and led to a proposal for a classifier that we present here. This methylome-based study extends the morphological spectrum of NMZL towards large cell morphology and offers a conventional way to distinguish it from nDLBCL.

The magicity, the radii of neutron orbits 1<i>f</i><sub>7/2</sub>, 2<i>p</i><sub>3/2</sub> and halo-like structure of <sup>52,54</sup>Ca nuclei

The evolution of neutron single-particle spectra of isotones with N = 32 and 34 new magic neutron numbers in the region 16 ≤ Z ≤ 32 was calculated in the dispersive optical model. It was shown that the minimum of the difference between the Fermi energy and the half-sum of the energy levels of the last predominantly occupied state and the first predominantly unoccupied state is achieved in the magic isotones with N = 32 and 34. The calculated root-mean-square radius of the neutron halo-like state 2p3/2 in double magic 52Ca nucleus exceeded the radius of the underlying 1f7/2 state by 0.8 fm. It is consistent with the recent experimental data and theoretical predictions that explain ‟unexpectedly” large root-mean-square charge radius of this nucleus.

Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Paradigm shift of Prevention and Treatment Analyzed at Cellular level by Histo/Pathological Micrometric Assessment.

Objective: To evaluate role of Vitamin C and Naproxen in Alcohol-induced liver toxicity by micrometric technique (hepatocyte count, size and nuclear diameter) in albino rats.Methodology: This experimental interventional study was conducted at the sheikh Zayed medical college and hospital Rahim yar khan from December 2022 to March 2023. 60 albino rats with equal gender distribution were selected based on the random probability sampling technique and placed in three groups of 20, again with an equal gender distribution (1:1). Group A (positive control) was given purified Ethanol for 10 days., Group B was given Vitamin C and NaproxenProphylaxis for 7 days and later intoxicated with Ethanol for 10 days and Group C was simultaneously Administered Vitamin C, Naproxen, and Ethanol for 10 days. The hepatocyte count, size and nuclear diameter of all the groups were recorded by micrometric technique using ocular and stage micrometric scales. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 and P-Value of ≤0.05 considered Statistically Significant.Results: Group A animals experienced decreased number of hepatocyte count, increase in size of cell and decrease in nucleus size; Group B showed similar picture as group “A” but less in intensity and Group C showed nearly normal hepatic architecture with hepatocyte count, size and nuclear size close to normal ranges.Conclusion: The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Vitamin C and Naproxen demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects on liver histologic architecture, providing safety from alcohol-induced liver injury. Keywords: Naproxen, Prophylaxis, liver toxicity, alcoholic liver disease, vitamin C.