Characterization Of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Synthesis conditions and characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with oleic acid stabilizer.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), part of magnetic nanoparticles, have been widely used in biomedical applications. Biocompatibility and magnetic properties make the SPIONs developed further by a lot of researchers. However, in the synthesis process, SPIONs can run into agglomeration. Oleic acid (OA) is one of the stabilizers to prevent agglomeration. This research aims to optimize the synthesis conditions and characterization of SPIONs with OA as a stabilizer. The synthesis of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles-Oleic Acid (SPIONs-OA) was performed using the coprecipitation method and was prepared with the addition of 0.75, 1.5, and 3%v/v OA and stirring rate of 750, 1500, 3000, 6000, 9000, and 12,000 rpm. The characterization of hydrodynamic size and polydispersity index was evaluated by dynamic light scattering. Meanwhile, the crystal structure was observed by X-ray diffraction. Then, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze structures. The results showed that the hydrodynamic size was dependent on OA concentrations and stirring rate. The addition of 1.5%v/v OA and stirring conditions of 750 rpm resulted in the smallest hydrodynamic size and polydispersity index (83.71 ± 0.70 nm and 0.215 ± 0.01 nm, respectively). Based on the crystal structure analysis, the crystal shape was magnetic cubic, and the size of Fe3O4 crystallite changed from 11.38 to 5.61 nm. The FTIR indicated a strong chemical bond between the hydroxyl group of SPIONs and carboxylic acid of OA. In conclusion, the SPIONs-OA was successfully prepared with 1.5%v/v OA concentrations and a stirring rate of 750 rpm.

Synthesis and characterization of polyglycerol coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and cytotoxicity evaluation on normal human cell lines

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are considered as interesting nano-carriers for cancer detection and treatment. As promising reagents for biomedical applications they need surface modifications and polyglycerol has shown suitable characteristics as a coating agent in this regard. Synthesis and characterization of SPIONs and polyglycerol coated SPIONs (PG-SPIONs) as well as evaluation of cytotoxic effects on normal human cell lines (HEK293 and MCF10A) was the aim of present study. The effect of SPIONs and PG-SPIONs on these cell lines was evaluated by measuring the cell viability, apoptosis, expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and caspase-3 activity. Characteristics of nanoparticles were determined by TEM, FTIR, VSM and XRD. Mean size of SPIONs and PG-SPIONs were found to be 5.4 ± 0.75 nm and 17.9 ± 2.85 nm, respectively. XRD result demonstrates that the nanoparticles are Fe3O4 with highly crystalline particles and their surface modification by Polyglycerol (PG) and superparamagnetic behavior was confirmed by FTIR and VSM. The surface coating significantly increased cell viability, attenuated apoptosis, promoted expression of Bax and P53 and reduced Bcl2 protein expression and caspase-3 activity. In conclusion, these results indicates that surface coating of SPIONs with PG can decrease SPIONs-induced cell injury in normal human cells, suggesting PG-SPIONs as safe nanocarriers for application in medicine.

A Toxic Collaboration: Using SPIONS and Shrimp to Bridge Courses in Chemistry and Biology for Undergraduate Engineering Students.

Chemistry and biology are naturally symbiotic disciplines, which provide foundation for other related areas such as engineering. At Wentworth Institute of Technology, the majority of students enroll in our Engineering Chemistry course and many others will also take Cellular and Molecular Biology, either to fulfill a major requirement or science elective. It is between these two courses that we have designed a collaborative project investigating the synthesis and biological relevance of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). SPIONs are at the forefront of investigation across several different fields, which makes them an exceptional interdisciplinary educational tool. This project specifically focuses on the role of SPIONs as contrast agents for MRI, which directly relates to future coursework for our biomedical and biological engineering majors; however, the construction of the NMR and MRI instruments, including the superconducting coil, provides interest for our electrical and mechanical engineering students. Students in chemistry are paired with cohorts of biology students and directed to compile their experimental data to generate a complete narrative related to the synthesis and uptake of SPIONs by brine shrimp. Numerous synthetic variations of SPIONs are available, thus allowing students to develop and test a hypothesis relating to either the magnetic properties or toxicity of the nanoparticles, which can only be explained and supported at the conclusion of both experiments.The collaboration culminates with a video lab report, developed and presented by both cohorts of students. Scores are generated based on presentation style and creativity, scientific accuracy, ability to develop and explain their hypothesis, data analysis and interpretation of findings on a larger scale. The collaboration takes place over the course of 3 2‐hour lab periods, with additional check points during the biology component. Two of these periods are designated for synthesis and characterization of SPIONs by the chemistry students and one lab period is designated for induction of toxicity assays and cytotoxicity analysis by the biology students.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Department of Sciences at Wentworth Institute of Technology.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Synthesis and characterization of superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and utilization of SPIONs in X-ray imaging

The versatility of superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been extensively investigated, especially for their applications in therapeutics and diagnostics. Considering their intriguing feature of contrasting agent, in terms of medical applications, it is still in its infancy. Various physicochemical parameters like magnetism, crystallinity, and optical parameters contribute to their better contrasting agent. In this study, SPIONs were synthesized with different concentrations of precursor iron molecular solution in the presence of magnetic field and the optimum concentration of precursor iron molecular solution was determined as 0.133%. SPIONs obtained at optimum concentration were further analyzed by both microscopic and spectroscopic analysis. The difference occurred in the elemental nature of SPIONs as they were synthesized in the magnetic field out of precursor iron molecular solution was analyzed with a specific reference to NMR spectroscopy. SPIONs as contrasting agent against X-ray imaging was also investigated in quail’s egg.

Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of glutathione- and PEG-glutathione-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for nitric oxide delivery

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), with appropriate surface coatings, are commonly used for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery. For the successful application of SPIONs, it is necessary that the nanoparticles have well-defined morphological, structural and magnetic characteristics, in addition to high stability and biocompatibility in biological environments. The present work is focused on the synthesis and characterization of SPIONs, which were prepared using the co-precipitation method and have great potential for drug delivery. The surfaces of the SPIONs were functionalized with the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to form GSH-SPIONs and PEG-GSH-SPIONs. The structural, morphological, magnetic properties and the cytotoxicity of the obtained nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques. The results showed that the nanoparticles have a mean diameter of 10nm in the solid state and are superparamagnetic at room temperature. No cytotoxicity was observed for either nanoparticle (up to 500μgL−1) on mouse normal fibroblasts (3T3 cell line) or acute T cell leukemia (Jurkat cell line) after 24h of incubation. Free thiol groups (SH) on the surfaces of GSH-SPIONs and PEG-GSH-SPIONs were nitrosated, leading to the formation of S-nitrosated SPIONs, which act as a nitric oxide (NO) donor. The amounts of NO released from GSNO-SPIONs and PEG-GSNO-SPIONs were (124.0±1.0)μmol and (33.2±5.1)μmol of NO per gram, respectively. This study highlights the successful capping of the SPION surfaces with antioxidant GSH and biocompatible PEG, which improved the dispersion and biocompatibility of the NPs in aqueous/biological environments, thereby enhancing the potential uses of SPIONs as drug delivery systems, such as a NO donor vehicle, in biomedical applications.

Synthesis and evaluation of radiolabeled, folic acid-PEG conjugated, amino silane coated magnetic nanoparticles in tumor bearing Balb/C mice

Abstract To design a potent agent for positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) imaging and targeted magnetic hyperthermia-radioisotope cancer therapy radiolabeled surface modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were used as nanocarriers. Folic acid was conjugated for increasing selective cellular binding and internalization through receptor-mediated endocytosis. SPIONs were synthesized by the thermal decomposition of tris (acetylacetonato) iron (III) to achieve narrow and uniform nanoparticles. To increase the biocompatibility of SPIONs, they were coated with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), and then conjugated with synthesized folic acid-polyethylene glycol (FA-PEG) through amine group of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. Finally, the particles were labeled with 64Cu (t 1/2 = 12.7 h) using 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid mono (N-hydroxy succinimide ester) DOTA-NHS chelator. After the characterization of SPIONs, their cellular internalization was evaluated in folate receptor (FR) overexpressing KB (established from a HeLa cell contamination) and mouse fibroblast cell (MFB) lines. Eventually, active and passive targeting effects of complex were assessed in KB tumor-bearing Balb/C mice through biodistribution studies. Synthesized bare SPIONs had low toxicity effect on healthy cells, but surface modification increased their biocompatibility. Moreover, KB cells viability was reduced when using folate conjugated SPIONs due to FR-mediated endocytosis, while having little effect on healthy cells (MFB). Moreover, this radiotracer had tolerable in vivo characteristics and tumor uptake. In the receptor blocked case, tumor uptake was decreased, indicating FR-specific uptake in tumor tissue while enhanced permeability and retention effect was major mechanism for tumor uptake.

Preparation, Characterization and Tests of Incorporation in Stem Cells of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been produced and used as contrast-enhancing agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnostic use in a wide range of maladies including cardiovascular, neurological disorders, and cancer. The reasons why these SPIONs are attractive for medical purposes are based on their important and unique features. The large surface area of the nanoparticles and their manipulation through an external magnetic field are features that allow their use for carrying a large number of molecules such as biomolecules or drugs. In this scenario, the present work reports on the synthesis and characterization of SPIONs and in vitro MRI experiments to increase their capacity as probes for MRI applications on stem cells therapy. Initially, the SPIONs were prepared through the co-precipitation method using ferrous and ferric chlorides in acidic solution. The SPIONs were coated with two thiolmolecules such as mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) and cysteine (Cys) (molar ratio SPIONs:ligand = 1:20), leading to the formation of a stable aqueous dispersion of thiolated nanoparticles (SH-SPIONs). The SH-SPIONs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results showed that the SH-SPIONs have a mean diameter of 14 nm and display superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. Preliminary tests of incorporation of SH-SPIONs were evaluated stem cells. The results showed that the thiolated nanoparticles have no toxic effects for stem cells and successfully internalized and enhance the contrast in MRI.