Characterization Of Polyvinyl Chloride Research Articles

Synthesis, characterization of polyvinyl chloride -graft-4-Amicacid phenol and application of adsorption for lead ion

A new synthesis of polyvinyl chloride (PVC-grafted-4-amicacid phenol, which consist of a reaction between poly (vinyl chloride ) and 4-amic acid phenol . Grafting structure has been checked by, FTIR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR, TG, DSC and X-RAY .The grafting of PVC work to changes the surface properties such as catalytic ability, adhesion and adsorption capacity. This paper describes grafting of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as adsorbent for pb+2 ions removal. The adsorption process recorded comparatively rapid uptake of pb+2 by the new PVC-grafted-4-amicacid phenol which was mainly complexation controlled.

Isolation and Characterization of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Degrading Bacteria from Polluted Sites of Gwalior City, M.P., India

Plastic is harmful to nature and this issue could be solved by its degradation. Biodegradation of plastic waste utilizing bacterial strain is an eco-friendly approach. In this study, top bacterial strains that degrade the polymeric ingredient of the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were isolated and identified using a development culture procedure. For this investigation, soil from various contaminated areas was collected, which had abundant plastic waste. The biodegradation of polyvinylchloride films was studied using a liquid culture approach for six months. A couple of bacterial organism packs were then limited to emulsifying the commonly used PVC polymer in agar media. The PVC strain showed particular degradation and was chosen for further testing because the species Bacillus and Micrococcus were considered more credible. Bacillus and Micrococcus species have both proven the biodegradability of PVC based on the mean weight decrease, which was 0.873 for Bacillus species and 0.916 for Micrococcus species after a period of around six months. The FTIR study confirmed the breaking down by demonstrating the proximity of porosity and sensitivity of bacteria-infested polythene surfaces. Bacillus has a higher degradation potential than Micrococcus in our research.

Modification and characterization of polyvinyl chloride by graft copolymerization with acrylamide

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was dehydrochlorinated in alkali solution (Sodium Hydroxide NaOH) and then grafted with acrylamide (Am) by free-radical polymerization and using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator under inert atmosphere. The investigations involved examining the degree of dehydrochlorination on PVC by using different concentration from NaOH in the solution (1, 3 and 5 molarity) and determine the optimum dehydrochlorination and grafting efficiency of acrylamide on pure PVC and different molarity dehydrochlorinated PVC. The dehydrochlorinated polyvinyl chloride (DHPVC) and grafted copolymer (PVC-graft-Acrylamide) was characterized by FTIR, Raman spectrometer, EDX analysis. The results shown that, the highest loss of chlorine by using the 3 M ratio of NaOH and the best grafting was in the use of DHPVC 3M.

Buckypapers of 4,4′-oxydianiline-modified polyvinylchloride and functional nano-filler obtained by resin infusion method

This study provides information on the fabrication and characterization of polyvinylchloride (PVC) buckypaper composite using resin infusion method. PVC modified with 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) was infiltrated through buckypapers made of purified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (P-MWCNTs) and functionalized MWCNTs (F-MWCNTs). The increases in P-MWCNT and F-MWCNT contents were investigated on the physical properties of BP-PVC-ODA/PEG (polyethylene glycol)/P-MWCNT and BP-PVC-ODA/PEG/F-MWCNT buckypaper composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for the functional group confirmation which proved the PVC modification and functionality of MWCNTs. The scanning electron micrographs of BP-PVC-ODA/PEG/F-MWCNT showed that intercalation of cross-linked polymer with nanotube produced a polymer-coated F-MWCNT mesh. The maximum degradation temperature (T max) of functional composite BP-PVC-ODA/PEG/F-MWCNT 0.05 (484 °C) was higher than that of non-functional BP-PVC-ODA/PEG/P-MWCNT 0.05 (473 °C). The glass transition temperature (T g) of BP-PVC-ODA/PEG/F-MWCNT 0.05 was 225 °C, while BP-PVC-ODA/PEG/F-MWCNT 0.03 yielded a lower T g of 214 °C. Tensile strength of the functional buckypaper was also found to increase to 37.3 MPa with filler loading. According to X-ray diffraction, the amorphous character of buckypaper showed a trend towards crystal formation with filler loading. P-MWCNT-based buckypaper showed an electrical conductivity up to 4.12 × 10−1 S/cm; lower than the electrical conductivity of functional buckypaper (1.98 S/cm). The results demonstrated that the resin infusion technique was a successful method to achieve high performance buckypapers compared with F-MWCNTs.

Fatigue characterization of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) foam core sandwich composite using the G-control method

This paper presents experimental results from cyclic crack propagation tests performed on sandwich specimens with glass/epoxy face sheets and Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) foam cores using the G-controlled cyclic energy release rate (ΔG) test procedure. The face material was tested in tension, compression and shear to determine in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and shear modulus. These properties were then used in an analytical model of the mixed-mode bending sandwich specimen to calculate compliance and energy release rate. Finite element analysis was used to determine the mode-mixity of the crack loading. Experimental crack growth cyclic tests were carried out on pre-cracked mixed-mode bending sandwich specimens with H45, H100 and H160 PVC foam cores under two mode-mixities (mode I and mode II dominant). Post-mortem analysis was performed on tested specimens, highlighting the influence of mode mixity and foam density on the crack path. Crack propagation diagrams showing da/dN versus ΔG curves were obtained to establish the Paris-Erdogan relation for each material combination tested at the two mode-mixities. Results showed constant crack growth rates for all the materials tested and revealed the influence on mode-mixity on crack propagation speed and foam density (higher foam density, slower crack propagation).

Synthesis, surface characterization and electrochemical properties of PVC-based cerium(IV) sulphate ion exchange composite membrane

The characterization of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based cerium(IV) sulphate (CS) composite membrane was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composite membrane with 0.175 g PVC and 0.375 g CS proves good chemical, mechanical and thermal stabilities as well as ion exchange capacity. The Teorell, Meyer and Sievers (TMS) method was used to determine the electrochemical parameters such as transport number, mobility ratio and surface charge density of the membrane. The mobility ratio of various univalent electrolytes depends on the electrolyte concentration and follows the decreasing order LiCl > NaCl > KCl. This membrane may be used for treatment of food industry wastewater as well as desalination of sea and brackish waters.

Lithium ion transport in PVC/PEG 2000 blend polymer electrolytes complexed with LiX (X=ClO 4 − , BF 4 − , and CF3SO 3 − )

This paper describes preparation and characterization of polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene glycol 2000 blend polymer electrolytes with LiX (X=ClO4−, BF4−, and CF3SO3−) salt by solution casting technique. Ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate mixture was used as the plasticizers. LiClO4-based electrolytes exhibited better ionic conduction behavior than other salts. The thermal profiles ascertain the stability of the membranes up to 120°C by differential scanning calorimetry. Complexation and crystallinity were studied through X-ray diffraction measurements. Phase morphological study reveals the porous nature of the polymer electrolyte membranes.

The Synthesis and Characterization of Poly Vinyl Chloride Chemically Modified with C60

The fullerenated poly vinyl chloride was synthesized by the addition reaction of azido‐substituted poly vinyl chloride with C60. Structural characterization carried out using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy confirm the presence of C60 chemically bound in the new compound. Also, the photoluminescence properties of fullerenated poly vinyl chloride are considerably changed from those of C60

Characterization of Polyvinylchloride by Means of Sound Velocity and Longitudinal Modulus Measurements

The longitudinal and transverse sound velocities for polyvinylchloride and polycarbonate with different molecular weights were measured at 30°C. The temperature dependence of the longitudinal sound velocity was measured up to 110°C. The longitudinal sound velocity decreased with increasing molecular weight, while the transverse sound velocity was nearly independent of the molecular weight. The longitudinal, shear and bulk moduli were obtained from the sound velocity and density data. Longitudinal and bulk moduli depended on the molecular weight strongly, but the shear modulus, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were insensitive to the molecular weight. The longitudinal sound velocity decreased with increasing temperature and the temperature dependence of the velocity changed drastically around the glass transition temperature.

Characterization of Polyvinylchloride by Size Exclusion Chromatography. I. Concentration Dependence of Axial Dispersion Observed in Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled With Light Scattering

Abstract A comparative study on the axial dispersion in size exclusion chromatography was carried out on sample solutions with narrow molar mass distribution of polyvinylchloride (Mw=12000–96300 g/mol; Mw/Mn=1.14–1.25) and polystyrene (Mw=9000–1130000 g/mol Mw/Mn=1.04–1.08) in tetrahydrofuran. Determination of the axial dispersion parameter [Otilde] was accomplished by two independent methods for simultaneous calibration of separation and axial dispersion. For polystyrene, a slight dependence of [Otilde] on the peak elution volume was found as postulated in literature. At low concentration, there is a good agreement between [Otilde] measured for polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylchloride (PVC). Raising the concentration by a factor of 3, an increase of [Otilde] by about 25 % was found for PVC. The method of universal calibration proved to be applicable independent of concentration, when [η] =1.6 × 10−4 M0.706 dl/g for PS and [η] =1.6. × 10−4 M0,77 dl/g for PVC is used.

Characterization of polyvinyl chloride. Part III. An alternative GPC method for measuring the radii of gyration, and the degree of long‐chain branching of polydispersed polymers

AbstractA method for measuring the unperturbed radius of gyration and the degree of long‐chain branching in Gaussian‐distribution polymers is proposed. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) were selected to illustrate the method. It was observed that PVC samples prepared by homogeneous and heterogeneous polymerizations exhibit the same degree of long‐chain branching. This conclusion is supported by viscometric data. The polydispersity ratios (Mw/Mn) indicate that both types of polymerizations would yield a very small amount of total branching (long chain and short chain.) The calculated unperturbed radius of gyration of linear PVC samples was found to be 0.185 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left( {\frac{{{\rm \dot A}^{\rm 2} {\rm mole}}}{{{\rm gm}}}} \right) $\end{document}, and that of PVAc was determined to be 0.107 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left( {\frac{{{\rm \dot A}^{\rm 2} {\rm mole}}}{{{\rm gm}}}} \right) $\end{document}. The value obtained for PVC is shown to be in agreement with the value determined from the viscometric method as described in our previous work.