Characterization Of Plant Extracts Research Articles

Facile Synthesis of Graphene–Metal Nanocomposites with Tephrosia Purpurea for Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity

The research is focused on screening various bioactive extracts from Tephrosia purpurea plant leaf for the onward synthesis of nanomaterial and formation of Grephene-Ag nanocomposite for their biological applications. The aerial parts of this plant are comprised of primary and secondary metabolites. Its latex contains many important compounds such as Phenolics, Flavonides, and Terpenes, etc. Tephrosia purpurea is used as a traditional medicine to cure different problems of the digestive and respiratory tract. The aerial parts of this plant show immense antifungal and antimicrobial pursuits. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from methanol extract of aerial parts of the Tephrosia Purpurea. These nanoparticles were reacted with lab synthesized Graphene to form Plant-Silver-Graphene nanocomposites. The characterization of plant extract, extract-mediated Ag-nanoparticles, and graphene-metal nanocomposites was carried out by different techniques like FTIR, UV, EDX & SEM. FTIR & UV spectra peaks were found in the ranges already reported. EDX analysis shows the percentage of the elements matching the reported data. SEM shows similar ranges of nanoparticle sizes as found in the research papers. Moreover, anticancer activities of plant-Ag-graphene nanocomposites were done & comparison was made with parent materials. The results were remarkable as plant-Ag-graphene nanocomposites showed better anticancer activities than the nanoparticles and plant extract.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVE COMPONENT OF SPATHODEA CAMPANULATA (RAKTURA) FOR THEIR ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY

S. campanulata, widely distributed in India is traditionally used as astringent, aphrodisiac, purgative, anthelmintic, depurative, febrifuge and expectorant. The plant is also used in rheumatism, dropsy, urinary diseases and jaundice. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of the methanolic extract of the flower of S. campanulata in experimental animal models. The powdered drug was subjected to successive solvent extraction, with solvents in increasing order of polarity to obtain the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of the plant. Isolation and characterization of plant extract were performed through UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy. Characterization approximately conformed the isolated compound was kaempferol. S. campanulata was evaluated for anti-arthritic action by Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis test in adult Albino rats (150-200 gm). Rats were injected 0.1 ml of complete Freund's adjuvant into the planter region of the left hind paw. Statistical analysis was performed using One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferonni test. P less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The methanolic extract of in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed 75.50% and 68.33% protection against increase in paw edema, respectively. S. campanulata showed dose-dependent action in all the experimental models.

Antifungal Potential and Characterization of Plant Extracts against Fusarium fujikuroi on Rice

Bakanae rice disease caused by fungus Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg (F. fujikuroi) and occurs in the most growing rice areas of the world. Transmission of this disease by soil and seed, so seed addressing by different material is useful to control bakanae disease. This study is focused on antifungal activity for some plant extracts i.e. Ammi visnaga (A. visnaga), Eucalyptus globulus (E. globulus), Artemisia judaica (A. judai) and Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum)on the linear growth of F. fujikuroi. Identification of chemical compounds was done for two plant extracts A. visnaga and E. globulus by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Seeds was treatments with plant extracts with different concentrations under greenhouse condition. Changes in seedling content for enzymes such as peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) after 7 and 14 days of treatments by plant extracts has been observed. Management bakanae disease under field condition by seed treatment with plant extracts. The results indicate that A. visnaga was the most effective on the linear growth with concentration 500 ppm. The obtained results from qualitative phytochemical tests for A. visnaga indicates presence of coumarins, tannins, saponin, terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids and absence of phenols. E. globulus found tannins, phenols, saponin, terpenoids, flavonoid and absences of coumarins and steroids. Tannins and terpenoids were the highest quantitative phytochemical constituent determined in A. visnaga. Whilephenols and flavonoids were the most active phytochemical constituents determined in E. globulus. The chemical constituents for GC-MS analysis of A. visnaga were benzene methyl, khellin, visnagin and vitamin E. While, E. globulus haseucalyptol, terpinen, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Under greenhouse condition, A. visnaga was the most effective in reducing the number of death and number of infected seedling, increasing the germination % at different concentrations compared with other treatments. POX, PPO and H2O2 were induced in inoculated seedling compared with the un-inoculated seedling. Seed treatments with A. visnaga and E. globulus produced the highest enzymes increase and decreased H2O2 content in seedling. Under field condition, there are no significant difference between A. visnaga and Rhizolex-T 50% as seed treatment in reduction of disease incidence or disease severity of bakanae in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Grain yield was increased in treated plant with A. visnaga and Rhizolex-T 50% in both seasons.

Physicochemical characterization of the vegetal drug and nebulized extract of the roots from Apodanthera congestiflora Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae)

Apodanthera congestiflora Cogn. is a Brazilian Cucurbitaceae, known for its anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic activities. The objective of this work was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the vegetal drug (VD) and the nebulized aqueous extract (NAE) from A. congestiflora using official methods and other analytical techniques: scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffraction and infrared, applied in the characterization of plant extracts. The VD and NAE presented varied granulometry and acceptable moisture, ash, pH and density. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy have suggested that the particles of the compounds analyzed are amorphous, with different sizes. The thermal decomposition of the vegetal raw material occurred in four stages, with characteristic events of the loss of free water, volatile substances, bound water to herbal products and organic compounds, besides the presence of inorganic material, verified in elemental analysis in EDS. The curves observed in the DTA showed three peaks, the first being endothermic and others exothermic. Such characteristics have confirmed the preliminary analysis of sieving, ash content and moisture. Phytochemical screening showed positive results for saponins, alkaloids and polysaccharides, and in the semiquantitative assays, the values were 59.84 ± 1.24 mg g−1 for total polyphenols, 55.28 ± 7.14 mg g−1 for tannins and 34.78 ± 2.79 mg g−1 for flavonoids. Infrared spectra showed characteristic peaks of O–H, C–H, C=O, C=C and C–O groups, which together with the results of the phytochemical analysis reinforce the presence of these phytochemicals. The results revealed that the analytical techniques allowed the joint characterization of the VD and the NAE, providing subsidies for the obtaining of a phytotherapic.

Evaluation of Dryopteris cochleata leaf extracts as green inhibitor for corrosion of aluminium in 1 M H2SO4

Corrosion inhibition of aluminium in 1 M H2SO4 by two different solvent extracts of Dryopteris cochleata leaves was studied using weight loss, electrochemical measurements, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Characterization of plant extract was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis have confirmed the molecular adsorption of the DCLME and DCLWE extracts on the aluminium surface. The methanol extract of D. cochleata leaves is a better inhibitor than water extract. Polarization studies showed that the extracts act as a mixed type inhibitor.

Skin Anti-Aging Benefits of Phytotherapeutics-based Emulsions

The modern medicine still needs the help of the alternative and complementary medicine, which is most often based on phytotherapy. Therefore, the identification and characterization of plant extracts and their major bioactive phytochemicals (e.g. polyphenols, triterpenes, carotenoids, vitamins) are highly valuable, especially if they, as natural compounds encapsulated or not, are proved to be more efficient and less toxic compared to that of conventional chemical formulations (i.e. synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds) used as drugs to prevent or treat diseases (e.g. melasma, melanoma, acne, dermatitis, skin sunburns), nutraceutics/food supplements (e.g. antioxidants, antiinfllammatory compounds) or cosmeceutics for topical application to delay physiological or pathological/premature aging (e.g. skin aging) [1-7].

A HIGH-THROUGHPUT UPLC-MS/MS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF SIX PHYTOESTROGENS FROM GENISTA TINCTORIA EXTRACTS

A new rapid, sensitive UPLC method coupled with ESI-MS/MS detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of six phytoestrogens (daidzin, genistin, genistein, daidzein, formononetin, and coumestrol) from Genista tinctoria L. extracts. An adequate chromatographic separation was achieved with gradient elution and a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 0.1% acetic acid/methanol (70/30, v/v). The total run time was of 5.5 min. The detection of target compounds was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was validated and proved to be linear, accurate, and precise over the range of 10–800 ng/mL. The LLOQ values estimated based on the signal to noise ratio were of 5 ng/mL for each analyte, except for daidzein (LLOQ = 10.78 ng/mL). The elaborated assay shows shorter run time, lower solvent consumption, and higher sensitivity than most of the existing LC methods described in the literature. The method was used to quantify the selected phytoestrogens in Genista tinctoria herba or flos extracts. The major compounds found were genistein and its glycosidic form genistin. The method proved to be adequate for the characterization of plant extracts from the point of view of their phytoestrogen content, a group of active compounds with great therapeutic potential.

Advances of Modern Gas Chromatography and Hyphenated Techniques for Analysis of Plant Extracts

Modern gas chromatography, with the development of advanced analytical techniques, has become a fundamental tool for the separation and characterization of plant extracts. These last issues are absolutely important if considering the widespread use of plant derivatives not only in pharmaceutical/food industry but also, for a large part, in traditional and alternative medicine, which require a high level of quality and safety. Hence, the development of new, powerful hyphenated GC techniques were reviewed in this article, including Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography (SPME-GC), Gas Chromatography- Fourier-transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (GC-FTIR), Multidimensional Gas Chromatography (MDGC) and Comprehensive Gas Chromatography (GCxGC). Several applications of each technique were reported and illustrated.