Characterization Of Ni0 Research Articles

Production and Characterization of Ni0.50 Al0.50 and Ni0.55 Al0.45 Powders by Volume Combustion Synthesis

Nickel aluminide (NiAl) is an essential intermetallic material with a high melting point and excellent high temperature corrosion resistance. It is a solid solution of Ni and Al in 40-61 mol.% Ni range. In this study, Ni0.50Al0.50 and Ni0.55Al0.45 powders were formed by using nickel and aluminum elemental powders through volume combustion synthesis (VCS). MgO powder was utilized as the thermal diluent. According to adiabatic temperature calculations, MgO was added to the reactant mixture in 10-40 vol.% range for preventing the melting and sintering of the formed Ni0.50Al0.50 and Ni0.55Al0.45 particles. After VCS, the products were ground into powder form and leached in 3M HCl solution in order to remove the MgO particles. After VCS, the samples which were obtained with 10 - 30 vol.% MgO addition were quite hard and difficult to grind. This indicated the partial sintering of the formed particles. It was relatively easier to grind into powder form the samples which contained 40 vol.% MgO. Therefore, it was determined that the most suitable MgO ratio for the formation of Ni0.50Al0.50 and Ni0.55Al0.45 powders was 40 vol.%. Formed powders were mostly in 5-100 µm particle size range. The formation of single phase pure powders was confirmed by the XRD analyses. A shift of about 0.1 degrees to higher 2-theta values was determined in the XRD peaks of the Ni0.55Al0.45 powder as compared to the Ni0.50Al0.50 phase, after annealing the powders. The results were in agreement with the crystallographic data.

PH influenced synthesis and characterization of Ni0.3Cu0.3Zn0.4 Fe2O4 nano ferrite for energy storage and high frequency applications

A spinel nanocrystalline Ni0.3Cu0.3Zn0.4 Fe2O4 was prepared using co-precipitation method maintaining pH -7,10 and 12. The pH influenced structural, spectroscopic and magnetic parameters were recorded by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and VSM. The crystallite size (31.12 nm to 45.32nm), lattice dimension (8.4175 Å to 8.4368 Å), strain (2.525x10-3 to 3.669x10-3), dislocation density (1.024 x10151/m2 to 4.867 x10151/m2) shows considerable structural enhancement due to pH variation. The Fe-O group analysis by FTIR within 400-600 cm-1 corresponds to tetrahedral (587 cm-1 to 591cm-1) and octahedral (442 cm-1 to 444 cm-1) vibration confirms the formation of spinel nanoferrites. The smooth hysteresis M-H loop with coercivity (12.5826 Oe to 11.2212 Oe), magnetic saturation (62.8431 emu/g to 66.2495 emu/g) and retentivity (0.6375 emu/g to 0.6988 emu/g) describes multi domain nature of prepared material. The obtained structural and magnetic parameter clearly indicates energy storage and high frequency application.

Synthesis and characterization of Ni0.5Al0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles for potent antifungal activity against dry rot of ginger (Fusarium oxysporum)

Current study signifies the use of nanoparticles as alternative in plant disease management to avoid harmful effect of pesticide and fungicide residue. Synthesis of nanoparticles (Ni0.5Al0.5Fe2O4) by hydrothermal method and studied their X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectra, and UV spectra and further successfully evaluated for antifungal activity against a soil and seed borne pathogenic fungus (Fusarium oxysporum).Among various pests, fungal pathogens are the main cause of crop destruction and we developed nanoparticles (Ni0.5Al0.5Fe2O4) which is successfully evaluated for antimycotic activity against dry rot (F. oxysporum) of ginger which causes 50–70% losses in the ginger plant. In vitro and in vivo analysis designated that the nanoparticles (Ni0.5Al0.5Fe2O4) has shown an excellent antifungal activity against F. oxysporum at 0.5 mg/ml concentration. Similarly, no disease incidence was recorded when Ni0.5Al0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles used at 0.5 mg/ml concentration under in vivo conditions. In plants various environmental stresses (biotic and abiotic) leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing progressive oxidative damage and ultimately leads to cell death. The role of ROS in nanoparticles (Ni0.5Al0.5Fe2O4) represents by reduction in the growth inhibition of F. oxysporum. We speculated in light of these results that the cytotoxic effect of Ni0.5Al0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles on F. oxysporum may be mediated through ROS. We can suggest the role of nanoparticles (Ni0.5Al0.5Fe2O4) gives a promising result as a fungicidal activity and could be a novel family of future new generation fungicide.

Preparation and characterization of Ni0.5Zn0.5Co0.2Fe1.8O4 filled polypropylene composites

This work discusses about the preparation and characterization of Ni0.5Zn0.5Co0.2Fe1.8O4 filled Poly Propylene Composites for microwave substrate applications. Phase pure Ni0.5Zn0.5Co0.2Fe1.8O4 filler composition is prepared through solid state ceramic route. Phase purity is confirmed by Powder X- ray diffraction analysis. Morphology and filler distribution of the composites are investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope analysis. Using Agilent 4294A Impedance Analyzer the dielectric and magnetic characterizations are done at low frequency region. Effective permeability and permittivity of the composites are compared with predicted values from different theoretical modeling approaches. Ni0.5Zn0.5Co0.2Fe1.8O4 filled PP composite have an effective dielectric constant of 6.75 and loss tangent of 0.006 at the optimum filler loading at 1 MHz. The composite also has magnetic permeability of 3.51 at the optimum filler loading. Relatively good dielectric constant, better relative permeability together with very low loss tangent make the Ni0.5Zn0.5Co0.2Fe1.8O4 filled PP Composites an excellent choice as Microwave substrate.

Preparation and characterization of Ni0.6CoxMn2.4−xO4 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 1.4) NTC ceramics with low resistivity and high B value

The effects of Co content on the phase structure, micromorphology and electrical performance of Ni0.6CoxMn2.4−xO4 ceramics were studied using transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and resistance/temperature measurements. TEM and high angle annular dark field (HAADF)-mapping results show that the calcined powders were nano-sized and the elements were uniformly distributed. For x < 0.98, the ceramics exhibited single cubic spinel structure. Our SEM–EDS results confirm that a rock-salt phase (Ni,Co)O is formed when 0.98 ≤ x ≤ 1.4. The lattice parameter of the spinel phase decreases with increasing Co content. The room-temperature resistivity of the ceramics decreases from 1100 to 219 Ω cm and then increased to 325 Ω cm as Co was added, while the B value decreased slightly from 3588 to 3030 K. The Ni0.6CoxMn2.4−xO4 ceramics are promising negative temperature coefficient materials for temperature monitoring in electric vehicles owing to their low resistivity and high B values.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ni0.5Cu0.5Cr2O4 Nanostructure for Discoloration of Aniline Dye under Visible Light from Wastewater

In this research, pure-phased Ni0.5Cu0.5Cr2O4 synthesis via solid-state method successfully. In the other part, the photocatalytic activity of synthesized Ni0.5Cu0.5Cr2O4 was investigated in various aspects by using Malachite green as a pollutant and compared with the number of previous photocatalysts. The Photocatalysis process is a promising technique for solving many current environmental and energy issues. The environmental pollutant, especially water contaminates, can influence human health, animals, and the ecosystem. Dye as one of the most important pollutants has investigated in this study. In this study, purification and crystal structure of material have been determined by X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD) method. The results showed that the synthesized Ni0.5Cu0.5Cr2O4 was crystallized in tetragonal structure with space group I 41/AMD. The morphology of obtained materials was modified by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Also, the material was characterized by Fourier-Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA).

Synthesis and characterization of Ni0.7−xMnxZn0.3Fe2(C4H2O4)3·6N2H4 (x = 0.1–0.6): A precursor for the synthesis of nickel–manganese–zinc ferrites

Spinel ferrites are the technologically important materials whose application ranges from the environmental, bio-medical to the smart devices. The properties of the ferrite can be tuned by varying the particle size of the different metal ion substituted in the core of the ferrite. In the present studies, we have successfully prepared sparingly investigated Ni0.7−xMnxZn0.3Fe2O4 (x = 0.1–0.6) ferrite series by precursor combustion method using nickel–manganese–zinc–iron fumarato–hydrazinate as precursor. These metal fumarato–hydrazinate precursors burn auto-catalytically, once ignited with a burning splinter, to form metal ferrites. The detailed study of these precursors was carried out using TG–DTA, IR, CHN analysis, isothermal mass loss and total mass loss studies. The experimental hydrazine content as well as contents of C, H, N, Ni, Mn, Zn and Fe of the precursors matched exactly with the theoretical values. The thermal analysis of the precursors suggest mainly two major steps decomposition. The XRD patterns and the IR spectra of the ferrites obtained by burning these precursors confirmed the single-phase cubic nature of these ferrites. The resistivity studies indicate decrease in resistivity with increase in Mn2+ content of the ferrites. The Curie temperature also shows the same trend.

Synthesis and characterization of Ni0.3Co2.7O4 oxide nanoparticles immobilized in Teflon cavity electrode for organic pollutants degradation

A simple cost effective sol-gel process for the nickel cobaltite oxide production using sulfate precursors and citric acid as chelating agent is reported. The obtained nanopowders were characterized, immobilized in teflon cavity electrode to investigate their catalytic properties, using ethylene glycol and methylene blue as contaminants models in various conditions. The electrode stability and re-utilization have also been discussed. Spinel Ni0.3Co2.7O4 nanocristallites of about 11 nm with regular cauliflower-like shape agglomeration and high surface area equals 49 m2.g−1 and having mesoporous structure, were obtained. This oxide displays two absorption transitions at 1.61 and 3.26 eV, besides; it can be stored for long-terms since its preparation. The formed electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical stability with sufficient charge transfer kinetics and a large accessible mesoporous surface area. Furthermore this electrode is powerful to remove both pollutants, by pseudo-first order mechanism, without significant adsorption and can be used again for several cycles. Indeed, it was found that the photoelectrocatalytic process is more efficient than photocatalytic or electrocatalytic oxidation alone, indicating the light synergistic effect combined with the applied potential. Low cost, simple preparation, long-term storage, operational stability and ability to degrade organics can make this electrode a candidate for industrial use.

Preparation and Characterization of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 + Polyurethane Nanocomposites Using Melt Mixing Method

In this study, nanocomposites of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/polyurethane were prepared by melt mixing method and determined the influence of amount of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) fillers on magnetic induction of segmented polyurethane composites with optimum processing conditions. The obtained nanocomposites particles of all the samples were characterized by TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and Hysteresis measurements (P-E Loop tracer) & VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer). XRD showed the strong characteristic diffraction peaks for ferrite while diffused diffraction pattern for polyurethane. Moreover on increasing nano fillers concentration causes the agglomeration in the composites owing to irregular distribution and consequently the strength of the material reduced. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the positions of peaks for distinctive functional groups of both ferrite and SPU. Micrographs showed that Ferrite/SPU nanocomposites having good dispersion of filler in matrix.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 and Mn0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 Nanoparticles by Water-in-oil Microemulsion

Ferrite is an important ceramic material with magnetic properties that are useful in many types of electronic devices. In this paper we synthesized nanostructured Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 and Mn0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 with spinel structure in the system of water-in-oil microemulsion of water/Triton X–100/n-hexanol/cyclohexane. The result showed that nanoparticles with size in the range of 50–80 nm could be obtained by microemulsion method. FT-IR spectrum, XRD patterns and DTA curves revealed that the nanoparticles could be obtained via calcining its precursor at 500°C. The VSM plots showed that the ferrimagnetic behavior was expected for this type of magnetic material.

Production and characterization of nano-magnetic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 spinel solid solution

Nickel–zinc ferrite (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) was prepared using facile method. Characterization of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 was achieved using different various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron micrographs (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The structural parameters of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 such as crystallite size, lattice constant, unit cell volume and theoretical density have been determined. XRD and IR measurements confirm formation of single spinel Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 phase. SEM technique was used to investigate the morphology characteristics of the investigated solid. It was found that the as synthesized ferrite was spongy, homogeneous and fragile. Also, EDX technique showed the concentrations of O, Ni, Fe and Zn species involved in Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 specimen from the uppermost surface to the bulk layers indicating to the elements gradient. The saturation magnetization (Ms), remanence magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) of the as synthesized composite were 57emu/g, 10emu/g and 58Oe, respectively.

Preparation and characterization of Ni0.6Mn2.4O4 NTC ceramics by solid-state coordination reaction

The impact of synthesis parameters, such as calcination temperature and reaction time, on the microstructure, phase compositions and electrical properties of Ni0.6Mn2.4O4 negative temperature coefficient (NTC) ceramics, which were synthesized via solid-state coordination reaction method, was systematically explained. With enhancing calcination temperature and time, the relative densities were raised, while the porosities diminished. A compact single-phase cubic spinel ceramic could be obtained after annealing at 1,100 and 1,150 °C, while a secondary phase Mn3O4 was detected when the annealing temperature raised to 1,200 °C. For the ceramics calcinated at 1,100 or 1,150 °C for 3 h, their resistivities were 2,133 and 2,178 Ω cm, the thermal constant B, which reflects the temperature sensitivity of the NTC ceramics, were 3,820 and 3,857 K. While the ceramic prepared at 1,200 °C for 3 h, the resistivity and the B value reached 2,273 Ω cm and 3,810 K, respectively. This phenomenon was attributed to the increase of lattice parameters and the reduction of Mn4+–Mn3+ at high temperatures.

Synthesis and characterization of Ni0.8Co0.2Fe2O4–Ba0.95Sr0.05TiO3 multiferroic composites

In this paper, structural, microstructural, dielectric, magnetic, ferroelectric, and magnetoelectric properties of a multiferroic composite with compositional formula (x) Ni0.8Co0.2Fe2O4+(1−x) Ba0.95Sr0.05TiO3 (where x=0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 1.00) has been studied. Nanoparticles of Ni0.8Co0.2Fe2O4 ferrite have been prepared by the sol–gel method. Ba0.95Sr0.05TiO3 ceramic, synthesized by solid state reaction, has particle size in the micrometer range. X-ray analysis along with Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of cubic spinel and perovskite structure for ferrite and ferroelectric phases, respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that Ni0.8Co0.2Fe2O4 particles have particle size in 25–60 nm range. Samples were characterized for the microstructural analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Quantitative elemental analysis of the composite samples was carried out by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Dielectric properties were studied as a function of frequency in the range 20 Hz–1 MHz for pure and composite samples. AC conductivity measurements suggested that small polaron hopping is the dominant conduction mechanism in the composites. Polarization vs. Electric field (P–E) and Magnetization vs. Magnetic field (M–H) hysteresis loop measurements respectively, confirmed good ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behavior of the composites. Complex impedance spectroscopy measurements at different temperatures confirmed the semiconducting nature of the composites. Magnetoelectric coupling between ferrite and ferroelectric phases was confirmed by measuring M–H hysteresis loops of electrically poled and unpoled samples.

Characterization of Ni0.92V0.08Ox thin films deposited by the pulse sputter method

Based on the use of 8 at.%V-92 at.%Ni alloy target, Ni0.92V0.08Ox thin films are deposited via the pulse sputter method to avoid the ferromagnetic disadvantage when using a pure Ni metallic target. Crystallinity, microstructure and electrochromic (EC) properties are investigated systematically by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties of the Ni0.92V0.08Ox films are analyzed by a UV/VIS spectrophotometer (UV–Visible). Electrochromic tests are performed using an electrochemical analyzer. Experimental results indicate that the thickness, chemical composition, microstructure, and electrochromic properties heavily depend on the plasma power and the argon/oxygen ratio. The XPS and XRD analyses reveal that Ni2+, Ni3+, V4+ and V5+ co-exist in the Ni0.92V0.08Ox films and form an ideal stoichiometric compound at plasma power above 250 W, demonstrating that V can stabilize the valence state of Ni2+. Films deposited at 100 W yields the optimal electrochromic properties, with high optical modulation, high coloration efficiency and the lowest color memory effect at wavelengths of 400, 550 and 800 nm.

Synthesis and characterization of Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 nano-particles obtained by auto catalytic thermal decomposition of carboxylato-hydrazinate complex

Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 nano-particles have been synthesized by self-propagating auto-combustion of nickel zinc ferrous fumarato-hydrazinate complex. The precursor complex has been characterized by chemical analysis, IR, AAS, thermal analysis and isothermal mass loss studies. The precursor on ignition undergoes self-propagating auto combustion to give Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the single phase formation of nano-size ‘as synthesized’ Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4. TEM observation showed the average particle size to be 20 nm. Infrared and magnetization studies were also carried out on the ‘as synthesized’ Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4. The lower value of saturation magnetization and higher Curie temperature of ‘as synthesized’ ferrite also hint at the nano size nature.

Soft chemical synthesis and characterization of Ni0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4 nanoparticles

Mixed ferrite nanoparticles of Ni0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4 using metal nitrates were prepared by three different low temperature methods of sol gel in polyvinyl alcohol matrix, coprecipitation with NaOH as coprecipitating base, and sol gel in citric acid matrix, separately to estimate the influence of synthesis on the structural and magnetic parameters of this high saturation magnetization NiZn ferrite composition. In the final stage of the synthesis, the coprecipitated sample was washed and filtered several times before drying and finally heat treated at 350°C for 1h to get the ultrafine powder. Whereas the other two samples, which were transformed into dried gel after mixing and drying, were heat treated at 350°C for 1h, respectively, to find out the dried gel burnt out in a self-propagating combustion manner to form a fluffy powder. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements are performed on all three samples. Though the composition is the same for all three samples, the results of these characterizations are found to be different for different synthesis methods and also much different from their corresponding bulk counterpart. However, the magnetic performance of these nanoparticles is primarily determined by their respective particle size in all three samples. The results are analyzed in terms of the microstructure and magnetic performance.