Characterization Of Gram-negative Bacteria Research Articles

Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of AmpC and ESBL-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria from Poultry and Abattoir Samples.

The global antibiotic resistance threat posed by ESBL and AmpC-producing Gram-Negative Bacteria (GNB) is a public health menace that rolls back the gains of 'One Health'. This study investigated the antibiogram and prevalence of AmpC and ESBL genes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. from poultry and abattoir milieus in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria. Isolation, identification and characterization of GNB from samples (150 abattoirs and 300 poultry) were done using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST), as well as phenotypic screening for ESBL and AmpC enzymes, was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. PCR technique was used to screen isolated GNB for AmpC and ESBL genes. Exactly 42 E. coli and 8 Klebsiella spp. isolate from poultry samples and another 5 P. aeruginosa isolates from abattoir samples were phenotypically confirmed to be ESBL-producers. AmpC enzymes were phenotypically detected in 8 E. coli and 13 P. aeruginosa isolates from poultry samples. All ESBL and AmpC-positive bacteria exhibited high resistance frequencies to tested antibiotics, especially to the carbapenems and cephalosporins. ESBL genes (CTX-M, SHV-1, TEM) and AmpC genes (ACC-M, MOX-M, DHA-M) were harbored by the isolated GNB in this study. Overall, the DHA-M and CTX-M genes, mediating AmpC and ESBL production respectively were the most prevalent genes harbored by the tested GNB. This study reported that AmpC and ESBL genes are harbored by Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella species and P. aeruginosa) that emanated from poultry and abattoir milieus.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Gram negative bacteria Isolated from Birds of Prey (Raptors)

This study was planned to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Gram negative bacteria isolated from birds of prey (Raptors).A total of 281 fecal swabs was collected from Raptors in Giza zoo. All isolates were subjected to bacteriological and biochemical examination, and some of them to serological and PCR analysis. The results of bacterial isolation revealed that E. coli was isolated with percentage of 51.1%, SalmonellaTyphimurium (1.8%), Proteus spp.(30.9%), Shigella spp.(5.6%), Enterobacter spp.(4.6%), Citrobacter spp.(3.2%), and Pseudomonas spp. (2.8%). The isolated E. coli strains, were found belong to O serotypes in order of frequency O26, O55, O63, O27, O151, untypable,O28a, O148 and O112 with percentage of 20.83%, 20.83%, 16.67% 12.5%, 12.5%, 12.5%, 8.33%, 8.33%, and 4.17% isolates ,respectively. All isolated salmonella strains were found belong to Salmonella Typhimurium serotype. PCR analysis was carried out for all identified serotypes showed that (10/11) 90.9% of tested E. coli strains carried (eaeA) virulence gene, (2/11) 18.18% of the tested E. coli isolates were positive to tsh gene, (3/11) 27.27% of the examined E. coli strains bearing iss gene while, stx1 gene was not found in any examined E. coli strain (0/11) 0%, and stx2 was found in (4/11)36.36% of the examined E. coli strains.

Isolation Identification & Characterization of Gram Negative Bacteria from Popular Street Food (Chotpoti) at Savar Area, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Isolation Identification & Characterization of Gram Negative Bacteria from Popular Street Food (Chotpoti) at Savar Area, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Gram Negative Bacteria from Popular Street Food (Chotpoti) at Savar Area, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Chotpoti is a popular street food in the major areas of Bangladesh. Street foods play an important role in people’s daily food options as well as their regular nutritional requirements are dependent on these foods, as their ever-growing busy schedule takes away the opportunity to eat of homemade food. Due to the expedient availability, these street foods are one of the primary food options for city peoples. The present study was undertaken to investigate the microbiological quality of Chotpoti sold by different street vendor at Savar area, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Microbial quality was assessed by total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC); samples were inoculated into various selective media such as Nutrient agar, Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Salmonella Shigella (SS) agar, Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose (TCBS) agar and Mac Conkey’s agar. Gram negative bacteria were isolated and identified from the samples. The TVC in Chotpoti sample was ranged from 6 × 105 CFU/g to TNTC and TCC was ranged from 6 × 105 CFU/g to 3 × 106 CFU/g. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the isolates were sensitive to antibiotics such as antibiotic against Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol. Data of this study indicated that Chotpoti sold at street around Savar region harbor multidrug resistant food borne bacteria which might cause public health hazards.

PREVALENCES OF ZOONOTIC BACTERIA AMONG SEABIRDS IN REHABILITATION CENTERS ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST OF CALIFORNIA AND WASHINGTON, USA

Many seabirds are rehabilitated annually by wildlife rehabilitation centers along the Pacific Coast, USA. Although various strains of zoonotic bacteria have been isolated from seabirds, risks to rehabilitators at these centers have not been well documented. From November 2001 through January 2003, we determined the prevalence of detectable enteric fauna by isolation and characterization of Gram-negative bacteria from cloacal swabs taken from 26 common murres (Uria aalge), 49 gulls (Larus spp.), and 14 other seabirds treated by rehabilitators in California and Washington (USA). At least 25 bacterial species were identified, including multiple strains of Escherichia coli, as well as Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotic resistance was found in 13 of 19 bacterial isolates tested, including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Potential transfer of these bacteria poses a risk to wildlife rehabilitators and to seabirds in these centers, as well as to free-ranging birds.