Characterization Of Endophytic Bacteria Research Articles

Molecular identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria from root of chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on the nigerian air force shooting range, kaduna.

Chamaecrista rotundifolia is one of the few plant species growing on heavy metal-contaminated Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna. This microbially unexplored plant species can have microbial association with endophytes. This study was aimed at isolating, identifying and characterizing endophytic bacteria associated with the roots of Chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on the Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna. The identification of the endophytic bacteria was done using standard biochemical methods and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The isolates were then screened for antibiotic resistance, plant growth promoting properties and heavy metal tolerance using standard techniques. Varied concentrations of heavy metal salts (Pb2+, Cr3+, Ni2+ and Mn2+) were used to test the isolates for their heavy metal tolerance. Four endophytic bacteria isolated from the roots of C. rotundifolia were Aerococcus viridans, Peribacillus simplex, Staphylococcus simplex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results on antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the four isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics. The isolates possessed plant growth promoting properties by showing positive results for Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) deaminase activity and phosphate solubilizing. Results also revealed that the isolates showed some degree of tolerance to the heavy metals. The tolerance of both A. viridans and P. simplex to chromium and manganese showed significant difference (p<0.05) across all the concentration levels of the metal salts. It is therefore concluded that Chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna, is associated with endophytic bacteria which could be the reason the plant species thrive in heavy metal-contaminated site.
 

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from medicinal plants (Berberis aristata and Xanthium strumarium) for Rosemary plant growth promotion

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from medicinal plants (Berberis aristata and Xanthium strumarium) for Rosemary plant growth promotion

Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria from Medicinally Valuable Mirabilis jalapa L.

Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria from Medicinally Valuable Mirabilis jalapa L.

Diversity analysis of endophytes with antimicrobial and antioxidant potential from Viola odorata: an endemic plant species of the Himalayas.

Viola odorata, also known as "Banafshah" in high altitudes of Himalayas, is well known for its pharmaceutical importance in Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal system. The plant is a source of various drugs for its anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, antipyretic, and laxative properties. The endophytes of plants have been reported for their role in modulating various physiological and biological processes of the host plants. In the present study, a total of 244 endophytes were isolated in pure cultures from the roots of Viola odorata, and genetic diversity was evaluated using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC). The molecular fingerprinting revealed variation among various rRNA types among morphologically different endophytes based on ARDRA and ERIC-PCR. The screening of endophytes showed antimicrobial activity of 11 bacterial isolates and one actinomycete SGA9 against various pathogens Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antioxidant activity revealed the majority of the bacterial isolates able to scavenge the free radical in the range of 10-50% and 8 bacterial isolates in the range of 50-85%. Principal component analysis separated eight isolates away from the central eclipse and form a separate group based on antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The identification of these eight isolates showed affiliation with different species of the genus Enterobacter, Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Streptomyces. This is the first report on the characterization of endophytic bacteria and actinomycetes from endemic Viola odorata. Results suggested that these endophytes could be explored for the production of antimicrobial and antioxidant products.

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria with plant growth-promoting activity of chilli

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria with plant growth-promoting activity of chilli

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from sterile leaf of Acrostichum aureum from Bengkalis Island (Riau, Indonesia) and its potency for antidiabetic

Abstract. Linda TM, Febriarti BL, Zul D, Sofyanti N, Berliansyah A, Delfira N, Devi S. 2023. Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from sterile leaf of Acrostichum aureum from Bengkalis Island (Riau, Indonesia) and its potency for antidiabetic. Biodiversitas 24: 1580-1588. Endophytic bacteria are found in symbiotic plant tissues. These bacteria pose potential sources for the natural product due to their health benefit, e.g., for antidiabetic activity. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria isolates from the sterile leaf of sea fern (Acrostichum aureum Linn.) from Bengkalis Island (Riau Province), Indonesia. Furthermore, to investigate their potency as an antidiabetic agent. The characteristics of isolates bacteria were described based on colony morphology and biochemical tests. A total of six endophytic bacteria were isolated from the sterile leaf of Acrostichum aureum. Their characteristics vary in shape, color, and size. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids and saponin in all the isolates. The results exhibited that the extract of the sterile leaf of A. aureum also gave a similar phytochemical compound of isolate endophytic bacteria. The dendrogram constructed from morphological and biochemical characteristics showed the separation of D.SB 4.2 from other six bacteria strains due to the positive antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli ATCC35218, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Salmonella typhi ATCC14028, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774. Out of six isolates, only isolate D.SB 5.2 was selected for the antidiabetic test. The isolates showed positive results on the activity as a-amylase inhibitor (18.12%). This study provides important information on endophytic bacteria isolates on A. aureum and their potency for antidiabetic agents.

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria with plant growth promoting traits from maize (Zea mays)

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria with plant growth promoting traits from maize (Zea mays)

Exploration of Antibiotics-Producing Endophytic Bacteria Isolates from Betel Leaves in Jambi City Forest Park.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Sources of antibiotics that are cheap and easy to obtain are by exploiting endophytic microbes from betel plants because betel plant extracts are known to produce anti-microbial compounds. This research aimed to obtain isolates of antibiotic producer endophilic bacteria from betel leaves in Jambi city forest park. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This research consists of several stages, sterilization of the collected betel leaf surface, isolation and purification of endophytic bacterial isolates, screening of antibiotic-producing bacteria and characterization of endophytic bacteria. <b>Results:</b> There were 3 types of betel plants found in the area, namely: <i>Piper betle</i> L. (green betel), <i>Piper crocatum</i> Ruiz and Pav (red betel) and <i>Piper aduncum</i> L. (forest betel). In red betel leaves, 9 types of endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained, while only 1 isolate was found in each green betel and forest betel leaf. Of these 11 isolates, 9 of them produced antibiotics. However, only 6 isolates were potential since they had a halo zone bigger than 10 mm for <i>E. coli</i> (gram-negative) and <i>S. aureus</i> (gram-positive). Among these 6 isolates, 5 isolates were from red leaves with isolate codes of BESKJ-m2, BESHKJ-m3, BESHKJ-m4, BESHKJ-m5, BESHKJ-m6 and 1 isolate from forest betel leaves with code of BESHKJ-s1. <b>Conclusion:</b> From the control positive test using chloramphenicol, it was known that the endophilic bacteria had a broad spectrum. The bacterial colonies were white and had an elevation on the surface of the media with flat to irregular margins. The catalase and Gram stain tests showed that the bacteria were Gram-positive.

Characterization of Pseudomonas bacteria of Piper tuberculatum regarding the production of potentially bio-stimulating compounds for plant growth

ABSTRACT Despite advances in the identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria in various plant species worldwide, little is known about such microorganisms in plants from the Amazon region. Previous studies reported that Piper tuberculatum endophytic Pseudomonas (isolates Pt12 and Pt13, identified as Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas sp., respectively) were able to inhibit the in vitro growth of Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, which causes root rot in black pepper (Piper nigrum), and that Pt13 promoted the growth of P. nigrum. Therefore, the aim here was to characterize these bacteria regarding their ability to produce plant growth-promoting substances [siderophores, indol acetic acid (IAA) and soluble phosphate]. Chrome azurol S assays were performed for the detection of siderophores. For qualitative and quantitative assays of IAA production and phosphate solubilization, Salkowski´s reagent and NBRIP medium with molybdenum blue reagent, respectively, were used. Results revealed that Pt12 and Pt13 were able to synthesize IAA, mainly under a high concentration of L-tryptophan, indicating that they are IAA-producing bacteria, probably through a tryptophan-dependent biosynthesis pathway. The presence of P. nigrum extract positively influenced the IAA production by Pt12 and Pt13, with highest values of 125 and 90 µg mL-1, respectively. In addition, Pt12 was positive for the production of siderophores and produced 56.56 µg mL-1 of soluble phosphate. In contrast, Pt13 showed no ability to produce siderophores or to solubilize phosphate. Besides their potential in controlling plant diseases, Pt12 and Pt13 have potential as biofertilizers, favoring sustainable agriculture.

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from tomato foliage and their in vitro efficacy against root-knot nematodes.

Fifteen endophytic bacteria were isolated from leaves and stems of Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum pimpinellifolium collected from different locations of the Jorhat district of Assam and characterized by morphological, cultural, biochemical and molecular approaches. An in vitro study was carried out to evaluate their potentiality as biological control agents against second stage juvenile of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita race2. Thirty second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita race 2 were exposed to cell free culture filtrates of all the 15 bacterial endophytes in a sterile cavity block at a concentration of S(100%), S/2(50%), S/4(25%), S/6(17%) and S/10(10%) for a duration of 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. The results revealed that all the isolates had the potentiality to significantly increase the mortality of the second stage juveniles (J2). The percent mortality was directly proportional to the duration of exposure time and the concentration of the culture filtrate. The isolate BETL2 showed the best result with 81.47% mortality of juveniles followed by isolates BETL4 (81.43%), BETLI (79.07%), BETS2 (78.87%), and BETL6 (78.17%). The 16S rRNA sequence amplification results indicated that these isolates were Bacillus marisflavi (BETL2), Bacillus altitudinis (BETL4), Microbacterium arborescens (BETL1), Exiguobacterium indicum (BETS2), and Bacillus marisflavi (BETL6). The four most efficient isolates were structurally analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and this revealed that the length and breadth of isolates—BETLI, BETL2, BETL4, and BETS2 were 701.70 nm × 348.30 nm, 954.10 nm × 303.10 nm, 984.10 nm × 332.90 nm and 1422.00 nm × 742.00 nm, respectively. The result of the present study indicated that the above four novel strains of endophytic bacterial isolates enhance the mortality of J2 of M. incognita race2 and has the potentiality as biological control agents against M. incognita.

Identification and characterization of promising endophytic bacteria for growth promotion in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

The present study was carried out for the isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from chickpea nodules. A total of 107 endophytes were isolated from five districts of Haryana using three media, viz. YEMA for rhizobia, Pikovskaya and TSA for non-rhizobial isolates. The endophytes were then screened for various growth promoting traits like IAA production, Phosphate solubilization, Siderophore production, ACC utilization, Potassium solubilization and tolerance to NaCl concentrations. Total six endophytes, one rhizobium (HM2) and five non-rhizobial endophytes (RE6, BE13, ME3, HE5, HE7) were selected based on of plant growth promoting traits. Furthermore, the most promising non-rhizobial endophytes RE6 and BE13, compatible with Rhizobial isolate HM2 were Pseudomonas protegens and Bacillus boroniphilus using 16s rDNA sequencing. Both the isolates are non-pathogenic to humans and thus, are potential plant probiotics that can be used as biofertilizers.

Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria in Ciplukan Plant (Physalis angulata)

Biodiversity of endophytic bacteria is a potential biological resource to be applied in various fields, especially in the medical field. Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that live in the host plant tissues which belongs to a symbiosis of mutualism. Ciplukan plant (Physalis angulata) is a herbal plant that is useful as antihyperglycemic, antimicrobe, immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic. Active compounds obtained from plants need a more complicated time and process compared to extracting compounds from bacteria. The study aims to obtain isolates and characterization of endophytic bacteria in Ciplukan plant (Physalis angulata). The method that is used is the isolation of microbe by Nutrient Agar (NA), and morphological characterization with a gram staining technique. The result of isolation of endophytic bacteria in Ciplukan plant (Physalis angulata) obtains the data which the highest mean is in the rhizosphere part that is 13.13 x 10 6 . Isolation of a single colony of endophytic bacteria obtains 20 bacterial isolates which are 12 bacterial isolates of Gram-positive and 8 bacterial isolates of Gram-negative. The result of isolation of a single colony obtains 1 bacterial isolate of endophytic root (AC2) that has characteristic as Actinobacteria which has a form of spherical spore of colony and Gram-positive. Actinobacteria colonies grow by attached to the surface of the media and can produce spores such as powder. Metabolite compounds produced by Actinobacteria have the role of inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, the metabolites produced by Actinomycetes are widely developed as medicinal materials that can cope with various diseases.

Short Communication: Isolation and characterization of the endophytic bacteria, and their potential as maize diseases control

Abstract. Mugiastuti E, Suprayogi, Prihatiningsih N, Soesanto L. 2020. Short Communication: Isolation And Characterization Of The Endophytic Bacteria, And Their Potential As Maize Diseases Control. Biodiversitas 21: 1809-1815. Sheath blight and bacterial wilt are diseases that can reduce maize production. Biological control with the endophytic bacteria offers environmentally friendly control for these pathogens. The study aimed to isolate and characterize the endophytic bacteria morphologically and biochemically and to study their potential to control maize diseases, especially sheat blight and bacterial wilt causing pathogens. The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, from April to August 2019. The study consisted of four stages: isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria, the antagonism test of the endophytic bacterial to R solani, the antagonism test of the endophytic bacteria to Pantoea sp., and the mechanical test of the endophytic bacteria as biological control agents and plant growth-promoting bacteria. Based on the research, four endophytic bacteria isolates have been successfully isolated, and characterized successfully and found have the potential to be developed as biopesticides to control maize disease, especially R. solani and Pantoea sp. Bacillus sp, endophytic from the root (BK.A1; BK.A3; PP.A5) and Bacillus sp. endophytic from the stem (PPD.B2) can suppress the growth of R.solani by more than 50%, have a strong antagonistic index against Pantoea sp (> 4), and can produce protease and lipase enzyme, and phosphate solubilization.

Isolation, identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria from medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia

Medicinal plants are potential hosts to surplus advantageous microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and yeast. Among them endophytic bacteria are the most prospective source of bioactive compounds which are of immense importance to wide range of areas like medicine, agriculture and industry. In the present study, leaf and stem explants of medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia were used for isolation, identification and characterization of bacterial endophytes via morphological, biochemical and molecular examinations. Thirty-eight different endophytic bacterial isolates were screened from sample explants of T. cordifolia. The characterization of bacterial isolates was done by morphological and biochemical methods according to Bergey's manual of systematic Bacteriology. 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity-based method was used further for molecular identification of isolated bacterial strains. The isolated species were from different bacterial genera i.e. Bacillus, Aneurinibacillus and Pseudomonas. Out of thirty-eight bacterial isolates, twenty bacterial species were acquired from leaf and eighteen from stem explants. This investigation revealed that both stem and leaf of medicinal plant T. cordifolia are excellent reservoir for bacterial endophytes. The screened endophytic bacterial isolates offer the scope to exploit them further as potential source of novel bioactive metabolites and prospective biopesticides and biofertilizers.

English

English

Detection and characterization of endophytic bacteria causing knot in young olive trees

Olive knot is an important disease in most countries where olives are commercially grown. In the spring of 2015, some galls were observed on the trunk and branches of 4-year-old olive trees in the north of Iran. The bacteria were isolated from galls and all isolates were gram-negative, aerobic, and capable of producing florescent pigment. Other phenotypic characteristics of the isolates were assessed. Pathogenicity tests were carried out on olive branches incubated with different isolates. Primary symptoms were observed after two weeks. Sequences of 16S rRNA and RNA polymerase beta subunit genes of pathogenic isolates were completely similar to Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Smith 1908) Young et al. 1978 in GenBank. Based on the results from phenotypic analyses, pathogenicity tests and phylogenetic data, the isolates were identified as P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi. The host range of our isolates was specific to olive trees. None of the inoculated oleander (Nerium oleander L.), winter jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl.), Japanese privet (Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) developed disease symptoms. No difference in disease resistance was observed between six studied olive cultivars. There was no olive tree or orchard around the studied orchard as far as more than one kilometer. As the disease agent listed in Iran’s foreign quarantine pests and diseases list, appropriate quarantine and phytosanitary measures were undertaken to eradicate the disease.

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from roots of Piper nigrum and their activities against Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita

Abstract. Wiratno, Syakir M, Sucipto I, Pradana AP. 2019. Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from roots of Piper nigrum and their activities against Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita. Biodiversitas 20: 682-687. The endophytic bacteria from spices plants have potential as biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, their potential has not been explored. Pepper plant (Piper nigrum L.) is linked with promising endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents. This study aimed to obtain isolates of endophytic bacteria from root tissues of pepper plant. The isolation of endophytic bacteria was done using surface-sterilization method and using Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) medium. The result showed that 10 endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated. We found that a total of 9 bacteria were safe for plants and mammals and used for subsequent steps. The selected bacteria showed inhibition activity of Fusarium oxysporum (18.6 to 43.7%). Furthermore, the secondary metabolites of the endophytic bacteria also promoted lethal effects on Meloidogyne incognita (16.6 to 65.8%). The physiological activity also showed that seven isolates were able to produce chitinase, and four (4) isolates were able to produce protease. Additionally, 55.6% of isolates were also able to dissolve phosphorus and fix nitrogen. This study provided fundamental information related to the biocontrol properties of endophytic bacteria isolated from pepper plant roots.

Isolation, Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria from Psidium Guajava Plant and Screening of their Antibiotic Activities

Isolation, Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria from Psidium Guajava Plant and Screening of their Antibiotic Activities

Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria from Piper longum

Endophytes are non-pathogenic microorganisms that reside within internal tissues of plant, without causing any apparent symptoms of infection. In an attempt to identify endophytes from Piper longum, the Indian long pepper, a combination of conventional and molecular approaches was used. Using culture-dependent approach, six different bacterial isolates were obtained from various surface-sterilized parts (roots, nodes, internodes, petioles, leaves and spikes) of the plant. In general, roots harboured maximum concentration of endophytic bacterial isolates, while leaves contained the minimum levels. These endophytes were analyzed on the basis of colony morphology and biochemical characteristics. Based on the results obtained after BLAST search of 16S rDNA sequence in NCBI database, the endophytes isolated from Piper longum showed highest similarity to Endophytic bacteria 135L-3, Enterobacter sp. SQ6-43, Bacillus casamancensis strain TN3, Alishewanella sp. JS-30, Bacterium B28 and Enterobacter ludwigii strain g45. Most of the identified bacteria belong to the phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, whose members have been reported to act as growth-promoting bacteria in other plant species. Some of these endophytes tested positive for the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid and hydrogen cyanide, suggesting their potential roles in plant growth promotion and biological control against pathogens, respectively.

Characterization of endophytic bacteria and their response to plant growth promotion in Helianthus tuberosus L.

The endophytic bacteria isolated from the leaves, stems, tubers and roots of Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke) were studied and characterized. The isolated endophytes were clustered by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) technique and identified by 16 S rRNA sequencing to demonstrate bacteria diversity, mainly in Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Microbacterium, Curtobacterium. The proportions of endophytes exhibited colonization (from most to least) in stems, leaves, roots and tubers. The more isolates had ACC (1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase and nitrogen fixation, the less they showed phosphate and potassium solubilization. Antifungal activity was exhibited only in Bacillus, while many isolates had stress tolerance in polyethylene glycol. Six endophytic bacteria were recolonized into 2 varieties of Jerusalem artichoke (HEL65 and JA102xJA89) and showed increases in height, root and stem weight, and tuber number. The potential local endophyte, Pantoea ananatis 4.14 responded to the tuber by increasing inulin content, which is a valued product of Jerusalem artichoke.