Characterization Of Cotton Research Articles

UV protective textile: Experimental and DFT computational studies on the function of some metal complexes of hydrazide derivatives on cellulose fabrics

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to the skin. Therefore, it capitalized on the properties of thiophene and pyridine derivatives to prepare new textile‐protective agents with improved UV protection factor (UPF) factor. This embodies the preparation and characterization of “2‐((3‐cyano‐4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐6‐(thiophene‐2‐yl)pyridine‐2‐yl)oxy)acetohydrazide” (HZ) in complex with Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), or Cd(II), using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis techniques. Characterization of cotton fabric‐based cellulose (CELL) in complex with the synthesized agents using FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM–EDX) revealed deposition of the hydrazide and its metal complexes on the cellulosic fiber. Interestingly, cellulose complexation with Cu(II) was observed to have the highest value of the UPF. Computation of the reactivity indices using density functional theory (DFT) supports this finding, where the electrophilicity parameter of the modified fabric was found to correlate with the UPF wherein Cu(II) shows the highest value. The synthesized complexes could, therefore, provide lead structures for developing new UV‐protective agents with enhanced coating characteristics.

Comparative studies on seed protein characteristics in eight lines of two Gossypium species

BackgroundIn order to achieve the targets aiming at the improvement of protein quality, knowledge regarding seed protein fractions and polypeptides constituting them in different crops is essential. Besides having high nutritional value as animal feed and human food, the protein isolates from cottonseed meal have also been proven promising as industrial raw materials for a number of applications. As far as Indian work on the characterization of cotton seed proteins is concerned, relatively meagre reports are available. Keeping in mind the importance of cotton seed proteins, lines belonging to Gossypium arboreum L. (Indian cotton) and G. hirsutum L. (American cotton) which are grown in all the major cotton growing states in India were selected for analysing their seed protein characteristics.ResultsWhereas G. arboreum (A-genome) lines revealed a lower range of seed protein content i.e. 19.5~24.3%, an upper range (21.8~29.5%) could be observed in lines of G. hirsutum (AD-genome). Globulins represented dominating fraction in both species followed by albumins, glutelins and prolamins. A significant positive correlation between albumins/globulins and seed protein content in G. arboreum /G. hirsutum, respectively, was observed. Intraspecific electrophoretic variation in seed protein extracts was observed in the region of molecular weight 22 kDa - 27 kDa in lines of both the species; however some lines with A-genome showed similarity in banding pattern with AD-genome. Four polypeptides with disulphide-linkages were also reported for the first time. Albumins were observed to reveal more variations in their electrophoretic pattern between the lines of two species followed by globulins.ConclusionOn the basis of present and previous studies, screening the lines with low or high protein content will lead the selection of lines with superior polypeptide fraction important for nutritional and industrial purposes. On comparing the composition and behaviour of four 2-S linked polypeptides with other plant groups, these were suggested to be legumin-like in nature. The similarity in banding patterns between the lines of A-genome and AD-genome species marked towards the close evolutionary relationship between these two. Albumin fractions on the basis of our results could be taken for cultivar differentiation in cotton crop.

Functionalization and characterization of cotton with phase change materials and thyme oil encapsulated in beta-cyclodextrins

Abstract The aim of this work was to study the production of comfortable cotton plain-weave fabrics with antibacterial and antifungal characteristics through a simple finishing process, which consists in applying microcapsules of phase change materials (mPCM), monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD) and thyme oil. The fabrics were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Contact Angle and Infrared Thermography. The thyme oil release was also analyzed, as well as the antibacterial and antifungal activity. The materials treated with 20 μL/mL of thyme oil have shown anomalous oil release mechanisms, according to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, and activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Trichophyton rubrum , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans . Therefore, it was reached the conclusion that mPCM, conjugated with thyme oil encapsulated in MCT-β-CD, proved to be an interesting option to produce materials possessing thermoregulation properties with putative clinical relevance for the prevention of infections, particularly dermatophytosis.

Development and characterization of cotton, organic cotton flat knit fabrics coated with chitosan, sodium alginate, calcium alginate polymers, and antibiotic drugs for wound healing

This article deals with development and characterization of cotton and organic cotton flat knit bandages for wound healing. Bioploymers such as chitosan–sodium alginate, sodium–calcium alginate, and their mixtures were coated on the bandage and subjected to Fourier transform–infrared and scanning electron microscope analysis. Bacteria present in infected wound samples were identified using different bio-chemical methods. Three antibiotic drugs were selected based on the antibiotic sensitivity test and incorporated into the polymer-coated samples to improve the antibacterial and wound healing properties. Further, the antibacterial activities of the samples were evaluated against the identified bacteria in the wound for about 4 days. The strongest antibacterial activity was found in chitosan–sodium alginate–calcium alginate coated with chloramphenicol and tetracycline hydrochloride drug-loaded cotton and organic cotton samples. Hence, these bandages are suitable for quick wound healing process.

Surface modification and characterization of cotton and polyamide fabrics by plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisilane and hexamethyldisiloxane

PurposePlasma polymerization is a very promising technique to produce functional textile materials for any textile end uses as well as for high performance clothing. It can be possible to obtain highly cross‐linked, pinhole free and very thin polymer films up to 1 μm thickness with unique physical and chemical properties. These films can be used as very effective barriers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influences of plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) on the surface properties of cotton and polyamide fabrics.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on the surface modification of the cotton and polyamide fabrics by plasma polymerization of HMDS and HMDSO. The fabrics are modified by low pressure low temperature RF (radio frequency −13.56 MHz) plasma polymerization system under different power and time conditions. The changes in surface structure and morphology of the fabrics are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM).FindingsWater repellency of polyamide fabrics is strongly enhanced after plasma polymerization of both HMDS and HMDSO monomers. In addition to this, the treatments are found to slow down the vertical flame spread in cotton fabrics.Originality/valueIncreased water repellency and decreased vertical flame spread are achieved using plasma polymerization technique in a very short time with very little amount of chemical and without water and auxiliary agent.

Cloning and characterization of cottonGhBGgene encoding β-glucosidase

Beta-1,4-glucosidase (BG, EC3.2.1.21), one of three cellulases, is a widespread family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides in both prokaryocytes and eukaryotes. Here, we report the isolation of a full-length cDNA encoding beta-1,4-glucosidase protein (designated as GhBG) and its putative function in the process of fiber development and in yeast. Through random sequencing of the cotton fiber cDNA library from 7235 germplasm line, with elite fiber quality in Gossypium hirsutum L. and utilizing the 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique, a 2133 bp cDNA clone encoding a cotton fiber specifically expressed protein (accession number: DQ103699) was isolated. GhBG was composed of a 1884 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 627 amino acid residues. This putative protein had an isoelectric point of 8.17, a calculated molecular weight of 68.78 KD and a signal peptide with 23 amino acid residues at the N-terminal. RT-PCR analysis indicated GhBG was specifically expressed in fiber cells and was highly abundant in 5-17 day post anthesis (DPA). It was not, however, expressed in root, hypocotyls or leaves. Southern blotting analysis showed there were two copies of GhBG in the upland cotton genome; most likely contained in sub-genome A and sub-genome D. GhBG was then integrated into a yeast expression vector, pREP-5N and electro-transformed into fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Q-01. The results demonstrated that GhBG led to a significant increase in cell length and width and a remarkable decrease of the length/width ratio. Compared to vector control transformants, cells were significantly larger and rounder and their growth velocity was also reduced.

The Dependence of Stiffness and Strength of Gossypium hirsutum Cotton on Crystallite Orientation

The crystallite orientation angle obtained from x-ray diffraction patterns can be used for varietal characterization of cotton at the molecular level. The 40 and 50% x-ray angles are usually taken as representative parameters to correlate with the strength of the fiber. Although the 50% x-ray angle has some theoretical justification, like the use of the half-width of spectral lines, the choice of the 40% x-ray angle is arbitrary. From the study of 24 Gossypium hirsulum cotton varieties reported in this paper, it is observed that the average angle of orientation αm evaluated from the Hermans orientation factor fc gives better correlations with mechanical properties than the 40 and 50% x-ray angles con ventionally used.

Characterization of Cotton Dusts Separated by Sonic Sifting

Fine dusts in Pneumafil V-filter trash samples were separated into 20-38- μm and < 20- μm fractions. The trash samples were generated from individual bales of cotton carded in the Model Card Room at North Carolina State University. A total of 62 samples has been separated to date, and the results are summarized in this paper. The quantity of fine dust is shown to vary with carding conditions as well as with treatment of the cotton. Addition of oil is shown to decrease the amount of fine dusts separated. The dust yields increased with the increase of the amount of cotton in a cotton/polyester blend study. Washing cotton resulted in no major change in the amount of dust that could be separated. However, the use of an electrostatic eliminator bar near the Pneumafil intake caused a significant increase in the amount of dust trapped on the Pneumafil V-filter trash. The mean amount of dust separated from the 62 Pneumafil samples was 6.53 g/bale for the < 20- μm fraction and 18.81 g/bale for the 20-38- μm fraction.