Characterization Of Briquettes Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of Briquette from Carbonized Pinus Patula Saw Dust as Alternative Energy Source

This study aimed at the synthesis and characterization of briquette from Pinus patula saw dust using different binders. The effects of particle size and type of binder on the fuel qualities of the briquette were investigated. The bulk density of biomass causes handling, storage, and transportation problems that limit its large application. Densification of biomass into briquettes can solve these problems. The experimental results indicate that briquette produced from waste paper, fruit waste, cow dung, and starch flour binders has higher calorific value, higher fixed carbon, and lower ash content. Whereas, molasses and wood ash binders decreased the calorific value and fixed carbon and increased the ash content of the briquette. As a result, a maximum calorific value of 6596 cal/g, fixed carbon content of 62.6%, and ash content of 3.66% are obtained using waste paper. The calorific value of 6232 cal/g, fixed carbon of 48.74%, and ash content of 3.33% was obtained using fruit waste while the calorific value of 6194 cal/g, fixed carbon content of 59.94 %, and ash content of 5.35% was observed when cow dung is used. When starch flour is used, a calorific value of 6170 cal/g, fixed carbon content of 54.63%, and ash content of 2.63 was obtained. Therefore, waste paper, fruit waste, cow dung, and starch flour are promising binders that improve the fuel qualities of biomass briquettes.

Production and characterization of briquettes from sugarcane bagasse of Wonji Sugar Factory, Oromia, Ethiopia

AbstractBriquetted biomass, like sugarcane bagasse, a by-product of sugar mills, is a renewable energy source. This study aimed at the production and characterization of bagasse briquettes. The production of briquettes was carried out with different blending ratios (5, 10, and 15%) and average particle sizes (0.75, 2.775, and 4.8 mm) with various binders of cow dung, waste paper, and admixture (molasses and wastepaper). The bagasse underwent drying, size reduction, sieving, binder addition, and densification using a manual press during the briquetting process. Characterization of the physical and combustion parameters of briquettes, such as density, shatter resistance, proximate, and calorific value, followed the American Society for Testing and Materials procedures. The result shows that the maximum density of briquettes was 0.804 g/cm3, while shatter resistance varied from 83.051 to 94.975% (4.8mm, 5% cow dung and 0.75mm, 5% admixture binders respectively). ANOVA analysis showed that the factors and their interactions had a significant influence (p value < 0.05) on the physical properties. The optimum parameters of briquettes achieved were 14.953% admixture binder, 0.776 mm particle size, 0.805 g/cm3 density, and 95.811% shatter resistance. Bagasse briquettes with a 5% cow dung binder achieved a high calorific value of 39927.05 kcal/kg. The ultimate analysis revealed a composition of 47.49% carbon (C), 5.133% hydrogen (H), 1.557% nitrogen (N), 0.374% sulfur (S), and 45.446% oxygen (O). Therefore, bagasse has a high calorific value and can be used for briquetting to replace fossil fuel and firewood in different applications. In addition, due to its availability, utilizing as fuel source has economic advantage. Graphical abstract

Characterization of briquettes produced from eucalyptus wood waste generated in agro-industries

ABSTRACT Boilers are widely used by industries and thermoelectric plants to generate renewable energy. However, when biomass is consumed, residues are generated, which for the most part cannot be discarded appropriately. This study investigated the reuse of eucalyptus wood waste with the goal of transforming the residue into resistant and durable briquettes for reuse in furnaces and boilers. The physico-chemical properties of the residue were studied in terms of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence, and its crystalline structure was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. Both thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the thermal decomposition of the wood waste residue. The residue was compacted in a universal press with sufficient humidity to fabricate briquettes under different conditions of mechanical pressure. Apparent density, durability, and burning tests were carried out on the briquettes. The maximum temperature reached during burning is dependent on the fabrication compaction pressure. The briquettes proved suitable for burning in boilers and furnaces, and their durability is advantageous for handling, reuse, and transportation.

PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BRIQUETTES FROM CASHEW LEAVES AND BANANA LEAVES ADMIXTURE.

The rapid increase in the world’s population and urbanization is a threat to non-renewable energy source; crude oil. This necessitates the use of biomass and agricultural waste as an alternative source of energy. This study is aimed at production and characterization of briquettes from Cashew Leaves (CL), Banana Leaves (BL) and CL- BL admixture using Cassava starch as binder. The volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value and other physico-chemical parameters of the briquettes were examined under the same experimental condition. The volatile matter, fixed carbon and calorific value of 68.29±0.06 %, 16.51±0.07 % and 23.52±0.02 MJ/Kg respectively were recorded in sample E (at 100% BL) followed by sample D (25% CL+ 75% BL admixture) with 68.34±0.03 %, 16.01±0.03 % and 22.91±0.01 MJ/Kg respectively at p < 0.05.While sample A (100% CL) recorded an average volatile matter, fixed carbon and calorific value of 69.40±0.01%, 12.36±0.02 % and 21.06±0.03 MJ/Kg respectively. The finding of this study shows that the incorporation as well as increase in the percentage of BL in CL-BL admixture progressively improved its quality as biofuel.

Physical characterization of briquettes produced from paper pulp and Mesua ferrea mixtures

This study was carried out to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of briquettes made from a mixture of paper pulp and Mesua ferrea leaves. Paper pulp/ground Mesua ferrea leaves mixtures prepared were of 80–20%, 60–40%, 50–50% ratio and 100–0% mixture which served as a reference briquette. The mixtures were densified at a room temperature of 28 °C under three different compression pressures; 5.1, 10.2, and 15.3 MPa. The characteristics of the briquette samples were assessed in terms of moisture content, density, shatter index and calorific value. The findings revealed the following range of values for all samples; moisture content (5.55–12.33%), density (0.24–0.37 g/cm3), shatter index (79.18–99.9%), and calorific values (15.77–18.99 MJ/kg). Specifically, 100–0% briquettes yielded the highest moisture content and the lowest calorific value as expected. In contrast, the 50–50% briquettes yielded the lowest moisture content, highest calorific value and lowest shatter index. The quality of these briquettes was found to be comparable to biomass briquettes produced from other agricultural waste. The novel contribution of this study was the use of garden waste to develop briquettes with appropriate physical and thermal qualities that could serve as alternate fuel sources for local applications.

Characterization of Briquette from Crab Shell (Portunus pelagicus) with The Addition of Pati Adhesive

Briquettes is a solid fuel that can be used as an alternative energy source which has a certain shape. This study aims to determine the effect starch adhesive material on the characteristics of briquettes from crab shells waste. the percentage used between the crab shells and the adhesive were 85%: 15%, 80%: 20%, 75%: 25% and 70%: 30%, with the size of the powder sieve 40 mesh. Mixed crab shells powder and starch produces water content of 4.34-5.25%, where the value is in conformity with the desired moisture content SNI. The addition of adhesive on crab shell briquettes generates density values ranged from 0.33-0.52 g/cm3. The content of the ash content in the shells of crabs briquettes are 45 to 68.5% and volatile matter content is generated is equal to 51.70-52.41%.

Production and characterization of briquette from the activated charcoal of corncob

The briquettes made of activated charcoal of corncob (Zea mays,L) have been produced and characterized. The charcoal powder was firstly sieved by a 80-mesh strainer for grain homogenization. Then, it was activated at two different temperatures i.e. 550°C for 30 minutes, and 650°C for 20 minutes by using the electric furnace. The activated charcoals powder were mixed with sago powder as an adhesive agent with mass ratio of 9:1 and under stirring condition using the hot water. In other to investigate effect of compaction pressure, then it was transferred into a cylindrical mould with diameter of 4 cm and pressed at different pressure: 70.33 kg/cm2, 94.22 kg/cm2, and 117.78 kg/cm2. After drying process at temperature of 60°C for 48 hours, the characteristic of the briquettes were investigated. The average density are ranging from 0.40 to 0.64 g/cm3, the moisture content 3.75% to 0.53%, and the ash content 5.03% to 6.97%. The volatile matter varies from 10.06% and 17.37%, consequently the fixed carbon changes from 74.81% to 82.21%. The highest caloric energy produced by the briquette is at the level of 6784.82 cal/gr were achieved at processing temperature of 550°C, and pressure of 117.78 kg/cm2. This quality is appropriate for industrial standard of processing briquette.

Preparation and characterization of leaf-based biobriquette with tapioca as adhesives

The fall leaves waste are abundantly and freely available from trees which are grown aims for reforestation and environmental sustainability purposes such as Samanea saman, Filicium decipiens, and mahogany trees. However, burning fallen leaves used to be standard practice across some local areas though most municipalities now ban or discourage the incendiary practice due to the air pollution causes bad impact to human health and the environment, and often results in dangerous wildfires. Also, ash particulates irritate the eyes and throat and restrict visibility. On the other hand, the powder of those dried leaves is potential raw materials for briquettes as an alternative source of energy provide proper carbonation process. This paper reports the preparation and characterization of briquettes from the powder of those dry leaves utilized tapioca as an adhesive. The proximate analysis showed that the lowest water content was 6.13% obtained from carbonization of Filicium decipiens briquettes, the lowest ash content was 4.66% for non-carbonization briquettes Samanea saman, the lowest volatile matter was 29.85% for carbonization briquette Samanea saman, the highest fixed carbon was 49.32% for briquette carbonization Samanea saman. The highest calorific value was 5,236 cal/g received from carbonized Filicium decipiens briquettes. It was concluded that the use of tapioca as adhesive could improve the calorific value of as prepared briquettes.

Characterization of Briquette from the Corncob Charcoal and Sago Stem Alloys

The briquettes fabricated from charcoal of corncob (zea mays,L) and sago stem (metroxilon sago rottb) have been produced and characterized. The samples were prepared step by step carefully. The charcoal powder filtered by strainer with mesh size of 70-80 to get the homogeneous particle size. Briquettes are made by mixing corncob charcoal powder, sago stem charcoal and sago adhesive with a mass ratio of 4:5:1, 4.5: 4.5: 1, 5:4:1. The materials are mixed with hot water and stirred to get homogeneous blend. Then they are compacted by pressure of 34.66kg/cm2, 69.32kg/cm2, and 103.98kg/cm2 to form a cylindrical shape with diameter of 4 cm. The cylindrical briquettes then were dried at temperature of 60°C for 48 hours. After dried, the samples where then characterized their density and water, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon contents. The burning rate, combustion temperature, and ignition time were also determined. The experimental results show that the briquettes have average densities from 0.602 to 0.717gr/cm3. The density increase with the increasing of forming pressure. The increasing of pressure also result in the decreasing of moisture content from 2.669% to 0.842%. The ash content is found from 3.459% to 8.766%. Volatile matter and fixed carbon are varies from 13.658% and 21.168% and 67.667% to 80.758% respectively. The lowest burning rate is 0.0898gr/s and the optimum burning temperature is 499.2°C with the lowest ignition time of 1.58 minutes. These briquette’s parameters agree wit the quality standard of industrial briquette.

Characterization of Briquettes Used for Slag Foaming in the EAF during Stainless Steel Production

The modern sustainable stainless steel making industry is characterized by different factors such as an efficient utilization of energy in the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) by a slag foaming practice and an utilization of waste products from its own production facilities. In this study, the foaming briquettes applied for a combined slag foaming and waste product reduction in the EAF are characterized. The recipes of the briquettes were made based on a literature review and previous experience. Afterwards, the composition and density of briquettes were estimated and compared to calculated data. Moreover, weight reduction experiments were made on a laboratory scale at temperatures up to 1500 °C in an argon atmosphere in order to characterize the products (metal, slag, and gas). Based on these results, the calculations were compared with experimental data. The following main results were found: (i) the density of briquettes can be successfully verified, (ii) briquettes have different mechanical properties depending on the materials used for production of briquettes, and (iii) the briquettes yield in different amounts of metal and gas. Moreover, it was found that light briquettes (without FeCr) produced almost double the amount of gas in comparison with heavy briquettes (containing FeCr); valuable metals can be recovered from briquettes, and recipes of briquettes can be optimized based on the amount of metal droplets in briquettes and the total utilization of carbon.

Characterization of Briquettes Coming From Compaction of Paper and Cardboard Waste at Low and Medium Pressures

This study concerns the experimental charac- terization and compaction of paper/cardboard coming from waste of the city of Ouagadougou. The characterization results show that the category of waste of paper and card- board encountered in Ouagadougou contains 39 % corru- gated cardboard, 28 % of office paper, 18 % of non- corrugated cardboard, 7 % of newsprint and 8 % of papers used for commercial printing. The compaction of office paper, corrugated cardboard and mixed paper/cardboard and green waste (10 % by mass of ''leaves'') was performed for the production of three types of briquettes at pressures between 1 and 10 MPa. Results analysis of physical parameters (index of resistance to impact, density, humidity, calorific value, rate of relaxation) of obtained briquettes were used to determine the optimal pressure of compaction which is 6 MPa, for each initial mixture of waste compacted.