Characterization Of Biodiesel Research Articles

Obtaining and characterization of biodiesel by transesterification from sunflower oil

Obtaining and characterization of biodiesel by transesterification from sunflower oil

Harnessing waste glycerol to mitigate salinity constraints in freshwater microalgae cultivation for enhanced biodiesel recovery

The current study investigated the synergistic effect of waste glycerol and salinity on Scenedesmus obliquus cultivation for enhanced biomass and biodiesel production. Optimal glycerol concentration was identified at 0.08 M supplementation, resulting in 23.1 % significant increase in biomass productivity. However, higher glycerol concentrations resulted in growth retardation. Salinity of +200 % NaCl showed positive impact on the growth, with the highest recorded dry weight of 1.76 g/L and biomass productivity of 0.206 g/L.day. However, further increases in salinity resulted in 53.4 % reduction in biomass yield at +800 % NaCl compared to +200 % NaCl. The combined treatment of the optimum glycerol concentration at different salinities (Glyc + Salin) showed superior growth performance up to +600 % NaCl, which confirmed mitigation of salinity inhibitory effects. Glyc + Salin exhibited the highest recorded nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies (98.1 % and 96.6 %, respectively at day 8), dry weight (2.02 g/L), and biomass productivity (0.231 g/L.day). Notably, lipid content increased to 240.4 mg/g dw, and lipid productivity reached 56.0 mg/L.day, representing 76.1 % improvement over the control. Biodiesel characteristics, including cetane numbers and iodine values, showed also improvement, confirming the potential of Glyc + Salin for sustainable microalgal cultivation and biodiesel production.

Unleashing the power of non-edible oil seeds of Ipomoea cairica for cleaner and sustainable biodiesel production using green Molybdenum Oxide (MoO3) nano catalyst

This research aims to conduct a thorough analysis of the novel and cost-effective use of Ipomoea cairica L. seeds as a potential feedstock for green energy technologies. Ipomoea cairica L. seeds (42 % oil, 0.67 % free fatty acid content) were used as a promising source for producing sustainable biodiesel using novel green Molybdenum Oxide (MoO3) nanocatalyst. The Ipomoea cairica seeds utilized in this study serve a dual purpose: they provide feedstock for the future energy mix, and their seed shells (considered waste) are used as a starting material for synthesizing green nanocatalysts. The highest biodiesel yield of 95 % was achieved under optimal reaction conditions of 1:15 oil to methanol molar ratio, 50 °C, 120 min, and 0.4 (wt.%) catalyst loading. In order to evaluate the quality and characteristics of the resultant biodiesel and synthesized nanocatalyst, a detailed examination was conducted utilizing analytical techniques such EDX, XRD, FTIR, SEM, NMR (1H, 13C) and GC–MS analysis. The phytofabricated nanocatalyst unveils highest recyclability (up to 5 cycles), reactivity, stability and efficiency during transesterification operations. The produced biodiesel was also optimized using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken Design). When compared to conventional diesel, the biodiesel made from Ipomoea cairica L. seed oilshowed better oxidative stability and reduced viscosity, suggesting that it might be a viable replacement for conventional fuel without compromising engine performance. Moreover, using untamed, uncultivated, and non-edible seed plants to produce biodiesel presents a chance to move toward a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy plan.

Production and Characterization of Ackee Apple (Blighia sapida) Seeds and African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) Seeds Oil Mixtures and their Biodiesel

This paper focused on the characterization of oils and biodiesels derived from Ackee apple seeds and African star apple seeds obtained from local markets. The oils from individual seeds and their mixtures at varying ratios were characterised for relative density, free fatty acid, acid, iodine, and saponification, which yielded 0.91 g/cm3, 1.06 mg-KOH/g, 2.12 mg-KOH/g, 38.36mg-iodine/100g, and 195.74 mg-KOH/g of ackee seed oil, respectively. And 0.89 g/cm3, 2.105 mg-KOH/g, 4.2 mg-KOH/g, 52.49 mg-iodine/100 g, and 227.7 mg-KOH/g of African star apple seed oil, respectively. The highest relative density of 0.9064 g/cm3 and free fatty acid of 3.73 mg-KOH/g were achieved from the mixture of ackee apple and African star apple seeds’ oils at 80 and 20%, respectively, while the highest saponification of 221.264 mg-KOH/g and iodine of 49.66 mg-iodine/100 g were obtained from the oil mixture of 20 and 80%, respectively. Also, the oils extracted from the seeds, were subjected to a transesterification process to produce biodiesel. 144°C flash point, 206°C fire point, and 2.8°C cloud point were obtained from the biodiesel of the oil mixture of 20 and 80%, respectively. Further analysis of the mixtures showed low volatility and high resistance to fire due to their high flash and fire points. The highest value recorded for the flash point is lower when compared with some other seed oils flash points; however this value is higher than the standard flash point for biodiesels .Highest boiling point of 64°C was attained at an oil mixture ratio of 60 and 40%, respectively. This value is too low compared to the normal boiling point range of 315-350°C for biodiesels, and the high acid values recoded for the mixtures make the oils inedible. The oils, however, have advantages over other edible seed oils as they will serve as valuable ingredients in the soap-making industries since they are not competing with food resources.

Analysis of biodiesel and fatty acids using state-of-the-art methods from non-edible plants seed oil; Nicotiana tobaccum and Olea ferruginia

The long-term socioeconomic and environmental alternative to fossil fuels is biodiesel. Current biodiesel manufacturing research has developed competitive, sustainable methods. The study validates and explains biodiesel benefits while increasing output. Physicochemical characterizations, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission (ICP-OES), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are studied. In this study, we discovered two inedible plant seeds, specifically Olea ferruginea (OF) and Nicotiana tobaccum (NT), which exhibited significant oil contents of 30–49% by weight; both seeds had minimal amounts of free fatty acids contents of 1.1% and 0.9%, and biodiesel yield 96.4–97.9% after an optimization process, i.e., methanol/ oil ratio (6:1), KOH concentration (0.32), temperature (65 °C), stirring rate (700 rpm), and time (60 mins). A comprehensive analysis was performed to investigate and contrast the physical, chemical, and compositional attributes of the FAMEs with those of mineral diesel. Gas chromatography determined biodiesel's chemical composition and detected various fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) i.e. palmitic (9.7–14.0), stearic (1.8–3.2), oleic (25.5–47.2), linoleic (8.5–32.2), α-Linolenic (3.6–1.1), arachidic (2.4–0.8), and gondoic acid was (48.5–0.5%), respectively. In novel biodiesel characterization, NMR spectroscopy defines and assigns sample chemical structures to identify and quantify unsaturated long-chain alkyl esters. NMR spectroscopic biodiesel methanol quantification is an alternative to official methods. 1H NMR revealed the molecular hydrogen nuclei. This study examines all biodiesel purity and transesterification performance parameters. Producing cost-effective and optimal biodiesel requires the intent of these properties. Inedible seeds can be cultivated in infertile terrain to improve biodiesel production and solve the energy dilemma.

The Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Corn Oil Biodiesel with Titanium Oxide (TiO2) Nano-additive

This experiment produced biodiesel from corn oil through transesterification. Fuel mixture proportions were changed to assess engine performance and reduce fossil fuel emissions. This study examined brake power, mean effective pressure, mechanical efficiency, brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency, and emissions such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and NOx. 20% of corn oil was blended with diesel to make biodiesel. The fuel characteristics of the corn oil methyl ester matched ASTM standards. Experimental results were obtained by operating a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine under various load conditions. Titanium oxide nanoparticles in the biodiesel reduced HC and CO engine emissions whereas, there was an increase in CO2 and NOx emissions. Combustion parameters such as cumulative net heat release rate and fuel line pressure decreased whereas, cylinder pressure and net heat release rate increased; the sample BD20 + 100 ppm TiO2 sample exhibited appreciable results.

Exploring the efficiency and emission characteristics of hydroxy-boosted canola biodiesel in comparison to traditional diesel fuels

In this research, we experimentally examined how incorporating HHO into blends of 20% canola biodiesel with 80% diesel and 40% canola biodiesel with 60% diesel impacts the engine’s performance and its emission traits. Canola oil, widely used in Europe, served as the biodiesel base. The addition of HHO, recognized for its potential to improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions which were deteriorated by biodiesel addition. The findings revealed decrement on fuel consumption as 5.74% and 4.43% and rise in thermal efficiencies as 3.92% and 3.97% with HHO addition compared to B20 and B40, respectively. Besides that, CO emissions were reduced significantly up to 35.43%, while CO2 emissions decreased moderately up to 14.93% compared to diesel fuel. On the other hand, biodiesel and HHO addition increased NOx emissions as 49.80%. Utilization of biodiesel and HHO in diesel engines offers a straightforward way to reduce emissions and enhance fuel efficiency, addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainable transportation.

Characteristics of Biodiesel Produced from Crude Palm Oil through Non-Alcohol Synthesis Route Using Dimethyl Carbonate and Immobilized Eco-Enzyme Catalyst

Biodiesel, an alternative to traditional diesel, is essential for the sustainability of long-term energy supplies and often synthesized through a non-alcoholic route called interesterification. The described synthesis method facilitates the modification of oil and fat by exchanging acyl radical groups between triglyceride and alcoholic acid (alcoholysis), fat (acidolysis), or ester (transesterification). Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of the reactant ratio between crude palm oil (CPO) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), along with the use of an eco-enzyme catalyst, on biodiesel characteristics. The CPO:DMC ratio was 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3, while the immobilized eco-enzyme catalyst was 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6% of CPO mass. The results showed that interesterification with a 1:3 reactant ratio using a 4%wt catalyst was the best procedure, producing biodiesel yield of 73.65%, density of 0.860 g/mL, viscosity of 4.63 mm2/s (cSt), flash point of 113 °C, calorific value of 34.454 MJ/kg, and cetane number of 70.6%.

Physical-Chemical Properties of First-Generation Biofuel Aiming Application in Diesel Locomotive

Theoretical framework: A biodiesel fuel is made from long-chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oil or animal fat. Similarities between physical-chemical characteristics of diesel and biodiesel make their mixture feasible. Environmental benefits achieved by using biofuels to drive machines has increased their contribution in energetic matrixes. Objective: The aim of this research is to produce soybean and sunflower biodiesel in the laboratory using a transesterification reaction and to examine the biodiesel specifications for utilization in compression ignition engines. Method: The physical-chemical properties of the biodiesel measured in the present work are density, viscosity, cetane index, flash point, pour point, and cloud point. Results and conclusion: For soybean and sunflower biodiesel, density (867 kg/m³, 860 kg/m³), viscosity (5.29 mm²/s, 5.30 mm²/s), Centane index (53.88, 55.66), flash point (187°C and 135.6°C) are reported respectively. Regarding the pour point, cloud point, were only determined for sunflower biodiesel, respectively, -2°C and 13°C. The results indicate that these properties, density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, as determined from the soybean and sunflower biodiesel are within the limits established by The Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, Resolution No. 45 of the ANP of 08/25/2014 – DOU 08/26/2014. These values are, respectively, 850-900 kg/m³, 3-6 mm²/s, at least 100°C.The produced biodiesel presented behavior similar to diesel S10 proving its viability of use. Research implications: As a result of such thorough research, we are able to compare many characteristics of soybean and sunflower biodiesel with commercial diesel S10. This research is critical to the performance evaluation of a compression ignition engine and the potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions associated with conventional diesel.

Experimental investigation and gray relational optimization of engine parameters to improve the output characteristics of an ammonia biodiesel powered dual fuel combustion engine

An innovative approach to this research is to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of biodiesel with premixed ammonia energy in a dual-fuel combustion engine and determine the best operating conditions for optimal engine responses. Experimental results of a 40% ammonia energy premixing fraction with direct injection of a biodiesel blend of 30% (40%AEPF + B30) at 80% load improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 8.42% while reducing brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) by 13.28%. It also reduces the hydrocarbon (HC) emission by 16.8%, the carbon monoxide (CO) emission by 15.06%, and the smoke opacity by 26.8%. As opposed to this, carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are elevated by 21.5% and 16.54%, respectively, relative to the 40% ammonia energy premixing fraction with direct injection of diesel (40%AEPF + Diesel). Thereafter, the ANOVA technique is also utilized to analyze the impact of operational parameters, and the findings show that the responses are statistically significant. Additionally, the results are utilized in a grey relational analysis (GRA) based optimization process to determine the appropriate operational variables. According to optimization results, 40%AEPF + B30 at 80% load provides the most efficiency and fuel economy. It is capable of being used as an alternate fuel instead of conventional diesel.

Manufacturing Biodiesel from Cooking Oil Teaching Factory Products Using Bentonite Catalyst with Non-Alcohol Route Method

This research investigates an eco-friendly approach to biodiesel production through non-alcoholic pathways using heterogeneous catalysts. The study examines various ratios of methyl acetate to cooking oil and temperatures, revealing that the optimal conditions for biodiesel production are a 1:4 ratio, utilizing a bentonite catalyst (0.75 g), operating at 60°C for 120 minutes. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirms the presence of ester groups, the primary component of biodiesel. Most biodiesel characteristics align with quality standards, including density (0.8844 kg/m3), cetane number (61.9), and acid number. However, the biodiesel flash point falls below the minimum standard, suggesting a potential area for improvement. This research underscores the potential of using methyl acetate as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production, with most biodiesel characteristics meeting established quality standards, although further work may be needed to address the flash point issue.

Biodiesel production and exploring properties of Datura stramonium L. oil with its optimization using combined approaches-Taguchi, grey relational analysis, and response surface methodology.

Biodiesel production through the synthesis of Datura stramonium L. oil is studied to explore the most efficient approaches to suggest an alternate feedstock for biodiesel production. The main objective of this work is to optimize the process variables of biodiesel synthesis by using some statistical approach (Taguchi method, grey relational analysis (GRA), and response surface methodology (RSM) analyzing three parameters, i.e., alcohol-to-oil molar ratio, catalyst (NaOH) concentration, and process temperature for achieving maximum biodiesel derived from Datura stramonium L. oil. The transesterification process is applied by using an ultrasonic-assisted technique. Grey relational analysis (GRA) was successfully applied with the Taguchi method resulting in the optimum combination of A2B1C1. Based on the findings, the best operating conditions for transesterifying are attained with the RSM approach consisting of a 5.697:1 molar ratio (level 2), 0.3 (wt.%) NaOH concentration (level 1), and 70 °C process temperature (level 1). With a value of 87.02%, these ideal operating conditions produce the maximum yield as compared to grey relational analysis (GRA) yields 83.99%. The obtained results have been verified through the characterization of oil and biodiesel as well. Also, the fuel qualities of DSL biodiesel were identified and assessed. DSL oil was found 137.6 degrees of unsaturation during fatty acid profile analysis. DSL biodiesel was found the best kinematic viscosity (4.2 mm2/s) and acid value (0.49) when compared to Karanja and palm biodiesel. D. stramonium L. was recognized as a suitable species for biodiesel feedstock according to the findings.

Production of Biodiesel from Candlenut Seed Oil (Aleurites Moluccana Wild) Using a NaOH/CaO/Ca Catalyst with Microwave Heating

Oil fuels derived from fossils are non-renewable, so over time, they will run out and have a negative impact on air pollution. To overcome this, there is a need for environmentally friendly alternative fuels from renewable sources such as biodiesel. This research used microwave heating with a CaO catalyst. NaOH-impregnated snail shells and active carbon support. This research aims to determine the effect of power on the conversion of candlenut seed oil into biodiesel using the NaOH/CaO/CA catalyst both in terms of compliance with the SNI 7182-2015 standard and analysis using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The synthesis of the NaOH/CaO/CA catalyst was carried out through wet impregnation and calcination at a temperature of 500°C and analyzed using gas sorption analysis (GSA). Then proceed to the transesterification process, where the power for microwave heating was varied to 300, 450, and 600 watts with a mole ratio of esterified oil and methanol, namely 1:10 for 3 minutes. The analysis results of the NaOH/CaO/CA catalyst using the GSA instrument have a surface area of 9.306 m2/g, pore volume of 0.033 cc/g, and pore diameter of 14.043 nm. Meanwhile, the results of the biodiesel analysis showed that the optimum biodiesel yield was 85.625% at 600 watts of power and had a kinematic density and viscosity that met the SNI 7182-2015 biodiesel standards. Analysis of biodiesel characteristics using GC-MS showed that the three most optimum biodiesel components were hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (22.664%), 9,12-Octadedecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (30.176%) and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (38.656%).

Characterization and optimization of waste-derived biodiesel utilizing CNT/MgO nanocomposite and water emulsion for enhanced performance and emission metrics

Efficiently managing agricultural plant residues is a growing concern, leading to a focus on converting waste materials into valuable resources. The Rutaceae family, especially Citrus maxima peel oil (CMPO), has potential for biofuel production, but research on its use remains limited, especially in terms of fuel modification. This study aims to extract biofuel from Citrus maxima peel and characterize its chemical components. To enhance efficiency and align with environmental goals, the study suggests integrating water and a nanocomposite into CMPO. An eco-friendly method was employed to synthesize a carbon nanotube (CNT)-induced magnesium oxide (MgO) nanocomposite that was extensively characterized. Fuel combinations were derived using a Box-Behnken design matrix, and optimization followed, emphasizing performance and emission parameters. Analysis of the elemental composition and free fatty acid profile of extracted CMPO highlights its potential as an alternative fuel. Optimal concentrations of CMPO, water, and nanocomposite in diesel fuel were found to be 27.6%, 12.2%, and 64.9 ppm, respectively. Confirmation tests validated improved performance and emission outcomes under these optimal conditions. Projected performance and emission parameters closely align with experimental findings. The proposed fuel combination is expected to achieve a significant 40% reduction in the demand for petroleum derivatives.

The Influence of Butanol-Acetone (BA) Mixture on Spray and Performance Characteristics of Castor and Pongamia Biodiesel

The Influence of Butanol-Acetone (BA) Mixture on Spray and Performance Characteristics of Castor and Pongamia Biodiesel

Optimizing biodiesel production from waste with computational chemistry, machine learning and policy insights: a review

AbstractThe excessive reliance on fossil fuels has resulted in an energy crisis, environmental pollution, and health problems, calling for alternative fuels such as biodiesel. Here, we review computational chemistry and machine learning for optimizing biodiesel production from waste. This article presents computational and machine learning techniques, biodiesel characteristics, transesterification, waste materials, and policies encouraging biodiesel production from waste. Computational techniques are applied to catalyst design and deactivation, reaction and reactor optimization, stability assessment, waste feedstock analysis, process scale-up, reaction mechanims, and molecular dynamics simulation. Waste feedstock comprise cooking oil, animal fat, vegetable oil, algae, fish waste, municipal solid waste and sewage sludge. Waste cooking oil represents about 10% of global biodiesel production, and restaurants alone produce over 1,000,000 m3 of waste vegetable oil annual. Microalgae produces 250 times more oil per acre than soybeans and 7–31 times more oil than palm oil. Transesterification of food waste lipids can produce biodiesel with a 100% yield. Sewage sludge represents a significant biomass waste that can contribute to renewable energy production.

Experimental study of the transient properties of a diesel and castor biodiesel blend in a mini boiler with the optimal combustion efficiency

The researcher looks into alternative fuels because petroleum fuel is becoming increasingly scarce and energy demand is rising as a result of population expansion. In this work, experimental investigation of the transient characteristics of castor biodiesel and diesel is conducted. Castor crude oil was extracted with a Soxhlet apparatus. The crude oil is then transformed into biodiesel using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst in the esterification process. Different experimental procedures are employed for the small boiler (VITOLA 200) to ascertain the combustion performance, emission characteristics, and thermal efficiency with regard to time for blends of 10%, 20%, and 30% castor biodiesel. The results are then compared to 100% diesel fuel combustion performances. By setting the boiler pressure, mass flow rate, and damper opening to 200 kPa, 1.25 kg hr−1, and 41/2, respectively, the experiment tests are carried out. The outcomes demonstrated that the antioxidant from moringa increased the stability of the castor biodiesel blend’s combustion, resulting in an increase in cetane number to 56.61, which was significantly higher than the minimum cetane number (37.55) required to have good ignition. Furthermore, the 30% castor biodiesel blend results in a boiler with a maximum thermal efficiency of 63.25%. Additionally, a 30% castor biodiesel blend can reduce CO2 and HC emissions by 27.53% and 15.2%, respectively. Since the boiler uses heavy fuels, the investigation found that gasoline can be substituted with a blend of castor biodiesel and moringa antioxidant fuel. This seems like a promising way to lower greenhouse gas emissions while simultaneously improving the boiler’s overall efficiency.

A Visual Study on of HCB/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Combustion Strategy and Premix Ratio in a Diesel Engine

Article A Visual Study on of HCB/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Combustion Strategy and Premix Ratio in a Diesel Engine Qian Wang *, Botian Guo, Lixuan Cao, Xu Liu, Yi Jiang, and Jiawei Yao School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China * Correspondence: qwang@ujs.edu.cn Received: 8 November 2023 Accepted: 22 January 2024 Published: 30 January 2024 Abstract: This study investigates the combustion characteristics of hydrogen catalysed biodiesel (HCB) ignited gasoline in an optical engine using the Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion model. The experiment uses a single injection strategy to determine the optimum injection timing for gasoline ignition by varying the HCB injection timing (-30 to -15° CAATDC) and the ratio of high to low reactivity fuel energy (10% to 30%), to investigate the gasoline premix ratio, and to analyse the flame development characteristics. The results indicate that as the HCB energy ratio increases, the in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate increase significantly, and the in-cylinder combustion temperature improves significantly. As the injection timing is delayed, the combustion phase shifts back, and when the injection timing is close to the upper stop, the in-cylinder combustion pressure and heat release rate increase first increase and then decrease. Based on the results, it can be concluded that optimising the HCB injection timing and energy ratio can effectively control the distribution of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber, thereby improving combustion efficiency and emission performance. By strategically adjusting the injection timing, an ideal balance between fuel stratification and flame propagation can be achieved, which ultimately improves the overall combustion process. The results of this study provide valuable insights for the further development of combustion control strategies and contribute to the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly engine technologies.

Combination of alkaline biodiesel-derived crude glycerol pretreated corn stover with dilute acid pretreated water hyacinth for highly-efficient single cell oil production by oleaginous yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum

Single cell oil (SCO) prepared from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol (BCG) and lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) via oleaginous yeasts is an intriguing alternative precursor of biodiesel. Here, a novel strategy combining alkaline BCG pretreated corn stover and dilute acid pretreated water hyacinth for SCO overproduction was developed. The mixed pretreatment liquors (MPLs) were naturally neutralized and adjusted to a proper carbon-to-nitrogen ratio beneficial for SCO overproduction by Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum. The toxicity of inhibitors was relieved by dilution detoxification. The enzymatic hydrolysate of solid fractions was suitable for SCO production either separately or simultaneously with MPLs. Fed-batch fermentation of the MPLs resulted in high cell mass, SCO content, and SCO titer of 80.7 g/L, 75.7 %, and 61.1 g/L, respectively. The fatty acid profiles of SCOs implied high-quality biodiesel characteristics. This study offers a novel BCG&LCB-to-SCO route integrating BCG-based pretreatment and BCG/LCB hydrolysates co-utilization, which provides a cost-effective technical route for micro-biodiesel production.

Investigation of Substitution Energy for Engines Recovered from Synthetic Fuels Enhanced by Dimethyl Ether

Climate change and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, it is important to utilize alternative fuels, which can help ease its impact on the environment. Besides, waste disposal is an important aspect to take into account, especially given the versatility and financial feasibility of synthetic polymers. The research in the article refers to the investigation of the synthetic fuel’s effectiveness, which is produced using waste synthetic polymer, and, due to the mixture of dimethyl ether in diesel engines, serves as an addition to this fuel. The performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel derived from synthetic rubber through the pyrolysis process are examined in this study. Furthermore, dimethyl ether is introduced as an additive at two different volume concentrations, specifically 25% and 50%, with the aim of improving the engine characteristics. The impact of these additives on the overall biodiesel performance and emissions is thoroughly investigated to provide insights into the potential benefits of utilizing synthetic rubber-derived biodiesel in combination with dimethyl ether in engine applications.