Characteristics Of Small Businesses Research Articles

ТИПОЛОГИЯ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The article examines the characteristics of small businesses in the Russian Federation from the point of view of various aspects: formal legal, economic, as well as tax and special statuses, the presence of which provides access to certain measures of state support. The terminological aspect in relation to the concepts of small business and small entrepreneurship is analyzed. A typology of Russian small businesses according to selected groups of criteria is proposed in order to form a clear set of criteria for comparing this sector of the economy with small businesses in other countries, as well as for a clearer understanding of the system of providing benefits and support from the state to small businesses.

Статистико-экономический анализ состояния и развития овцеводства и козоводства в крестьянских (фермерских ) хозяйствах Российской Федерации

The article establishes a positive trend in the dynamics sheep and goat population in peasant (farmer) households from 1990 to 2022, in contrast to agricultural organizations and household farms, which led to structural shifts in farm categories. In 2000, the share of sheep and goats in peasant (farmer) households accounted for only 6% of the total livestock in all categories of farms, but by 2022, it reached 40%, with the total number of sheep and goats in the Russian Federation increasing from 15 to 21 million during this period. The article presents a methodology for analyzing the state and development of sheep and goat farming in the Russian Federation, focusing on peasant (farmer) households. To analyze the dynamics of the sheep and goat population in peasant (farmer) households, sub-periods were identified and piecewise-linear functions were used to align the data. The highest slope (average annual absolute growth) was observed from 2000 to 2008, with an increase of 753 thousand head per year. From 2009 to 2016, it decreased to 468 thousand head per year, and the last period (2017–2022) is characterized by a declining trend, with an average annual decrease of 156 thousand head. The proposed approach to factor-based analytical grouping based on sheep and goat population data from Form № 1-KFH, provided by peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs receiving subsidies from the federal budget or regional budgets of the Russian Federation. The methodology was tested on a sample of almost three thousand households specializing in sheep and goat production. In contrast to publications on the data of All-Russian agricultural censuses and micro-censuses, the characterization of the identified groups is given by a system of performance indicators, as it is done in countries with developed economies in general and agriculture in particular. Based on the grouping, a positive correlation between the animal population and the overall production size and its efficiency was established, which can be used for developing targeted state support measures. The developed methodology can be used to analyze and forecast the development of the sheep and goat farming industry, taking into account the characteristics of small businesses in agriculture.

Enhancing learning in small businesses

AbstractThis study addresses knowledge gaps relating to how small business owner/managers facilitate employee learning and how distinctive characteristics of small businesses affect employee learning. Data were collected through interviews with owner/managers and employees and observation of conditions in the physical, social, and organisational environments that might help or hinder informal learning. The findings provide a situated, context‐sensitive, and triangulated account relating to two research questions. We find that owner/manager physical and social proximity to employees is a key facilitating factor. Proximity creates the potential for owner/managers to facilitate learning through modelling, provision of immediate feedback and guidance. The owner/manager's positive influence on learning stemming from their physical and social proximity to employees is accentuated by owner/managers employing management styles facilitative of learning. Our findings suggest that a “family‐like” culture and the social cohesion in the businesses had enabling effects on employee participants' informal learning, while their lack of opportunities for formal learning would have inhibiting effects.

Strength-based approaches for small businesses: analysis from employees and managers in Western Australian motor vehicle industry

PurposeThe authors wanted to find out if small businesses adopted strengths-based approaches and whether they were beneficialDesign/methodology/approachThe interviewees came from small businesses in Western Australia with between five and 19 employees in the motor vehicle industry where there are high-value products. There were 30 participants from 17 businesses, including owners, managers and employees, such as technicians, mechanics and tire fitters. Data was gathered using semi-structured face-to-face interviews of about 40 minutes.FindingsThe researchers found that the managers used an SBA to select employees during periods of temporary employment. But they did not use an SBA for employee selection during interviews, training or performance evaluations.Originality/valueThe authors said it was the first empirical study of the SBA in small businesses. It had practical lessons for businesses. First, the data suggested poor awareness of SBA by managers and many need practical guidance from small business advisors. Second, managers found it hard to assess strengths and relied on observations. Software tools could help. Finally, the characteristics of small businesses could help them adopt the new approach. These include lots of face-to-face interaction between managers and employees.

Characteristics of the ERP Systems Designed for Managing Small Businesses

This article mainly aims to introduce the particular charactersitics of the ERP systems, used for managing small businesses, by answering several basic questions related to this topic: What do we generally understand by ERP systems? What is the essence of ERP for small business? What is the role of ERP for small business? What do we understand by small business? What are the characteristics of small business? What is the role of small business in society? What are the basic problems of small business? What is today’s business environment? In this respect, the report introduces the essence and the role of the ERP systems used for managing small business organizations in a structured and summarized way. It shows how the specific characteristics of small business and today’s business environment affect the ERP configurations, compared to those used in large organizations. At the end of the paper, a summary is provided of the characteristics of the ERP systems used for managing small organizations.

SMALL BUSINESS IN THE MARKET ECONOMY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN A PANDEMIC

In modern economic conditions, the topic of the article is relevant, since great importance is attached to the development of small business throughout the world. This is due to the fact that one of the main criteria for an efficient economy is a high proportion of small businesses. The article sets the goal, which was to identify and analyze the main problems of small business development in the context of a pandemic and crisis, as well as to find ways to solve them. The subject of the research is the activities of small businesses in the context of a pandemic and economic crisis. The work reveals the main features and characteristics of small business, reflects force majeure circumstances associated with the pandemic, which entailed a crisis in the world economy. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the activities of small businesses are a priority in the context of a pandemic and crisis; the main factors influencing the low efficiency of state support for small businesses are identified. The main research methods are comparative, systemic, statistical analyzes. The author pays special attention to the search and selection of new mechanisms and methods for the development of small business in the context of a pandemic and after its completion.

Отношение малого бизнеса Курского региона к цифровой экономике: социологический анализ

The relevance of the study lies in the need to clarify the attitude of small businesses to the digital economy and to determine the most significant characteristics that this attitude. The results of expert interviews showed that some experts - representatives of small businesses - do not support the development of the digital economy. The purpose is clarification of the attitude of small business in the Kursk region to the digital economy. Objectives: determination of the attitude of small business to the development of the digital economy; determination of general, digital and habitual characteristics of small business in the region and study of their impact on attitudes towards the digital economy. Methodology. To accomplish the assigned tasks, the following methods were used: analysis of statistical information; small business questionnaire. The definition of the habitual structure of small business was made by comparing the orientation of the main disposition of the respondents and their effective capital. Results. 26 percent of entrepreneurs have a positive attitude towards the digitalization process, 50 percent chose the answer "rather positively than negatively", 16 percent have a more negative than positive attitude, 4 percent have a negative attitude to the digital economy. The reference habitual structure of small business in the Kursk region shows that about 90 percent of small businesses can support the development of the digital economy and have a positive attitude towards the digitalization process. Conclusions. The results of the study allow us to assert that general and digital characteristics can have only a slight effect on the attitude of small businesses to the digital economy, the main influence on the attitude of small businesses to the digital economy is exerted by habitual characteristics. At the same time, the majority of respondents who expressed a negative attitude to the digitalization process have a “preservation” disposition orientation, and it is practically impossible to change their opinion. However, there are also a number of respondents whose expressed opinion may change when creating the necessary conditions for this, aimed at implementing habitual practices, which can be expressed in real events related to increasing digital indicators and awareness of the opportunities and support provided by the state for the development of the digital economy.

СУЧАСНІ ВИКЛИКИ ДЛЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ МАЛОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ

The article investigates the problematic issues of small business development in difficult socio-economic conditions. The current state of development of business entities as a result of the introduction of quarantine as a result of COVID-19 is analyzed. Emphasis is placed on providing jobs for small businesses, as well as other factors that have a direct impact on their activities and development. The defining characteristics and problems of the main segments of entrepreneurship are clarified: individuals - entrepreneurs, micro-enterprises, small enterprises. Attention is paid to the main characteristics of small businesses: prevalence, geographical location, employment, productivity and the predominant field of activity. The main obstacles to the activities of small businesses are systematized, in particular: lack of access to finance, lack of a state support system, low level of innovation, limited opportunities for exports, excessive tax pressure, corruption. A group of limiting factors that currently affect the conditions of doing business is considered. These include: systemic factors, the impact of which can be eliminated or minimized as a result of the implementation of business development strategy and "background" factors that characterize the impact of the external environment on business and form the general conditions of its development. The study substantiates the importance of state support for the development of small businesses. The real state of support of small and medium business by the domestic government is considered - temporary reliefs for business during quarantine: reduction of financial obligations of small businesses to the state, provision of financial and consulting products on favorable terms: loan to replenish working capital, refinancing investment and working capital loans, deferred repayment of loans, imposing a moratorium on tax audits during quarantine, partial mitigation of penalties for late registration of tax invoices, non-payment of taxes, non-compliance with agreements with partners and financial institutions. It has been found that small business support should be comprehensive and on an ongoing basis. The ways of overcoming negative factors and factors for small and medium business in the future are offered: continuation of preferential conditions for enterprises, creation of anti-crisis fund, realization of credit programs, development of venture capital, creation of programs, directions. small business.

KARAKTERISTIK USAHA KECIL MENENGAH DAN PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI SERTA SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL UKM DI JAKARTA TIMUR

The purpose of this study is to analyze the practice of accounting information system and internal control by Small Business in Indonesia. The Small businesses in Indonesia still face various problems, especially about funding. This funding issue arises because of the limitations of small businesses in the infrastructure of accounting records. There is no support to access funding from the Bank. Considering there are several levels of small businesses, it is also interesting to examine how the characteristics of small businesses are related to the extent of the application of accounting information systems, and the implementation of internal control. Data were collected through surveys using questionnaires distributed to small businesses in East Jakarta. The results of data analysis support previous research that small business has not apply the information system of accounting widely, scores obtained by most small business low both for accounting information system and internal control system.

Development of Small Business in the Altay Territory in 2010-2015

The article considers main trends in the small business of the Altay Territory according to results of 2011 and 2016 full-scale observations that follow the results of activities of small and medium-sized enterprises in 2010 and 2015.In the introduction, the author argues the relevance of the economic and statistical analysis of small business, which is essential for its support, as it is one of the government’s priority areas of activity at all levels when it comes to solving problems of socio-economic development. There are characteristics of information support of the analysis related to the implementation of the Federal Law No. 209-FZ from July 24, 2007 «On small and medium business development in the Russian Federation» and the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 201-r from February 14, 2009.The body of the article successively focuses on some areas of analysis - from the general characteristics of small businesses to the factual analysis of individual aspects of activities of the economic entities under review (headcount, wages and revenues, fixed assets and the scope of investment activities). The features of small enterprises development by economic activity are analyzed separately. An integrated indicator of structural differences is used to assess the significance of structural changes in small businesses. A cluster analysis of the Altay Territory municipalities was carried out and they were rated according to the small business development level. In addition, the author assessed the contribution of small business of the Altay Territory to the development of small business in the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation.The final section of the article draws conclusions from the authors’ own specific analysis that points to both positive and negative trends in the development of small business in the Altay Territory.

Methods of developing a competitive strategy of the agricultural enterprise

This article examines the features of the use of various strategies, as the basis for creating a competitive advantage of an agribusiness with stable positions both for entry and for keeping a high level during various financial changes in a market economy. Developed or selected strategy should be based on a comprehensive analysis of the business with strengths and weaknesses. The distinction between the strengths and weaknesses of a business, and accordingly the grouping of its features into advantages and disadvantages, allows them to be more accurately taken into account when choosing a strategy that provides competitive advantages. The reasons for the poor viability of various business aspects are the lack of development and the validity of strategies that reduce both the competitiveness and profitability of various enterprises. The given structure of strategies and their correct modernization in business will make it possible to enhance the stability of the presence of an enterprise afloat of financial success. Competitive advantages of a business are the advantages manifested in the position of the firm in the market, which is more advantageous in relation to competitors and is achieved using methods and tools of strategic planning that take into account the characteristics of small business.

The owner-manager’s role as a facilitator of informal learning in small businesses

ABSTRACTFew studies have examined the owner-manager as a facilitator of learning in small businesses. Furthermore, these studies are typically not framed by distinctive characteristics of small businesses. These limitations of the literature stimulated us to ask: How do the situational opportunities and constraints that emanate from the distinctive characteristics of small businesses affect the small business owner-manager’s role as a facilitator of learning? To address this question, we first conducted a narrative review of existing research on the owner-manager as facilitator of learning in small businesses (10–49 employees). Four themes emerged from our analysis of research findings, including a theme that owner-managers are seldom directly involved in facilitating employees’ learning. Next, we conducted an integrative review of literatures that discuss (a) indirect approaches managers can adopt to facilitate learning; and (b) small business characteristics. We focussed on four high-impact indirect approaches owner-managers can use and examined how employment of each approach might be enabled or constrained by distinctive characteristics of small businesses. The integrative review generated ten research propositions. We also synthesized a conceptual framework that illustrates the main variables to be studied and presumed relationships among them. Based on our analysis of literature, implications for policy and practice are proposed.

Problems of small business development and their influence on the migration activity of the population in mountain areas of the Carpathian region of Ukraine

The basic prerequisites for the development of small business in mountain regions and the degree of their differentiation with other territories of the Carpathian region of Ukraine are generalized. The paper establishes that the increase of business activity of the population, increase of scale and efficiency of activity of small business entities as a source of job creation, increase of employment and increase of residents’ well-being are a significant untapped resource for the development of mountain regions of Ukraine. The main obstacles to the development of small business in the mountain regions of Ukraine, which accelerate the migration activity of the population in the course of conservation, are characterized. Based on the results of public polls, the causes that led to the deterioration of the functional characteristics of small business in the Carpathian region of Ukraine are identified and the deficiencies of the state migration policy in the context of mountain areas development are highlighted. The paper outlines the perspective directions of development and increase of functioning efficiency of small business in the mountain regions of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, including: opening of new business objects, starting their own business, including at the expense of employees, creation of clusters (other local integrated structures), launching and expanding cooperative practices, creating new business entities, increasing the number of employees in the small business sector. Measures have been developed to support and create an enabling environment for the development of small business as a leading factor in maintaining demo-reproductive potential and eliminating disparities in the socio-economic development of the mountainous regions of the Carpathian region of Ukraine. The whole set of measures is combined in several directions: improvement of financial resources for small business; improving the business environment for small business development; improvement of regulatory regulation of small business development.

Influence of Business Characteristics on Selection of Investment Evaluation Techniques: The Case of Tanzanian SMEs

This study was conducted in two phases; first as a survey and second as a case study. The study used a cross-sectional survey design to explain the business characteristics influencing the selection of investment evaluation techniques among Tanzanian SMEs. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data to a sample of 301 SMEs drawn from SIDO in Dar es Salaam and Dodoma regions. Data were collected though questionnaires and transformed into suitable format for analysis using statistical packages for the survey, while for the case study interviews were used. Statistical techniques used in this study were descriptive (frequency distributions) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis) which were used to determine whether or not there is a relationship between business characteristics and selection of investment evaluation techniques. Results of this study shows that, sales growth, industry of business, level of education and finance education of owners, were the business characteristics that influence the selection of investment evaluation techniques.Theoretical and practical contributions in the area of investment decisions for SMEs in Tanzania are made based on the findings of the study. On theoretical contributions, the study provided a better understanding on small business characteristics and how they influenced the selection of investment evaluation techniques. On practical contributions, owners should maintain high sales growth; improve education background by attending short courses on financial management, because these two characteristics significantly affect the selection of investment evaluation techniques.

SMALL BUSINESS GROWTH IN THE CONTEXT OF TOURISM

The discussion evolves around the conceptof small business considering specific characteristics andespecially external factors influencing their performance,more specifically their growth. Analysis related to smallbusiness have noticeably grown in the last twenty years,being for a long time outshined by the global dominance oflarge businesses operations. The huge presence of smallbusinesses in any economy provides a basis for reviewingvarious aspects related to their operations. In terms of theincreasing importance of small business for the recoveryand growth of world economy, the characteristics of smallbusinesses are relevant and important research areas. Smallbusinesses have been considered to be dominant in areaswhere conducting business is strongly influenced by tourism.This paper is oriented strongly towards the issues andsettings of small business with a focus on those situated inthe touristic region of Ohrid, Macedonia. Hence the purposeof this research effort is to determine whether the growth ofsmall businesses is influenced by different aspects,especially the regional aspect of being active in a touristicregion. The empirical research includes 89 companies fromthe most prominent touristic destination in Macedonia, thecity of Ohrid. A multiple regression analysis is used or anempirical point including multiple independent variable andone dependent variable reflecting various aspects of theproposed discussion focusing around growth and tourism.

Exploring Availability and Use of Workplace Health Promotion Supports Within Missouri Small Businesses

Abstract Date Presented 3/30/2017 This study highlights a disparity in access to health promotion activities for small business employees. Community-based occupational therapists have the skill set to leverage the characteristics of small businesses and use resources to implement health programs designed for small businesses. Primary Author and Speaker: Christopher Enke Contributing Authors: Ann Marie Dale, Bradley Evanoff, Jamie Strickland, Anna Kinghorn

Distinctive Characteristics of Small Businesses as Sites for Informal Learning

Few studies have examined workplace factors that influence informal learning in small businesses and in general the studies are not framed by the characteristics of small businesses. To address this weakness in existing literature, we conducted a review of literatures which examine (a) workplace factors that influence informal learning, (b) small-business characteristics, and (c) factors influencing informal learning in small businesses. The several workplace factors that influence learning were categorized as job and relational and organizational characteristics. Each category was examined in relation to characteristics of small businesses. We outline what is known about each category and what we need to learn about them as they relate to informal learning in small businesses. For each category, propositions are generated that should be examined in future research. We also produce a heuristic conceptual framework that can be used to focus and bound future research that tests a different set of propositions.

Социально-экономическая роль малого предпринимательства сферы услуг в поступательном развитии России

Objective: to assess the socio-economic significance of small business in the services sector of national economy and to develop effective tools of its infrastructural support, basing on the characteristics of the services sector.Methods: systematic approach was applied to identify the characteristics of small businesses in the services sector; methods of comparative and statistical analysis were used to assess the contribution of small business in service sector to the economic development of the country; methods of analysis and synthesis revealed problems of development of small business in service sector; program and target method was used to develop infrastructural tools to support small businesses.Results: social and economic characteristics of small business in services were determined; the contribution of small business in service sector into the economic progress of the country was assessed; the problems and peculiarities of development of small entrepreneurship in services were identified and examined. Basing on the analysis of problems of small business growth and its role in the progressive development of the economy, the necessity of state support is proved, and the effective tools of infrastructure support for small businesses are determined, basing on the characteristics of the service sector.Scientific novelty: the characteristics of small business in services are identified and grouped by economic and social principle; the growing contribution of the small business in service sector to the Russian economy is proved, and its backlog from the developed economies is confirmed; problems hindering the development of small business are identified. Basing on the problems, effective tools for small business support are developed and offered.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the research can be used in scientific activity to study the development and infrastructural support of small business in services sectors; they can be used by public authorities to develop a strategy of small business development and programs of services development, as well as forms, methods and tools of infrastructural support of small business.

A change in the importance of mortality factors throughout the life cycle stages of small businesses

The aim of this paper is to describe the mortality factors and the change in the importance of these factors throughout the life cycle stages of small businesses. Research on mortality of small businesses ignores the characteristics of small businesses and the life cycle stage they are at the time of closure. A systematic mapping study was conducted to explore the literature on mortality factors in small businesses and understand the state of the art of the theme. The relevance of mortality factors distributed among three categories: owner-manager, business and environment have changed throughout businesses life cycle stages. Such variation states one of the main life cycle theory assumptions that a factor can have a beneficial influence during one specific stage and a negative influence during another stage. The attention given to the variation of importance of mortality factors during businesses life cycles results in implications for all those concerned in strengthening small businesses.

‘We are very focused on the muffins’: Regulation of and compliance with industrial relations in franchises

The highly successful franchising approach contains features of both large and small firms. We develop a ‘diverse accountabilities’ model of franchise organisation of employment relations, acknowledging the limitations of agency theory in explaining differences between franchisors’ treatment of product and employment matters, particularly those associated with compliance with industrial legislation and awards. The model was broadly consistent with existing literature and our own multiple-case study of Australian food franchises. High rates of compliance with industrial relations (IR) standards were unlikely. The involvement of franchisors in franchisees’ IR activities appeared to vary substantially, but was always well below that provided in other human resource management (HRM) or product-related issues. Evaluation and monitoring of franchisee behaviour is often neglected, and instead the consequences of non-compliance, if discovered, are potentially serious for the franchisee. Our approach helps explain the treatment of IR in terms of financial benefits for franchisors of operating a business model with marketing and product management features – and to some extent HRM features – of a large business, but the IR characteristics of small businesses.