Characteristics Of Sexual Violence Research Articles

The prevalence of sexual violence against African women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

High rates of sexual violence ratios in low-income countries are recognized as a global public health problem. The incidence of violence against African women has been increasing. However, no study has systematically summarized the global prevalence of sexual violence against African woman. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, databases from their inception through January 2021 for pertinent studies on reporting the prevalence of sexual violence against African women. We included observational studies. The prevalence rate was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. Differences by study level characteristics were estimated through subgroup analysis and meta-regression. A total of 9 cross-sectional studies were included (a total of 9,030 participants). The pooled sexual violence rate was 0.33 (95% CI = 0.23-0.42). Subgroup analyses found that there was a higher rates of sexual violence against pregnant woman in east Africa (0.41, 95% CI = 0.24-0.58), pregnant (0.42, 95% CI = 0.05-0.80), and interview (0.40, 95% CI = 0.01-0.78). The analysis found that the major sexual violence types were the physical violence (0.19, 95% CI = 0.07-0.31), psychological violence (0.36, 95% CI = 0.11-0.61), sexual assault (0.25, 95% CI = 0.02-0.47). Nearly one out of every three (33%) African woman around the world has been a victim of sexual violence in their life. This current study investigated the status and characteristics of sexual violence against women, which could provide an important reference for the African health care provider. Assessing this problem against African women helps government officials, policy makers, program designers and non-governmental organizations to design prevention and controlling strategies.

Analysis of reported cases of sexual violence in Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, 2011–2018

Backgroundsexual violence includes all sexual acts consummated or attempt to obtain them, unwanted sexual comments and actions that go against the other’s sexuality through coercion, which can be done through the use of physical force, psychological pressure, extortion or threat, this phenomenon appears in all life cycles. Identified the frequency and characteristics of sexual violence against women in a state in the southeastern region of Brazil. from 2011 to 2018.Methodthis is a cross-sectional epidemiological study that evaluated all cases of sexual violence reported in Espírito Santo, present in the Information System of Diseases and Notifications of the Ministry of Health from 2011 to 2018. The analysis was based on performed in Stata 14.1.Resultsthe prevalence of notification of sexual violence was 13.2% (CI95%: 12.8–13.5). Most victims were women (PR: 3.38), aged between 0 and 9 years (PR: 19), with a higher prevalence in people without disabilities or disorders (PR: 1.18) and residents of urban/periurban area (PR: 1.15). Men were the most frequent aggressors (PR: 13.79), with the most prevalent cases being reported by people unknown to the victim (PR: 6.01). The occurrence was 78% more reported at home and committed by an aggressor (PR:1.19). Most cases were repeated (PR:1.13).Conclusionsthe notification of sexual violence in Espírito Santo was high and evidenced the vulnerability of some groups, as well as the profile of the perpetrators. It is necessary to work on training professionals in the areas of health and education in relation to the identification of cases of sexual violence, mainly due to the significant involvement of children and adolescents.

Sexual violence against women remains problematic and highly prevalent around the world

BackgroundSexual violence is far more prevalent in most societies than is usually suspected in daily life. However, no study has systematically summarized the global prevalence rate and the major outcomes of sexual violence against women.MethodsWe directed a wide-raging search in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, catalogs since the beginning to December 2022 for relevant reports about the incidence of sexual fighting touching females. The occurrence frequency was assessed with a random-effects model. The heterogeneity was estimated with I2 values. Differences by research features were assessed over subgroup evaluation and meta-regression.ResultsA total of 32 cross-sectional studies were included (a total of 19,125 participants). The pooled sexual violence rate was 0.29 (95% CI = 0.25–0.34). Subgroup analyses found that there was a higher rate of sexual violence against women in 2010–2019 period (0.33, 95% CI = 0.27–0.37), developing countries (0.32, 95% CI = 0.28–0.37), and interview (0.39, 95% CI = 0.29–0.49). The analysis found that more than half of women (0.56, 95% CI = 0.37–0.75) had post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after experiencing sexual violence, and only a third of women considered seeking support (0.34, 95% CI = 0.13–0.55).ConclusionsNearly one out of every three (29%) women around the world has been a victim of sexual violence in their life. This current study investigated the status and characteristics of sexual violence against women, which could provide an important reference for police and emergency health services management.

Characteristics of sexual violence: Study of 127 cases registered in the Court of Appeals of Cotonou

In republic of Benin, rape is a crime for which the law provides harsh penalties. The perpetrators of that form of crime are tried in the courts of appeal by special jurisdictions: the criminal courts. We conducted a case control study on 127 cases of rape investigated and judged by the court of appeal of Cotonou from 2005 to 2015. This research work points out that victims are exclusively women and girls and that 62.2% of them are children under 13 years of age. As regards offenders, all of them are male subjects and young adults in 63.8% of cases. They were acquaintances of the victims in 68.5% of the cases; and they all confessed to the criminal action with which they were charged. The victims were subject to medical examination 7 times out of 10 without police requisition. Those medical consultations confirmed the presence of injuries caused by extra-genital violence in .9 of victims. Defloration signs were noted in 79.7% of the girls less than 13 years old. The populations and health professionals should be sensitized about victims’ identification and sociocultural conditions that may facilitate the commission of those crimes; it is an important action to be carried so as to ensure an efficient fight against sexual violence. Keywords: Sexual assault, Rape, Genital injuries, Forensic-medicine, Benin republic.

CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS COMMITTING C EXEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST A PERSON IN FAMILY OR CLOSE RELATIONS

The relevance of the article is that today to prevent sexual violence against a person who is in a family or close relationship, at the present stage requires complete and accurate knowledge of the true state of this phenomenon, which, in turn, requires information about the level, structure, dynamics, geography of sexual crime, as well as the perpetrators. In modern society, everyone has the right to protection of their rights and freedoms, and, especially, an adult and mentally healthy person - the right to choose a partner for sexual intercourse and not to allow any coercion in the field of sexual intercourse. The state and society have a particularly responsible attitude to the protection of the sexual integrity of a person who has not reached sexual maturity or, due to subjective or objective factors, does not have sexual freedom. According to the current legislation of Ukraine, criminal liability is provided for sexual violence. In addition, the fight against sexual violence should be comprehensive and not limited to criminal law. The article clarifies the value of the criminological characteristic of sexual violence against a person who is in a family or close relationship. The components of the criminological characteristics of sexual violence in relation to this category of persons were identified. On the basis of the empirical researches the author has developed a criminological characteristic of sexual violence against a person who is in a family or close relationship. It is concluded that a comprehensive study of the identity of the offender who committed sexual violence against persons in a family or close relationship should not be limited to the establishment of certain features that only characterize the personality, and conducted with the necessary depth in their interaction, which is a guarantee more complete identification of the components of the genesis of the rapist's personality in order to use adequate means to correct it and prevent him from committing new crimes. Knowledge of the personality of the studied criminals helps to solve the problem of combating sexual violence against a person in a family or close relationship, in particular, increase the effectiveness of individual prevention of perpetrators of violence and resocialization of convicts.

Characteristics of ‘Grooming’ sexual crimes in sexual violence crime cases and Critical review of relevant revised legal provisions

아동·청소년을 대상으로 한 성범죄에 있어서 그루밍에 대한 이해가 중요함에도 불구하고, 판결의 해석에 있어서 그리고 입법적 논의에 있어서 심도있게 다루어지지 않고 있는 현실에 주목한다. 이에 판결을 통해 나타난 아동·청소년 대상 성범죄 특성 내지 그루밍 성범죄의 피해특성을 확인함으로써 그루밍 성범죄의 개념과 범위에 대한 논의를 확인하였다. 이를 통해 아동 그루밍 성범죄의 특성에 대한 우리의 인식과 태도를 촉구하는 것은 매우 중요한 실천적 함의를 제공할 것으로 여겨진다. 아직 우리사회에서 성범죄에서의 그루밍 과정에 대한 이해와 그 문제에 대한 적절한 대응은 부족한 현실이다. 영국 등의 그루밍 관련 규정과 같이 성적 그루밍을 위한 아동과의 접촉만으로도 처벌하도록 규정하는 것은 현행 형사법 체계에 비추어 볼 때 범죄의 성립시기를 상당히 앞당긴다는 점에서 신중하여야 한다. 또한 개정 아동·청소년의 성보호에 관한 법률 제8조의2는 아동·청소년 대상 성범죄의 연령을 단계화 내지 세분화하였다는 점에서는 나름의 의미가 있으나, 모호하고 불명확한 구성요건요소를 포함하고 있어 명확성 원칙에 반할 여지가 있다는 문제가 있다. 그리고 부당이득죄와 같이 재산범죄나 민법상 불공정행위의 표현으로 사용된 ‘궁박’의 개념을 그대로 성범죄의 구성요건요소로 규정한 것은 부적절한 것으로 보인다. 오히려 위계위력에 의한 미성년자간음죄 등 미성년 대상 성범죄에 있어서 아동·청소년 대상 성범죄 내지 그루밍에 의한 성폭력의 특성을 고려한 적극적 해석이 이루어질 필요가 있다.This paper focuses on the fact that grooming is important for sex offenses against children and juveniles, but it is not dealt with extensively in interpretation of judgments and in legislative debates. This study examined the characteristics of grooming sexual crime in sexual violence crime cases. This suggests that urging our perceptions and attitudes about the characteristics of child grooming sexual crimes would provide a very important practical implication. It is a reality that we do not understand the grooming process in sexual crime and proper response to the problem in our society. In the context of the current criminal law system, the provision of punishment by contact with children for sexual grooming, as in the case of the grooming provisions of the United Kingdom, should be taken seriously in that it significantly expedites the establishment of the crime. Article 8-2 of Act on the Protection of children and juveniles against sexual abuse has its own meaning in terms of grading or subdividing the age of sex offenses against children and juveniles, but it contains ambiguous and indefinite constitutional factors, There is a problem that there is some contradiction in principle. And it seems inappropriate to define the concept of strained circumstances which is used as an expression of property crime or unfair act like civil unlawful act as element of sexual crime. Rather, as we have seen through review of the cases, active interpretation should be made considering the characteristics of sexual violence by grooming in juvenile sex offenses.

Situación de la violencia sexual en Colombia, 2012-2016

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y las características de la violencia sexual en Colombia durante el periodo 2012-2016. Método: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo de todos los casos de violencia sexual reportados al Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (Sivigila) del 2012 al 2016. Resultados: en el periodo 2012-2016, se reportaron al Sivigila 73.986 casos de violencia sexual, de los cuales el 74,78% ocurrió en las cabeceras municipales; el 65,91% en las viviendas; el 88% de las víctimas eran mujeres y el 49,92% adolescentes. De los agresores, el 91,90% eran hombres con edad promedio de 30 años y el 50,65% no convivía con la víctima. De las víctimas, el 26,1% recibió profilaxis para el vih/sida y el 17,0% para el virus de la hepatitis b; al 45,42% se le proporcionó atención en salud mental, el 31,84% fue remitido a protección y el 56,99% fue reportado a las autoridades competentes. Conclusión: en los 73.986 casos de violencia sexual se encontró un ascenso de la prevalencia que va del 13,45% en el 2012 al 27,96% en el 2016, siendo las mujeres en los ciclos vitales de adolescencia, infancia y la primera infancia las principales víctimas de violencia sexual de agresores hombres con edad promedio de 30 años

Criminological characteristics of sexual violence

The aim of the current article is to analyse the criminological aspect of sexual violence. Nowadays sexual assault has become a major social issue in many contemporary cultures. Sexual violence is a complex interdisciplinary issue, which includes several aspects psychological, judicial, medical, and other aspects. Sexual crime is an urgent problem with a high level of latency, most part of such crimes are not reported in crime statistics. Particularly, sexual violence against children is a serious problem for Latvia and the world. At present, there is a sharp increase in such crimes as a human trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation; as well as the number of sexual crimes against boys is rising. Expansion of criminal activity in the cyberspace has also increased.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence Against Men with Disabilities.

Few studies have examined lifetime and past-year sexual violence against men with disabilities and the types of perpetrator-survivor relationships among men with disabilities. The purpose of this study is to document the prevalence of lifetime and past-year sexual violence against men with disabilities in the U.S., compare these estimates with those of men without disabilities and women with and without disabilities, and examine the gender and relationship of the perpetrator of sexual violence against men with disabilities relative to perpetrator characteristics identified in incidents against other adults. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2005-2007 data were analyzed in 2014 using domain analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Men with a disability were more likely than men without a disability to report lifetime sexual violence (8.8% vs 6.0%). They were also more likely than men without a disability to report lifetime experience of attempted or completed nonconsensual sex (5.8% and 2.3% vs 4.1% and 1.4%, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of men's reports of their relationship to the perpetrator of the most recent incident of sexual violence or perpetrator gender. Men with disabilities are at heightened risk for lifetime and current sexual violence compared with men without disabilities. Given the relatively high prevalence of sexual violence among people with disabilities of both genders, sexual assault screening, prevention, and response efforts need to be inclusive and attentive to all people with disabilities.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization—National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011

Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization—National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011

Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence in the Netherlands, the Risk of Revictimization and Pregnancy: Results From a National Population Survey

Prevalence figures on sexual violence among a representative sample of both men and women were not yet available for the Netherlands. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the prevalence of sexual violence in the Netherlands and to add these figures to the international body of knowledge. Experiences of sexual violence during lifetime, before the age of 16 and in the year before the start of the study were measured. In addition, types of sexual violence were examined, as were the characteristics of the perpetrators. Lastly, revictimization and pregnancy as a result of rape experiences among the victims were investigated. Data were generated from a population survey on sexual health. The sample consisted of more than 6,000 men and women between the age of 15 and 70 years old. Prevalence rates as high as 21% for men and 56% for women were found. Fifty percent of the female victims and 30% of the male victims of child sexual abuse had experienced adult victimization. Of the female rape victims, 7% became pregnant as a consequence of rape. In the Netherlands, as elsewhere, the prevention of sexual violence should be prioritized.

Increased attendance rates and altered characteristics of sexual violence

To study the attendance rates and characteristics of sexual violence presented at emergency services for rape victims, over a 10-year period. Incidence study. Rape Trauma Service, within an emergency department at a tertiary referral university hospital. POPULATION. The total female population in Iceland. Medical records on visits were reviewed and systematically coded. Annual attendance rates were calculated over time as number of visits per 10 000 female inhabitants aged 13-49 years. Characteristics of sexual violence, perpetrators and victims were compared between 1998-2002 and 2003-2007. Annual attendance rates and characteristics of sexual violence. Of 1153 visits, 828 (71.8%) were due to severe sexual violence (penetration). Annual attendance rates of all sexual violence increased from 12.5 to 16.9 per 10 000 women aged 13-49 (p<0.01). Attendance rates due to severe sexual violence increased specifically among women aged 18-25 (p<0.01). The proportion of assaults involving multiple perpetrators increased from 13.9% in 1998-2002 to 18.9% in 2003-2007 (p=0.05). With time, a higher proportion of victims had seriously impaired consciousness due to alcohol consumption (p<0.01) and had used illegal drugs prior to assault (p<0.05). The findings point towards an increase in women's visits to specialized emergency services for rape victims, particularly in the age group 18-25 years. The increased role of multiple perpetrators, alcohol and illicit drugs in sexual violence calls for further attention.

Sexual Violence in Lesotho

The magnitude and characteristics of sexual violence in two urban areas of Lesotho are described based on a random household survey of 939 sexually active women aged 18-35. Sexual violence is defined as nonconsensual sex ranging from the use of threats and intimidation to unwanted touching and forced sex. Twenty-five percent of women surveyed reported ever being physically forced to have sex; 13 percent reported that forced sex was attempted; 31 percent said that they were touched against their will; and 11 percent reported being forced to touch a man's genitals. Boyfriends were the most common perpetrators of actual and attempted forced sex (66 percent and 44 percent, respectively); known community members were the most common perpetrators of touching the respondent against her will (52 percent). Currently married women and those with more education were less likely than others to report that sex was forced upon them by an intimate partner or by another type of perpetrator. Women living in areas where a program raising awareness about sexual violence was ongoing were more likely to report a history of sexual violence. Given the high prevalence of HIV in Lesotho, programs should address women's right to control their sexuality.

Trends in the Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence: A Cohort Analysis

Trends in the Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence: A Cohort Analysis

Trends in the Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence: A Cohort Analysis

Although recent statistics hint that rates of reported rape and child sexual abuse began to decline in the 1990s, little is known about changes in the characteristics of victimizations over time or about the implications of these changes for policy and services. This investigation uses data from a general population survey to examine sexual assault trends in two ways: by age cohort and by historical era in which a first sexual assault experience occurred. Findings suggest that the lifetime prevalence of sexual assault has not significantly changed across cohorts of women in their 20s to 50s. Characteristics of women's experiences across cohorts may be shifting, however, with early childhood experiences of sexual victimization showing a slight decline, accompanied by increases in assault rates during adolescence. Additionally, although help-seeking among victims has increased, women's perceptions of their community's responsiveness have worsened slightly. Research and intervention implications are discussed.

Characteristics of sexual violence in adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age, Cali 2001-2003.

Background: In Colombia among violent not fatal injuries the sexual crimes occupy fourth place, being more affected the minors of age. The sexual violence experienced on the infancy or on the adolescence leaves severe consequences. Objectives: To describe the occurrence of sexual violence cases denounced in teenagers from 10 to 19 years, during the 2001-2003 in Cali. Methods: A descriptive study of prevalence of sexual abuse in adolescents from 10 to 19 years assisted in the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of the Southwest region during the 2001-2003 for clinic and social work evaluation. Prevalence was calculated and the chi2 test was used to explore differences between variables. Results: From 250 cases of accusations of adolescents were included 77.5% of these accusations were filed by women; being the most affected group age between 10 to 14; 96% reported to have any scholarship studies at the moment of the abuse; 46% were doing family-related activities at the moment of the abuse; 31.4% of the victims belonged to monoparental family and 40% to mixed family; 38.2% of the adolescents had records of family domestic violence; 82.6% of the aggressors were a victim’s acquaintance and only the 17% reported to have been attacked by a stranger. The menace and the blackmail were the principal forms used by the aggressor to persuade victim’s silence. Also stands out the presence of accomplices in the moment of the abuse. Finally, the commune (or municipality) 13 and 20 were the ones with a greater number of cases, and the one with the least was the 17 with only one case. Conclusions: A high percentage of victims of sexual violence are women who know his aggressor. The accusations are more prevalent in sectors with socioeconomic disadvantage.