Open System Characteristics Research Articles

English Borrowings in Contemporary Italian: a Linguistic-Cognitive Aspect

In the article, the linguistic-cognitive aspect of English borrowings in contemporary Italian is considered. The globalization of the English language is one of the driving forces that raises questions about language contacts and interactions in modern linguistics. The presented scientific investigation aims to identify the linguistic-cognitive features of the usage of English borrowings in Italian-language news discourse. The linguistic-cognitive approach allows for analyzing the behavior of speakers and the organization of conceptual space in human consciousness. The article discusses the factors and phenomena to which users of the linguistic code are subordinate, as well as the impulses of internal and external systems that accelerate the penetration of English equivalents into the Italian language. English borrowings are revealed taking into account the universal characteristics of open systems. The article asserts that the analyzed linguistic-cognitive processes are universal-systemic, as they can be applied to the analysis of factors and phenomena of various natures, including linguistic and psychological.

Unidirectional scattering with spatial homogeneity using correlated photonic time disorder

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the temporal degree of freedom in photonics due to its analogy with spatial axes, causality and open-system characteristics. In particular, the temporal analogues of photonic crystals have allowed the design of momentum gaps and their extension to topological and non-Hermitian photonics. Although recent studies have also revealed the effect of broken discrete time-translational symmetry in view of the temporal analogy of spatial Anderson localization, the broad intermediate regime between time order and time uncorrelated disorder has not been examined. Here we theoretically investigate the inverse design of photonic time disorder to achieve optical functionalities in spatially homogeneous platforms. By developing the structure factor and order metric using causal Green’s functions for disorder in the time domain, we propose an engineered time scatterer, which provides unidirectional scattering with controlled scattering amplitudes. We also show that the order-to-disorder transition in the time domain allows the manipulation of scattering bandwidths, which makes resonance-free temporal colour filtering possible. Our work could advance optical functionalities without spatial patterning.

Novel vegetation and establishment of Chihuahuan Desert communities in response to late Pleistocene moisture availability in the Cuatrociénegas Basin, NE Mexico

With over 200 pools, lakes and rivers supporting over 70 species of endemic flora and fauna, the Cuatrociénegas Basin (CCB), Coahuila, NE Mexico, is an extremely important area for conservation studies. However, the palaeoenvironment of this unique area has been relatively neglected. Here, pollen data are presented alongside U-series dating and 14C AMS dating techniques from a 15-m sediment core taken from Poza Tierra Blanca in the CCB. These data suggest the CCB contains palaeoenvironmental information spanning at least the late Pleistocene (84.5 ka BP) to the present and has undergone extensive environmental change, possibly controlled by stadial–interstadial cycles. The CCB is currently functioning as a hydrologically closed system, established around 4 ka BP synchronously with regional drying of the Chihuahuan Desert. Pollen data suggest similar closed hydrology conditions from ~33 to 23.13 ka BP – before the onset of full glacial conditions at the LGM. Hydrologically open system characteristics with a dominance of wetter, winter monsoon climate punctuate the long-term record. The wetter conditions observed in these units appear to have facilitated the downslope movement of montane taxa and the expansion of wetland taxa. These data illustrate that novel vegetation assemblages are not just products of deglaciation but represent the interaction of the individualistic response of taxa with the unique climate spaces formed by millennial-scale variability during both glacial and interglacial times.

Family Business System Models – A Case Study and Some Implications of Open Systems Perspective

This paper seeks to build an insight to the systemic models of family business from the closed-open systems perspective. We focus on family business system models, on the characteristics of open systems, and on the subsystems content of family system and ownership system in the family business context. The contemporary research on family business system models suggests that an open-systems approach is particularly useful in combining various elements of a family business together. This paper presents a longitudinal case study of a family business portfolio specializing in flowers. We conclude with notions of open system perspective on family business system models; and we suggest that the open system perspective brings new insight into the concept of family business, and it has important methodological implications to family business research.

Overcoming path dependency: path generation in open systems

Studies on societal path dependencies tend to focus on mechanisms that anchor and stabilize national trajectories while paying less attention to transnational interactions and multilevel governance. This paper explores processes of path transformation in societies that are presumed to have the characteristics of open systems. Two pairs of case studies are presented and compared. The first illustrates institutional change through collision, when a national path meets with another. The second describes the emergence of transnational institutional paths and the impact of that process on national institutions and their (potential) transformation. The results indicate that path transformation often stems from a gradual succession and combination of incremental steps and junctures - change is gradual but consequential. They also point to increasing co-evolutionary interaction between national path transformation and transnational path creation. This implies a need for analytical tools that are adapted to the analysis of multi-level, nested processes of institutionalization and de-institutionalization. The paper suggests that the concept of path generation allows for a better specification of the conditions for change in existing societal paths and for the emergence of new paths in the case of open systems than the concept of path dependency. Path dependency is a frequently used concept in the social sciences. In the general sense (soft version), it refers to the idea that events occurring at an earlier point in time will affect events occurring at a later point in time. In a stronger sense, path dependency characterizes historical sequences in which contingent events set institutional patterns with deterministic

Rydberg atoms in external fields as an example of open quantum systems with classical chaos

We examine the quantum spectra of hydrogen atoms in external magnetic and electric fields above the ionization threshold with respect to signatures of classical chaos characteristics of open systems. The spectra are obtained by calculating wavefunctions and photoionization cross sections in the continuum region with the aid of the complex-coordinate-rotation method. We find that the photoionization cross sections exhibit strong Ericson fluctuations, a quantum feature characteristic of classically chaotic scattering, in energy-field regions where classical trajectory calculations reveal a fractal dependence of the classical ionization time on the initial conditions. We also compare the nearest-neighbour-spacing distributions of complex resonance energies with predictions of random-matrix theories and and that our results are well reproduced by a Ginibre distribution.

Solute Acquisition in Glacial Melt Waters. II Argentière (French Alps): Bulk Melt Waters with Open-System Characteristics

AbstractVariations in dissolved cations, total alkalinity, sulphate, and field pH are recorded for subglacial melt and bulk melt waters (those emerging from the portal) at Argentière (France), in peak and recession flow conditions. Calcium and bicarbonate are the major ions and the bulk melt waters are demonstrated to have acquired solutes by weathering and dissolution in a system open to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Subglacial melt waters have closed-system characteristics, are close to saturation with calcite and quartz, and must be in near-equilibrium with weathered particulates. Recession-flow bulk melt waters are chemically similar to subglacial melt but have open-system characteristics, either due to re-equilibration with the atmosphere for ground-water mixing.

Solute Acquisition in Glacial Melt Waters. II Argentière (French Alps): Bulk Melt Waters with Open-System Characteristics

AbstractVariations in dissolved cations, total alkalinity, sulphate, and field pH are recorded for subglacial melt and bulk melt waters (those emerging from the portal) at Argentière (France), in peak and recession flow conditions. Calcium and bicarbonate are the major ions and the bulk melt waters are demonstrated to have acquired solutes by weathering and dissolution in a system open to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Subglacial melt waters have closed-system characteristics, are close to saturation with calcite and quartz, and must be in near-equilibrium with weathered particulates. Recession-flow bulk melt waters are chemically similar to subglacial melt but have open-system characteristics, either due to re-equilibration with the atmosphere for ground-water mixing.