Characterization Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Numerical investigations of translocation characteristics of multiple silica nanoparticles across pulmonary surfactant monolayer

Understanding translocation characteristics of multiple silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) across pulmonary surfactant (PS) is crucial for their applications in inhaled nanoparticle drugs. Therefore, we employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics method to simulate the translocation process of paired SiNPs (P-SiNPs). It is found that crossing or embedding process of 6 and 8 nm spherical P-SiNPs takes significantly longer due to cooperative effects, with times increased by 4.8–14.6 and 8.8–24.8 times, respectively. The influence of size differences between P-SiNPs is complex. Notably, 8 nm SiNP completes its crossing in a pinocytosis-like manner. The presence of same-sized ellipsoidal SiNPs significantly disrupts PS monolayer, and 8 nm ellipsoidal SiNP induces the formation of a crescent-shaped groove and even a pore. In conclusion, the translocation process of multiple SiNPs is cooperative process influenced by size, concentration, size differences, and shape. To mitigate potential toxic side effects, it is recommended to use smaller-sized spherical SiNPs as drug carriers.

A review of the antimicrobial benefits of naturally extracted nanomaterials

Nanotechnology finds immense potential due to the unique characteristics of nanomaterials. Though noble metal nanoparticles, particularly gold and silver nanoparticles possess advanced properties their conventional production methods pose environmental hazards. This paper explores the eco-friendly approaches using natural sources for synthesizing gold and silver nanoparticles. Rose and pomegranate extracts were used to synthesize gold nanoparticles. Evaluation using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy confirmed the nanoparticle formation, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis recognized the presence of plant-derived compounds for stabilizing these particles. In-depth observations of their size and form were provided using electron microscopy, and these findings were aligned with the inferences made from the UV-Vis data. Silver nanoparticles were produced using Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract (OGE), exhibiting dose-dependent antimicrobial effects against bacterial strains. A comparative analysis demonstrated the distinct antibacterial characteristics of silver and gold nanoparticles against several bacterial strains. These nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced inhibitory effects when employed in combination with antibiotics, suggesting the possibility of dealing with antibiotic resistance. The study presents opportunities for producing nanomaterials with minimal impact on the environment and for addressing antibiotic resistance. Further research can enhance the process and find more useful applications as this green synthesis approach can bring about significant improvements in many areas.

Bio-inspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles usingsalsola imbricataand its application as antibacterial additive in glass ionomer cement.

Nanotechnology has gained immense popularity and observed rapid development due to the remarkable physio-chemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and related nanomaterials. The green production of nanoparticles has many benefits over traditional techniques because the current procedures are expensive, time-consuming, and involve harmful substances that limit their applicability. This study aimed to use a novel green source, the Salsola imbricata (SI) plant, which is commonly found in Central Asia and known for its medicinal properties as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of AgNPs. The current study also utilized efficient statistical design, the Plackett-Burman Design of Experiment (DOE) method to synthesize the nanoparticles. The characterization of nanoparticles was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Plackett-Burman design results showed that only two out of four factors i.e., AgNO3 concentration and incubation time, were significant for the synthesis of AgNPs. While remaining factors, incubation temperature and plant extract: AgNO3 ratio were non-significant. The SEM analysis result showed that SI-AgNPs had a size of 20-50nm. The SI-AgNPs demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, with the highest efficacy observed at a concentration of 2 mg/ml. The addition of SI-AgNPs in glass ionomer cement significantly increased the antimicrobial efficacy of GIC at different concentration (p≤0.000 for 0.2% and 0.1%, p≤0.01 for 0.05% and p≤0.05 for 0.025% respectively). Based on the results of the current study, the plant based AgNPs can be further evaluated in detail as alternate antimicrobial agent either alone or in combination with other antimicrobial agents for different dental applications.

A comparative study of the biosynthesis of CuNPs by Niallia circulans G9 and Paenibacillus sp. S4c strains: characterization and application as antimicrobial agents

BackgroundBiosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using microorganisms are a fabulous and emerging eco-friendly science with well-defined sizes, shapes and controlled monodispersity. Copper nanoparticles, among other metal particles, have sparked increased attention due to their applications in electronics, optics, catalysis, and antimicrobial agents.ResultsThis investigation explains the biosynthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles from soil strains, Niallia circulans G9 and Paenibacillus sp. S4c by an eco-friendly method. The maximum reduction of copper ions and maximum synthesis CuNPs was provided by these strains. Biogenic formation of CuNPs have been characterized by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Using UV-visible spectrum scanning, the synthesised CuNPs’ SPR spectra showed maximum absorption peaks at λ304&308 nm. TEM investigation of the produced CuNPs revealed the development of spherical/hexagonal nanoparticles with a size range of 13–100 nm by the G9 strain and spherical nanoparticles with a size range of 5–40 nm by the S4c strain. Functional groups and chemical composition of CuONPs were also confirmed. The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized CuNPs were investigated against some human pathogens. CuNPs produced from the G9 strain had the highest activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10,231 and the lowest against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. CuNPs from the S4c strain demonstrated the highest activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 10,231 and the lowest activity against Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13,883.ConclusionThe present work focused on increasing the CuNPs production by two isolates, Niallia circulans G9 and Paenibacillus sp. S4c, which were then characterized alongside. The used analytics and chemical composition techniques validated the existence of CuONPs in the G9 and S4c biosynthesized nano cupper. CuNPs of S4c are smaller and have a more varied shape than those of G9 strain, according to TEM images. In terms of antibacterial activity, the biosynthesized CuNPs from G9 and S4c were found to be more effective against Candida albicans ATCC 10,231 and E. coli ATCC 10,231, respectively.

Dynamic Release from Acetalated Dextran Nanoparticles for Precision Therapy of Inflammation.

Polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs) that react to altered physiological characteristics have the potential to enhance the delivery of therapeutics to a specific area. These materials can utilize biochemical triggers, such as low pH, which is prone to happen locally in an inflammatory microenvironment due to increased cellular activity. This reduced pH is neutralized when inflammation subsides. For precise delivery of therapeutics to match this dynamic reaction, drug delivery systems (DDS) need to not only release the drug (ON) but also stop the release (OFF) autonomously. In this study, we use a systematic approach to optimize the composition of acetalated dextran (AcDex) NPs to start (ON) and stop (OFF) releasing model cargo, depending on local pH changes. By mixing ratios of AcDex polymers (mixed NPs), we achieved a highly sensitive material that was able to rapidly release cargo when going from pH 7.4 to pH 6.0. At the same time, the mix also offered a stable composition that enabled a rapid ON/OFF/ON/OFF switching within this narrow pH range in only 90 min. These mixed NPs were also sensitive to biological pH changes, with increased release in the presence of inflammatory cells compared to healthy cells. Such precise and controllable characteristics of a DDS position mixed NPs as a potential treatment platform to inhibit disease flare-ups, reducing both systemic and local side effects to offer a superior treatment option for inflammation compared to conventional systems.

Synthesis and Characterization of Variable-Sized Silver Nanoparticles Using Pistacia palaestina Leaf Extract

Synthesis and Characterization of Variable-Sized Silver Nanoparticles Using Pistacia palaestina Leaf Extract

Green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles from Kappaphycus alvarezii extract

Green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles from Kappaphycus alvarezii extract

Preparation and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles from Bacterial Source and Their Separation Using Low-Cost Zirconia Composite Membrane

Preparation and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles from Bacterial Source and Their Separation Using Low-Cost Zirconia Composite Membrane

Nanocomposite marvels: Miniaturized high bandwidth microstrip patch antenna for X-band applications

Zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) is widely recognized as a ceramic in high demand across various microwave applications. Furthermore, blending dielectric materials with ZnAl2O4 has demonstrated improvements in its dielectric properties, offering promising potential for advancing microstrip patch antenna technology. This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of a sol-gel composite nanoparticle consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) for use in a microstrip patch antenna designed for X-band applications. The composite nanoparticle, with a molecular composition of xTiO2(1-x)ZnAl2O4 where x = 8 %, was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing dominant peaks corresponding to ZnAl2O4 and TiO2 with a calculated crystallite size of 16.9 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to assess functional groups, morphology, and elemental composition of the nanoparticles. The dielectric properties of the nanoparticles, characterized by a dielectric permittivity of 20.2 and a dielectric loss of 0.19, were measured using an LCR meter. These nanoparticles were utilized to fabricate a prototype patch antenna, exhibiting promising performance in both simulated and measured results. The fabricated patch antenna operated at 8.51/8.49 GHz with a return loss (RL) of − 25.94/−19.97 dB, featuring an enhanced bandwidth of 2.62/2.87 GHz and a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) below 2. Additionally, the antenna demonstrated a gain of 2.14, directivity of 3.58, and radiation efficiency of 59.7 %, making it suitable for X-band applications.

High-Resolution Characterization of Coal Combustion-Derived Metal-Containing Nanoparticles and Their Health-Related Implications

High-Resolution Characterization of Coal Combustion-Derived Metal-Containing Nanoparticles and Their Health-Related Implications

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using Acacia nilotica plant extract and their anti-bacterial activity

Green-synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNP) used to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This article addresses the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) based on Acacia nilotica plant extract, as well as their antibacterial efficacy against human illnesses. The information of homogeneous, spherical shaped AgNP with an average size of 23.65 nm was confirmed by XRD, SEM, EDAX, TEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and FTIR analysis. The effectiveness of the produced AgNP against various bacteria was tested using MIC and zone of inhibition experiments, showing impressive inhibitory effects. These findings imply that the environmentally friendly production method and potent antibacterial properties of the biosynthesized AgNP hold promise for upcoming bio-related uses.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Ag-Au Nanoparticles Using Heliotropium eichwaldi L. Extract as a Reducing and Stabilizing Agent

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Ag-Au Nanoparticles Using Heliotropium eichwaldi L. Extract as a Reducing and Stabilizing Agent

Fabrication and characterization of apremilast-loaded zinc oxide-mesoporous silica nanoparticles for psoriasis treatment

Fabrication and characterization of apremilast-loaded zinc oxide-mesoporous silica nanoparticles for psoriasis treatment

Preparation and characterization of hybrid polypyrrole nanoparticles as a conducting polymer with controllable size

Hybrid polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles were prepared using a low-temperature oxidative polymerization process in an acidic solution with polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a template and amine source. The results showed that the nanoparticles have an amorphous structure in the X-ray diffractogram and exhibited good dispersibility in water, uniform size, and a specific conductivity ranging from 0.1 to 6.9 S/cm. The particle size could be tuned from 85 to 300 nm by varying the reactant concentration. Undoping the samples with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution altered the optical absorption properties and surface roughness of the particles. However, it did not affect the particle size. The nanoparticles also exhibited optical sensing properties based on their UV–vis absorption changes with the pH. Moreover, nanoparticles could have potential applications in gene delivery and bio-adsorption for contaminant removal. This work demonstrates a simple and effective method for preparing hybrid polypyrrole nanoparticles with controllable size, dispersibility, and conductivity for various nanotechnology, biotechnology, and environmental engineering purposes.

Application of green synthesized Ag and Cu nanoparticles for the control of bruchids and their impact on seed quality and yield in greengram

Storage pests, particularly bruchids, are major biotic constraints causing significant storage losses in pulses. Conventional control methods relying on insecticides and fumigants often lead to food contamination due to toxic pesticide residues and a rapid decline in seed germination. In this investigation, through green nano-technological application, a promising and sustainable alternative for pest management is developed. Silver and copper nanoparticles were synthesized through ocimum leaf extract. The characterization of silver and copper nanoparticles was carried out by UV-spectroscopy, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared. Both the nanoparticles were spherical and crystalline in nature. Greengram seeds were primed with standardized silver and copper nanoparticles at different concentrations (1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm) and compared with castor-treated, deltamethrin-treated, and untreated control seeds for seed quality, growth, and yield. After one month of storage, all the pulse beetles released in different treatments exhibited 100 % mortality, whereas in control, the insects multiplied. At the end of nine months, the control seeds had shown 72 % damage and 39.67 % germination. In contrast, silver nanoparticles at 1000 ppm showed no seed damage and achieved 81.67 % germination, which was on par with copper nanoparticles at 1000 ppm with 79.33 % germination. Seed priming of silver and copper nanoparticles at 1000 ppm also demonstrated superior performance in all the seed quality and biochemical parameters (alpha amylase and catalase) throughout the storage period. Whereas, in the greenhouse experiment, enhanced growth (35.96 cm, 46.48 cm, and 53.00 cm at 30, 60 DAS, and at harvest, respectively) and yield per plant (3.75 g) were significantly higher in plants that were given foliar application with silver nanoparticles at 1000 ppm. Furthermore, foliar application of these nanoparticles at all concentrations (1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm) did not exhibit any adverse effects on soil microbial organisms, as assessed by dehydrogenase enzyme activity. Hence, this research highlights the potential use of silver and copper nanoparticles at 1000 ppm as effective tools for storage pest management and contributing to improved agricultural productivity and sustainability.

Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Nanoparticles for Improved Antimicrobial Performance

Graphene is considered an excellent material for biomedical applications because of its outstanding antimicrobial performance. However, the high synthesis cost and complexity make it difficult to apply this material in numerous fields. This research focuses on synthesizing graphene nanoparticles (NPs) cost-effectively and simply. Cost-effective chemicals were used here for synthesizing graphene NPs. A simple and easy technique has been followed throughout the process. The synthesized graphene NPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and antimicrobial analyses. TEM analysis revealed the size and structure of nanosized graphene NPs. Excellent antimicrobial properties 99.99% bacterial inhibition against gram-negative bacterium E. coli have been obtained. The findings indicate the potential applications in different biomedical sectors for their improved antimicrobial properties.

Biosynthesis, characterization, and anticoagulant properties of copper nanoparticles from red seaweed of Acanthophora sp.

In the last few decades, nanoparticles have found extensive use in a variety of biological applications. Traditional medicine widely uses Acanthophora sp., a marine macroalgae, to cure and prevent diabetes, skin disorders, and blood clotting. The present study aims to investigate whether green-synthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) might work as an anticoagulant. The CuNPs were made using an environmentally friendly method that uses Acanthophora extract. We used UV-vis spectroscopy to assess the surface plasmon resonance of the material, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze its form, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy to identify the material's constituent elements. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) determined the functional groups of the CuNPs. The biosynthesis of CuNPs was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy, which showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 570 nm. The FT-IR analysis showed that certain functional groups are involved in the formation of CuNPs. These groups include OH stretching, C=O stretching, C-H bonding, C-N bonding, and Cu vibration. SEM analysis demonstrated the morphology of CuNPs synthesized, with a size of 0.5μm, while EDS analysis confirmed their purity. The anticoagulant activity of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assays showed that the clotting time got longer depending on the concentration. The CuNPs synthesized from Acanthophora had strong anticoagulant effects at 100 μg/mL, further suggesting that they might be useful as a natural blood thinner. The interesting thing we observed is that the green-synthesized CuNPs made from Acanthophora extract could be used in anticoagulation therapy.

Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles from Lawsonia inermis and its effect on the biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbon.

Crude oil hydrocarbons are considered major environmental pollutants and pose a significant threat to the environment and humans due to having severe carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Bioremediation is one of the practical and promising technology that can be applied to treat the hydrocarbon-polluted environment. In this present study, rhamnolipid biosurfactant (BS) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PP4 and green synthesized iron nanoparticles (G-FeNPs) from Lawsonia inermis was used to evaluate the biodegradation efficiency (BE) of crude oil. The surface analysis of G-FeNPs was carried out by using FESEM and HRTEM to confirm the size and shape. Further, the average size of the G-FeNPs was observed around 10nm by HRTEM analysis. The XRD and Raman spectra strongly confirm the presence of iron nanoparticles with their respective peaks. The BE (%) of mixed degradation system-V (PP4+BS+G-FeNPs) was obtained about 82%. FTIR spectrum confirms the presence of major functional constituents (C=O, -CH3, C-O, and OH) in the residual oil content. Overall, this study illustrates that integrated nano-based bioremediation could be an efficient approach for hydrocarbon-polluted environments. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the G-FeNPs with rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the biodegradation of crude oil.

Synthesis and Characterization of Lignin-Silver Nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticle synthesis via environmentally friendly methods is gaining interest for their potential advantages over conventional physico-chemical approaches. Herein, we propose a robust green synthesis route for lignin-modified silver nanoparticles, utilizing the recovery of lignin as a renewable raw material and exploring its application in valuable areas. Through a systematic approach combining UV-Vis spectroscopy with AAS and DLS, we identified repeatable and scalable reaction conditions in an aqueous solution at pH 11 for homogeneous silver nanoparticles with high uniformity. The TEM median sizes ranged from 12 to 15 nm with circularity between 0.985 and 0.993. The silver nanoparticles yield exceeded 0.010 mol L−1, comparable with traditional physico-chemical methods, with a minimal loss of silver precursor ranging between 0.5 and 3.9%. Characterization by XRD and XPS revealed the presence of Ag-O bonding involving lignin functional groups on the pure face-centered cubic structure of metallic silver. Moreover, the lignin-modified silver nanoparticles generated a localized thermal effect upon near-infrared laser irradiation (808 nm), potentially allowing for targeted applications in the biomedical field. Our study showcases the potential of lignin as a renewable reducing and capping agent for silver nanoparticle synthesis, addressing some shortcomings of green synthesis approaches and contributing to the development of suitable nanomaterials.

Fabrication and Characterization of Pectin Films Containing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Buccal Delivery of Fluconazole.

Fluconazole (FZ) is a potential antifungal compound for treating superficial and systemic candidiasis. However, the use of conventional oral drug products has some limitations. The development of buccal film may be a potential alternative to oral formulations for FZ delivery. The present study involved the development of novel FZ-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (FZ-SLNs) in pectin solutions and the investigation of their particle characteristics. The particle sizes of the obtained FZ-SLNs were in the nanoscale range. To produce pectin films with FZ-SLNs, four formulations were selected based on the small particle size of FZ-SLNs and their suitable polydispersity index. The mean particle sizes of all chosen FZ-SLNs formulations did not exceed 131.7 nm, and the mean polydispersity index of each formulation was less than 0.5. The properties of films containing FZ-SLNs were then assessed. The preparation of all FZ-SLN-loaded pectin films provided the mucoadhesive matrices. The evaluation of mechanical properties unveiled the influence of particle size variation in FZ-SLNs on the integrity of the film. The Fourier-transform infrared spectra indicated that hydrogen bonds could potentially form between the pectin-based matrix and the constituents of FZ-SLNs. The differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of each pectin film with FZ-SLNs revealed that the formulation was thermally stable and behaved in a solid state at 37 °C. According to a drug release study, a sustained drug release pattern with a burst in the initial stage for all films may be advantageous for reducing the lag period of drug release. All prepared films with FZ-SLNs provided a sustained release of FZ over 6 h. The films containing FZ-SLNs with a small particle size provided good permeability across the porcine mucosa. All film samples demonstrated antifungal properties. These results suggest the potential utility of pectin films incorporating FZ-SLNs for buccal administration.