Characteristics Of Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

A Bandwidth and Gain Enhanced Hexagonal Patch Antenna using Hexagonal Shape SRR

In the evolving digital era, the primary focus of the telecommunications industry is on the 5G network, expected to deliver high data rates, low latency, large network capacity, and improved connectivity. This article discusses efforts to adopt optimal frequencies for 5G, introducing techniques to enhance the characteristics of microstrip antennas using Double Negative (DNG) metamaterial properties. The hexagonal-shaped Split Ring Resonant (HSRR) metamaterial is considered a potential method to increase the bandwidth and gain of 5G antennas. Simulation of HSRR unit cells shows a positive impact on DNG characteristics. Meanwhile, the antenna design incorporating HSRR superstrate elements significantly increases gain to 4.47 dBi, and the implementation of HSRR structures on the groundplane results in a remarkable 368% increase in bandwidth compared to conventional antennas without metamaterial.

Monopole Antenna Design Analysis for TNI AD Satellite Telecommunication

Antenna that is made dynamically, light and cheap are the characteristics of microstrip antenna. Microstrip antennas have the characteristics of working at high frequencies according to the antenna calculations if the dimensions are small, the working frequency becomes high frequency. So the monopole microstrip antenna is the solution to the existing military communications. This research will study a monopole antenna design with small dimensions using parameters in millimeters (mm). This antenna works at a working frequency of 3.73 GHz. The substrate used has a size of 99.53 mm x 84.35 mm with a thickness of 0.787 mm, = 4.4×10−12F·m−1 and an impedance of 50 . Antenna performance can be seen from the value of Return Loss, Bandwidth, VSWR, and Radiation Pattern of the antenna. The simulation result data is presented using the WIPL-D software based on the Method of Moment. This indicates that at 3.73 GHz the highest gain value is 5.4 dB, VSWR 1.46 with a bandwidth of 10.18% and a return loss of -14.44 dB. This result is sufficient to meet the satellite communication in the coverage area of ​​the C Band which works in the frequency range of 3-4 Ghz.

Simulation of Metal Surface Crack Detection of RFID Tagantenna

In view of the current situation of the traditional non-destructive testing technology for metal components, which is characterized by bulky equipment, slow detection speed, small detectable range, and low automation, a method based on the combination of microstrip antenna characteristics and radio frequency technology is proposed to design a microstrip RFID tag antenna based on microstrip antenna characteristics. By calibrating the position of the RFID reader with the tag antenna and the power of its transmitting antenna, the resonant frequency of the tag antenna is affected when cracks exist on the metal surface, resulting in a change in the recognition distance of the RFID system, thus realizing the detection of cracks on the metal surface. The antenna structure is optimized using the HFSS software to simulate the antenna in the presence of cracks on the metal surface, and the simulation results are found to be effective for metal surface crack detection.

Optimized multibeam synthesis of time-modulated microstrip arrays

The capability to form the main beam of antennas improves the energy efficiency of wireless systems and enhances radar systems' effectiveness in detecting and tracking objects. The time-modulated array can generate multibeam with arbitrary directions in different spectral parts. This work synthesizes several linear arrays to achieve particular main beams and additional restrictions. We modify the pulse durations and the switch-on instants of the switches in each antenna element in an optimization procedure. The parameters are varied through the simulated annealing by minimizing certain cost functions. We designed three linear arrays: model 1 consists of six elements and has two beams. Model 2 is the improved version of model 1 by rejecting the sidelobes of other spectral contributions at the main beam under consideration. Model 3 consists of sixteen elements and has three different beams. The analytical results were verified by modeling the arrays in the form of microstrip arrays in a numerical simulation with HFSS. We obtained very accurate verification. Distinctive devitations at the region ϑ<-60<sup>o</sup> and ϑ>60<sup>o</sup> originate from the radiation characteristics of microstrip antennas, which focus the energy upwards to the region around ϑ=0<sup>o</sup>.<br /><br />

Miniaturised planar antenna with enhanced gain characteristics for 5.2 GHz WLAN application

ABSTRACT In this paper, the construction of a miniaturised hexagonal microstrip antenna (MSA) loaded with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) and Metamaterial (MTM) superstrate proposed for 5.2 GHz WLAN application is presented. Initially, the fundamental resonant frequency of the hexagonal MSA was reduced from 14.8 GHz to 5.2 GHz using a rectangle DGS. For the suggested antenna model a miniaturisation of about 64.86% is achieved, which makes the antenna to approach electrically small antenna. Finally, the characteristics of MSA loaded with DGS and an MTM superstrate, which enhances the peak gain, directivity, and efficiency. The suggested miniaturised antenna with substrate dimensions of 0.25λ0 × 0.243λ0 mm2 (or) 14.4 × 14 mm2 of thickness h1 = 1.6 mm fabricated on an FR4 epoxy of dielectric constant 4.4. By employing an MTM superstrate, of RT Duriod substrate of thickness h2 = 1.575 mm above the proposed miniaturised hexagonal MSA at a height of h3 = 14.4 mm, a gain increased from 3.32 dBi to 6.38 dBi is attained at 5.2 GHz. The simulated outcomes of the suggested model are in association with experimental results of the prototype model.

Radiation characteristics of microstrip antenna on frequency selective surface absorbing layer

AbstractThe radiation characteristics of the microstrip antenna (MSA) on the frequency selective surface (FSS) based absorbing layer is presented in this paper. It is observed that an absorbing layer placed between the MSA configuration and the ground plane helps in controlling the radiation characteristics of the antenna. It not only reduces the back lobe but also reduces the beamwidth and gain of the antenna simultaneously. This is because the absorbing layer absorbs some amount of power radiated by the antenna in both forward and backward directions. The proposed design is simulated using Ansys HFSS electromagnetic simulation software and the results are validated by comparing it with the results obtained from the equivalent circuit approach as well as experimental results. The effect of absorber on radiation characteristics of the radiator demonstrates its potential use in suppressing the radiation from the printed circuit board traces.

Nonuniform Broadband Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Vehicular Communications

Road safety applications drive the development of vehicular communications as support to intelligent transport systems. The communications network necessary for this is supported by dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), which is based on roadside units (RSUs) and onboard units. In the RSU, the DSRC physical-layer standards, along with practical issues, require specific radiation patterns of the respective antenna, leading to the use of unusual arrays of antennas. This paper describes a new concept based on a binomial array structure, which simplifies the design of the antenna array while ensuring good performance. The new structure developed for this antenna enabled the design of a feed network using unbalanced power dividers in the same plane as that of the radiating elements, maintaining the favorable characteristics of microstrip antennas. The array thus obtained met the desired specification, in terms of a radiation pattern with a bandwidth greater than 1 GHz.

Effect of Height of the Substrate and Width of the Patch on the Performance Characteristics of Microstrip Antenna

The demand for broad-band antennas has been increased in the recent years. They find to be extensively used in high frequency and high speed data communication. The factors affecting the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna is discussed in this paper. There are two main parameter responsible for the broadening of the antenna. One is the height of the dielectric substrate and another one is the width of the patch. In this paper, we study the performance characteristics of rectangular patch antenna with variable thickness of the substrate and width of the patch. One of the parameter is varied keeping the other fixed and the characteristic effects on resonant frequency, band width and gain are studied.

Design and optimization of a modified Sierpinski fractal antenna for broadband applications

Immense understanding of antenna designers illustrate that a general microstrip antenna demonstrate low efficiency. Various techniques have been adopted to improve the performance characteristics of microstrip antenna. This paper deals with the optimization of Sierpinski fractal antenna structure by utilizing the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and curve fitting method. The required data for optimization and fitting the curve has been obtained by varying different design parameters of the proposed antenna. Electromagnetic solver Ansoft HFSS 13.0 is used for generating the parametric data. The MATLAB curve fitting tool is referred for developing the equations which exhibits the relations between the parameters of proposed antenna design. Particle swarm optimization technique is then applied to find the optimum values of the design parameters for the bandwidth enhancement of proposed antenna. Curve fitting based optimized design represents the remarkable improvement in the bandwidth of conventional microstrip line fed Sierpinski fractal antenna for broadband applications.

Study of Impedance-matching and Other Characteristics of Microstrip Antennas

Study of Impedance-matching and Other Characteristics of Microstrip Antennas

A Low-Profile Broad-Beamwidth Circular Polarization Antenna: Modified Microstrip-Monopole Antenna

A novel low-profile broad-beamwidth circular polarization antenna, named modified microstrip-monopole antenna is presented in this article. Four small circular patches are loaded at the top of the microstrip-monopole antenna. Applying this simple method, the thickness of the proposed antenna can be reduced to only 45.9% of the microstrip-monopole antenna. The low profile characteristics of microstrip antenna can be kept. The 3-dB beamwidth of the proposed antenna is 134° at the central frequency, which is 1.81 times of the classical microstrip antenna. Measured and simulated results are demonstrated, and good agreement is obtained.

Analysis of the characteristics of microstrip antennas in the decimeter wave range

Graphic dependences allowing one to promptly estimate the basic parameters of microstrip antennas (MSAs) are obtained for two frequency zones of decimeter wavelength range with central frequencies of 1600 MHz and 406 MHz, in which the equipment of satellite positioning systems (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, BEIDOU) and the COSPAS-SARSAT emergency radio beacon equipment operate. The influence of cuts in the MSA radiator that form a slow-wave structure (SWS) on the resonance frequency and frequency bandwidth of the antenna are studied. A technique of designing an MSA with circularly polarized radiated waves and this SWS is proposed, and the double impedance frequency band expansion is reached. The obtained bandwidth data are compared with theoretical limit values calculated from specified relation-ships that take into account the dissipative loss in the radiator. The MSA radiation efficiency is estimated.

Microstrip Antennas: Future Trends and New Applications

The explosive growth in the demand for wireless communication and information transfer using handsets and personal communications (PCS) devices has created the need for major advancements of antenna designs as a fundamental part of any wireless system. One type of antennas that fulfills most of the wireless systems requirements is the microstrip antennas. These antennas are widely used on base stations as well as handheld devices. Microstrip antennas have a variety of configurations and are currently the most active field in antenna research and development. The microstrip antennas, due to their great advantages, have increasingly wide range of applications in wireless communication systems as handheld mobile devices, satellite communication systems, and biomedical applications. In most PCS, the handheld antenna is placed on a small plastic/shielding box that is in close proximity to biological tissue of user body hence its radiation may cause health hazardous effects. Added to the operational requirements, the users and service providers usually demand wireless units with antennas that are small and compact, cost effective for manufacturability, low profile, and easy to integrate with other wireless communication system components. The antenna designer must consider all these issues besides the electrical characteristics of the antenna performance which include antenna tuning (operating frequency), VSWR and return loss (input impedance), bandwidth, gain and directivity, radiation pattern, diversity, and size of the chassis (expressed as a function of wavelengths) and specific absorption rate (SAR) of the antenna. These design considerations have led antenna designers to consider a wide variety of structures to meet the often conflicting needs for different applications. This special issue contains different topics about microstrip antennas. New designs are investigated for several wireless communication applications. Papers are classified from survey about most literature publications in several topics as RF energy harvesting to new designs in UWB antennas, reconfigurable antennas, smart MIMO systems, and so forth. We hope the readers and researches ofmicrostrip antenna systems will find in this special issue not only new designs about different microstrip antenna characteristics but also valuable information about numerical analysis and fabrications.

해상인명 구조통신을 위한 UHF ISM 대역 평판형 마이크로스트립 안테나 설계

본 논문에서는 해양인명구조 시스템에서 송신부인 구명조끼의 무선 송신기로부터 송신된 조난 신호를 효과적으로 수신하기위한 426MHz 대역 패널 형태의 평판형 마이크로스트립 안테나를 설계 및 제작하였다. 제작이 용이하고, 가벼우며, 적은 제작비용이 장점인 마이크로스트립(Microstrip) 안테나 구조를 이용하였으며, 협대역, 저이득, 큰 사이즈 특성을 극복하기 위하여 IDMA(Identical Dual Patch Microstrip Antenna with Air-Gap) 구조를 응용하여 설계하였다. 안테나는 유전율 4.3, 두께 1.6mm를 갖는 FR4를 사용하여 제작하였으며, 측정된 안테나의 대역폭은 <TEX>$S_{11}=-10dB$</TEX> 이하에서 28.7MHz(약 6.6%), 이득은 426MHz에서 3.04dBi로 우수한 특성을 얻었다. 또한, 상용 송수신모듈을 사용한 거리측정 실험을 통하여 5km 이상의 송수신거리의 안정적인 통신성능을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 안테나는 향후 UHF 대역 통신시스템의 기지국분야에 다양하게 응용될 수 있을 것이다. The planar microstrip antenna for the safety communication of life at sea is designed and manufactured to effectively receive the emergency wireless signal from the transmitter on the life vest. The proposed microstrip antenna in this paper is easy to make, light weight and cheap compared to other antennas because of printed antenna fabrication. To overcome the narrow bandwidth, large size and low gain characteristics of microstrip antenna, we use the IDMA(Identical Dual Patch Microstrip Antenna with Air-Gap) structure. The proposed antenna was fabricated with the use of 1.6mm FR4 and measured with the 28.7MHz(6.6%) of bandwidth and 3.04dBi of gain at the frequency of 426MHz. To validate the proposed antenna, we experimented the possible distance range at sea using the commercial UHF transceiver module and obtained over 5km distance for stable communication. This antenna can be widely applied to application of the UHF wireless mobile communication.

Aspect Ratio: A Major Controlling Factor of Radiation Characteristics of Microstrip Antenna

The effect of aspect ratio (width-to-length ratio) on overall radiation characteristics of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is theoretically investigated with a view to develop a concrete physical insight in to the phenomenon. The detailed variation of co polarized and cross polarized radiation performance as a function of aspect ratio is thoroughly presented. The gain enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna along with a radical variation of cross polarized field radiation with aspect ratio is obtained. Indeed the conjecture of occurring different fringing fields with different aspect ratio is employed to theoretically estimate the effective size of a rectangular patch, and hence to determine the quantitative change in the gain value. Close agreement amongst the theory and simulations justifies the conjecture indicating a concrete physical insight in to the fact. The aspect ratio for which the cross polarized field radiation is minimum for a particular patch is also presented and justified quantitatively.

Study of High Tc Superconducting Microstrip Antenna

Resonant characteristics of microstrip antennas with superconducting fllms is pre- sented. The analysis is based on a full electromagnetic wave model with London's equations and the two-∞uid model. It is shown that the full-wave analysis presented here gives numerical results which are in excellent agreement with the measured data available in the literature. Re- sults showing the efiect of the temperature on the resonant frequency and half-power bandwidth of superconducting microstrip antenna are given. Variations of the resonant frequency with the high Tc superconducting fllm thickness are also presented. Superconducting passive microwave devices such as antennas, fllters, transmission lines, and phase shifters have shown signiflcant superiority over corresponding devices fabricated with normal con- ductors such as gold, silver, or copper due to the advantages of superconductors (1). Advantages of using high Tc superconducting materials at high frequencies include (2): 1) very small losses, which means reduction of attenuation and noise level; 2) very small dispersion up to frequencies of several tens of GHz; 3) smaller devises due to the lower losses, which leads to larger integration density; and 4) the propagation time can be greatly reduced because of the smaller size and the shorter interconnects. In the literature, the studies concerning the resonance characteristics of microstrip antennas using perfectly conducting patches are abundant. However, few works have been done for the case of microstrip antennas using superconducting patches. The determination of the resonant frequencies of superconducting microstrip patch antennas was initially carried out by means of the magnetic wall cavity model (3). Later on, these resonant frequencies were obtained by using the rigorous full-wave analysis (4). To validate the theoretical analysis, the authors in (4) have compared their numerical results with the experimental data of Richard etal. (3). This comparison has not been done in a convenient way for two reasons: the variation of the permittivity of the lanthanum aluminate substrate with the variation of the temperature, as indicated by the experiment of Richard etal. (3), has not been take into account by Silva etal. (4) and the efiect of varying the temperature on the resonant frequency is insigniflcant. In this paper, we present a theoretical and numerical analysis of the resonant frequencies of high Tc superconducting rectangular microstrip antennas which yields excellent agreement with the mea- sured data of Richard etal. (3). To include the efiect of the superconductivity of the microstrip patch in the full-wave analysis, a surface complex impedance is considered. This impedance is de- termined by using London's equation and the two-∞uid model of Gorter and Casimir (2). Numerical results for the efiect of the temperature on the resonant frequency and half-power bandwidth of superconducting microstrip antenna are given. Finally, the in∞uence of the thickness of the high Tc superconducting fllm on the resonant frequency is also presented. 2. THEORY

Analysis of microstrip antennas on finite chiral substrates

An approach is developed to analyze microstrip antennas on finite chiral substrates using the finite-element method (FEM). The perfectly matched layers (PMLs) in the chiral media is employed in this work. First, the characteristics of microstrip antennas on infinite conventional, ferrite, and chiral substrates are respectively analyzed in order to validate our analysis. Then microstrip antennas on finite chiral substrates are investigated as a comparison with those on infinite chiral substrates. Finally, the input impedances of microstrip antennas on infinite and finite chiral substrate are calculated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 14: 49–56, 2004.

Improvement of characteristics of microstrip antennas using unbalanced structures

To improve the characteristics of microstrip antennas, an idea of utilizing unbalanced structures in the analysis and design is proposed. In the characterization, the method of moments procedure is employed and the Rao-Wilton-Glisson (1982) basis functions are used in the analysis of microstrip patch antenna. Green's functions in closed form are used, so the analysis is quite fast and efficient and the design result is very useful. The frequency dependent characteristics of a single-patch and two double-patch antennas are analyzed. The design results show that the voltage standing-wave ratio of double-patch antennas can be significantly improved using unbalanced structures.

Finite ground plane effects on the radiation pattern of small microstrip arrays

The radiation characteristics of microstrip antennas consisting of two patch elements on small size substrates are studied by means of an approximate solution technique. Special attention is paid to the shielding effect due to finite ground plane diffraction. Experimental and theoretical results show that the back radiation is influenced by the sidelobe level and can further be reduced when the antenna is boxed. For a correct radiation pattern computation these diffraction effects need to be included in the design of small array as well as in that of single element antennas.

Improved radiation pattern computation of finite microstrip antennas

A refined method to compute the radiation characteristics of microstrip antennas on finite substrates is presented. Electric surface and volume polarization currents are approximately calculated using the Green's function of an infinite dielectric slab. A comparison with measured radiation patterns shows that the excitation via coaxial probe needs to be included in the calculations for more accurate results. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 23: 263–265, 1999.