Characteristics Of Local Government Research Articles

Neighborhood Disadvantage and Birth Outcomes Among Refugees.

To examine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and birth outcomes among refugee women in Denmark, leveraging a natural experiment. This register-based study included 15 118 infants born to women who arrived in Denmark as refugees during 1986 to 1998, when a dispersal policy was in place that quasirandomly assigned newcomers to neighborhoods with varying degrees of socioeconomic disadvantage. Neighborhood disadvantage was measured using a composite index representing neighborhood-level income, education, unemployment, and welfare assistance. These data were linked to individual-level birth register data. Outcomes included low birth weight, preterm birth, and small-for-gestational-age infants. Associations between neighborhood disadvantage at resettlement and birth outcomes up to 20 years after resettlement were examined using multivariable regressions adjusting for characteristics of the women at resettlement. Each SD of increase in neighborhood disadvantage was associated with an 18% increase in low birth weight risk (0.61 percentage points [pp], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-1.02), 15% increase in preterm birth risk (0.64 pp, 95% CI: 0.22-1.07), and 7% increase in small-for-gestational-age risk (0.78 pp, 95% CI: 0.01-1.54) 5 years after resettlement. Results did not differ after adjusting for urbanicity and conational density, but associations were attenuated after adjusting for municipality-level fixed effects, suggesting that local government characteristics may partially explain the associations. Resettling in a disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with higher risk of adverse birth outcomes among refugee women. This highlights how policy decisions affecting settlement of refugees can have long-term consequences, including on the health of the next generation.

Determining factors associated with vaccination coverage in the first year of life in Brazil (2013−2022)

Access to vaccination has emerged as a growing global public health concern; however, there has been limited research on characteristics of local governments that are associated with vaccination coverage. The objective of this study was to evaluate predictors of vaccination coverage in Brazil for the first year of life between 2013 and 2022. We focused on variables pertaining to the available resources of local governments and their investments in infrastructure and human resources in the health sector. We used binomial generalized linear mixed models to estimate the association of these variables with vaccination coverage in Brazilian municipalities. Our results show that municipalities with better fiscal capacity were more effective in delivering vaccines. Municipalities that rely more on federal and state resources had lower vaccination coverage. Additionally, investment in health professionals was often negatively correlated with vaccination coverage. The study underscores the importance of better understanding the relationship between local government characteristics and vaccination coverage, particularly in regions where local governments are responsible for vaccine delivery.

The Effect of Local Government Characteristics on GRDP in Indonesia during the Pandemic Period

This research aims to analyze the influence of local government characteristics, specifically Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), on Indonesia during the pandemic. Economic growth is a key component of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as outlined in point eight of the 17 SDG goals. The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted local government administration, leading to a decrease in regional income in some regions of Indonesia. This research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis for the analysis. The results reveal that the variables of area size and the number of Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) do not have a significant impact on economic growth in Indonesia. In contrast, the variable of Regional Original Income (PAD) demonstrates a significant influence on Indonesia’s economic growth. Moreover, when considered simultaneously, the area size, the number of OPD, and PAD collectively exert a significant impact on the economic growth in Indonesia during the pandemic. These findings suggest that local governments should allocate greater efforts and resources to foster economic growth, recognizing it as a crucial element for achieving the SDGs in Indonesia. Keywords: economic growth, local government characteristics, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL GOVERNMENT (PEMDA) CHARACTERISTICS ON AUDIT OPINION WITH REGIONAL GOVERNMENT (PEMDA) FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE

Purpose - With local government financial performance serving as a mediating variable, this study intends to investigate the impact of local government characteristics, whose indicators are the degree of reliance and audit results on audit opinions Design/methodology/approach - The Regency/City Government in Banten Province from 2018 to 2021 serves as the study's population. In this investigation, 8 samples were evaluated using the saturation sampling technique. The financial reports of each PEMDA, whose information was collected from the Banten Province Representative Office of the Financial Audit Board (BPK), served as the source of the data for this study. Logistic regression analysis and mediation regression analysis were the analytical techniques employed in this investigation Finding - The outcomes of this study suggest that the amount of reliance and audit findings have a favorable effect on audit opinion, but that this effect is stronger when measured using financial performance as a mediating variable. Originality - Paper Type – Research Paper Keywords: Dependency Level, Audit Findings, Audit Opinion, Local Government Financial Performance

Local government perspectives on housing buyouts in New York after Hurricane Sandy

ABSTRACT Understanding government experience with hazard buyouts can enhance future efforts. We conducted a study of state and local government perspectives about buyouts after Hurricane Sandy in the New York area, including three jurisdictions that participated in buyouts and two that did not. Respondents differentiated outcomes for buyout participants, which they saw as financially beneficial, and outcomes for residents remaining, including limited open space and risk reduction benefits. The perceived benefits and drawbacks of buyouts were dependent on site and local government characteristics. Buyouts were seen as most appropriate as a last resort, in response to financial losses for homeowners. Increasing partnerships and opportunities for cross-jurisdictional learning, expanding time frames for buyout participation, and revisiting buyout costs and benefits over time could enhance buyout programmes.

Determinants of Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from Local Governments in Sumatera Island

This study aims to investigate determinants of financial reporting quality (FRQ) local government in Sumatera Islands, Indonesia. The FRQ local government is proxied by audit opinion from the Indonesian Supreme Audit Board (ISAB) for each local government sample. The tested independent variables are capital expenditure, characteristics of local governments (size, financial independency, and local government status), and mayor’s characteristics (experience and age). Data were obtained from the summary of semester audit results of ISAB, official website of the ministry of finance and the local governments in Sumatera Island. Total samples are 143 local governments and the period of study is 5 years (2016 – 2020, or 715 observations). Using the multinomial logistic regression, this study found that a lower ratio of capital expenditure, smaller local governments, local government in city areas, and local governments led by older and experienced mayor are associated with higher financial reporting quality. This study also uncovered that mayor education level and mayor graduated from the Institute of Public Administration (or IPDN) have positive influence of financial reporting quality of the local governments.

지방정부 문화재정과 정책지향 관계 연구

South Korea's challenges of low birth rates and an aging population are progressing at the fastest pace compared to other countries, leading to significant societal issues due to rapid demographic changes. These problems are particularly severe at the regional level. To mitigate regional extinction, it is crucial to develop specific funding utilization strategies tailored to the conditions of region to enhance competitiveness. As population issues intensify, local governments are actively investing in the cultural sector to secure regional competitiveness.
 This study aims to analyze how cultural budget varies according to the characteristics of local governments with the assumption that local policy decision-makers allocate funds reasonably. We collected data on cultural budget, population, geography, and economic characteristics of 226 local governments nationwide. and empirically verified that policy orientation in cultural policy varies according to regional characteristics.
 The results showed that local governments located in the metropolitan area with a relatively low population decline rate had a higher culture budget allocation for welfare, while local governments located in provinces with a higher population decline rate had a higher budget allocation for development such as tourism and cultural heritage. Additionally, regions with a higher proportion of cultural arts budget showed a higher quality of life, while local governments with higher budget allocation for tourism had a statistically estimated correlation with residents' income. We hope that the results of this study provide valuable insights for understanding the cultural policies of regions facing a population crisis.

Exploring the antecedents of local governments' sustainability disclosure: The role of the mayor

This work aims to enhance the understanding of Local Governments (LGs)’ sustainability disclosure (SD) practices through their official websites. The ultimate goal of this study is to assess the extent to which certain mayor's personal traits are likely to influence the level of online sustainability information provided by LGs. To this end, a manual content analysis was performed on the official websites of the Italian LGs with more than 40,000 inhabitants to assess the level of SD. A multivariate regression analysis was estimated to examine the extent to which mayors' gender, political ideology, age and education influence the level of sustainability information provided by LGs through websites. Empirical results highlight the crucial role that certain characteristics of LGs' mayor profiles exert on the level of SD. The present work offers an important contribution to the existing literature, as it extends the knowledge of SD practices in an underexplored context, like the LGs and the impact of the mayor's profile on SD levels in LGs.

지역서점 활성화 및 지원에 관한 지방자치단체의 조례분석

As the risk of local bookstores disappearing continues to increase, institutional support from local governments is needed to revitalize local bookstores. Therefore, this study analyzed 90 local governments that have enacted ordinances in order to analyze the content and characteristics of local governments' ordinances on revitalizing and supporting local bookstores. The analysis results show that, First, it is necessary to clearly reflect policy goals in the name of local bookstore-related ordinances. Second, because the definition of local bookstores is diverse, policy confusion may occur, so a policy definition that reflects the policy purpose is needed. Third, the establishment of support plans related to local bookstores is insufficient, and only 22 local governments specify the timing of plan establishment, so improvement is needed. Fourth, regulations related to financial support for local bookstores are insufficient and must be improved to ensure financial responsibility. Fifth, there are various higher-level laws applicable to local bookstore-related ordinances, so efforts to systematize them seem necessary. Sixth, only 90 (39.8%) of 226 local governments nationwide have enacted local bookstore-related ordinances. As there is a risk of local bookstores disappearing, it is necessary to expand the enactment of local bookstore ordinances.

TINGKAT RESPONSIVITAS MEMODERASI: KARAKTERISTIK PEMERINTAH DAERAH, TEMUAN HASIL PEMERIKSAAN DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN

This research aims to examine the influence of local government characteristics and audit findings on financial performance moderated by the level of local government responsiveness. The population and sample are 180 districts and cities. secondary data from inspection reports. Financial reports audited by BPKRI from 2017 to 2019. Panel data regression analysis technique, eviews data processing software with a random effect model. The results show that legislative measures, SPI weaknesses and non-compliance with statutory regulations have no effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, government size and level of wealth have a significant effect on financial performance. The level of responsiveness cannot strengthen the influence of legislative measures, SPI weaknesses and non-compliance with statutory regulations on financial performance. Meanwhile, the level of responsiveness can strengthen the influence of government size and the level of regional government wealth on financial performance.

지방정부의 청렴시책과 청렴도의 상관성에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between integrity policies and integrity of local governments from the perspective of institutional isomorphism. Local governments are making efforts to improve the integrity through integrity policies. However, since the integrity policies of local governments are implemented according to the comprehensive integrity evaluation by the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission, it is judged that institutional isomorphism is occurring without reflecting the characteristics or organizational capabilities of the institutions. Institutional isomorphism means that policy activities of all organizations become similar while organizations accept them according to the framework required by the institutional environment. This institutional isomorphism makes it difficult for local governments to improve integrity and create a culture of integrity. Looking at the relationship between integrity policies and integrity of local governments, policies to improve corruption-vulnerable areas reflecting the characteristics of institutions appeared to be correlated, and other policies were found to be insignificant with integrity. It is judged that it will be difficult to expect improvement in the essential integrity of local governments unless they develop and implement integrity policies that can create an integrity climate by reflecting the characteristics of local government.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Pemerintah Daerah terhadap Prediksi Financial Distress pada Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Sumatera Barat Tahun 2016-2020

This study aims to determine the effect of local government characteristics (Decentralization, Area and Government Complexity) on financial distress in districts/cities in West Sumatra Province from 2016-2020. The data in this study uses secondary data that is processed from local government financial reports (LKPD) from the Supreme Audit Agency of West Sumatra Province and the area and number of Regional Apparatus Work Units (SKPD) from the Central Statistics Agency of West Sumatra Province. The sampling technique in this study used the total sampling method with a sample of 19 districts/cities with a period of 5 years. Data analysis using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is one variable characteristic of local government, namely the area that has a significant influence on financial distress in a positive direction, for other variables the characteristics of local governments have an insignificant relationship where the direction of the negative relationship consists of the number of SKPD, and for the direction of the relationship positive consists of decentralization.

The Transformation of Coastal Governance, from Human Ecology to Local State, in the Jimei Peninsula, Xiamen, China

The coastal zone, situated at the sensitive interface between land and sea, serves as a pivotal area of human economic activities. As one of China’s economic special zones, Xiamen exemplifies the comprehensive trajectory of coastal governance in China. However, there are still research gaps in the human ecological transitions in coastal governance. This study adopts the research approach of scale politics and the local state, with the purpose of explaining the governance model of the coastal zone transformation. Sources include interviews with fishers, direct observation, participant observation, and content analysis. The study demonstrates how local governments strive to maximize the profits of scenic tourism, by (1) appropriating the international scale, absorbing international aid and technical assistance; (2) confiscating the access rights of the coastal zone; and (3) vertically integrating all relationships from local to international organizations to create new governance patterns. Xiamen’s coastal landscape not only presents the meltdown of human ecology under local state governance but also demonstrates a keen adaptation to the shifting dynamics of the international tourism market. From the theoretical perspective of the local state, this paper effectively points out the political characteristics of local government and bridges the loss of cultural ecology in the transformation of governance patterns.

Internal control weaknesses: Its relationship with local government characteristics and follow-up on audit results

Internal control plays a critical role in achieving the effectiveness and efficiency of organization's operational activities. This study seeks to investigate the effect of local government size, locally-generated revenue, capital expenditures, social assistance expenditures, and follow-up audit results on local government’s internal control weaknesses. By using multiple linear regressions on 382 samples of local governments in Indonesia, this study found that local government size and social assistance expenditures positively affected internal control weaknesses. Locally-generated revenue negatively affected internal control weaknesses, while capital expenditures and follow-up audit results did not significantly affect internal control weaknesses. This study adds social assistance expenditures, which are still rarely studied by previous researchers because of the large number of irregularities and their discretionary nature. Thus, the results of this study may provide an input for auditors and regulators to focus more on spending on social assistance and further improve comprehensive standards in internal control systems.

The influence of organisational and staff characteristics on local governments’ efficiency: the case of Mexican municipalities

ABSTRACT Administrative capacity depends on organisational and human factors that can enhance or diminish the performance of local governments. To analyse the effect of these factors, efficiency scores of municipal governments were calculated and regressed against organisational and staff characteristics, using double bootstrap data envelopment analysis, on a sample of 1470 Mexican municipalities. Of the variables related to staff characteristics, the proportion of employees with college education, and remunerations, have a positive and statistically significant effect on efficiency. Of the organisational characteristics of local governments, the number of computers per employee was the main variable explaining the efficiency of municipal governments.

THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL FACTORS AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT CHARACTERISTICS ON FINANCIAL DISTRESS

The success of regional autonomy can be reflected in the quality of the public services provided. This research was conducted in the local government of cities and regencies in Central Java Province. This study aimed to identify and analyze the effect of financial factors and local government characteristics on financial distress in city and district regional governments in Central Java Province for the 2017-2021 period. This research uses causal associative research with a quantitative approach. In determining the sample, a purposive sampling method was used with a population of all regencies and cities in Central Java Province for the 2017-2021 period. This study utilized eight independent variables and data processing instruments used in Microsoft Excel and Econometric Views (E-Views) version 10 with a panel data regression model.
 This study's results are partially the effectiveness and efficiency ratio that affect financial distress. While the other six variables (income growth ratio, independence ratio, regional solvency ratio, population, and audit opinion) partially do not affect financial distress. However, simultaneously the independent variables affect financial distress.

Analysis and Research on the Functions and Characteristics of Local Governments in Attracting Investment

Analysis and Research on the Functions and Characteristics of Local Governments in Attracting Investment

Pengaruh Karakteristik Pemerintah Daerah, dan Akuntabilitas terhadap Kinerja Pemerintah Daerah di Sumatera Selatan

The purpose of this study is to understand how the proxies for the characteristics of local governments, which consist of the size of the region, the level of regional wealth, the level of regional dependence and capital expenditures can affect the performance of local governments. Then also to understand how accountability can affect local government performance. This study uses the population of all district/city governments in South Sumatra Province for the 2016-2020 fiscal year. The sample used in this study was selected using a purposive sampling method, namely 15 district/city governments with an observation period of five years. The amount of data used in this study is 75 data which is secondary data sourced from the website of the Ministry of Finance, Directorate General of Fiscal Balance. The analysis technique in this study uses panel data regression analysis. By using the help of Eviews. The results of the study explain that the size of the region, the level of regional wealth and capital expenditures have no effect on the performance of the regional government. The level of regional wealth and capital expenditures cannot affect the performance of district/city governments in the province of South Sumatra in 2016-2020. Meanwhile, the level of regional dependence and accountability has a positive influence on the performance of local governments. The level of regional dependence and accountability can improve the performance of district/city local governments in South Sumatra Province in 2016-2020.

충청지역의 농촌협약 특성에 관한 연구 - 농촌 공간구조 분석과 농촌생활권 설정, 농촌다움(시설)자원 활용을 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study is to present the implications of the rural living area setting and rural spatial structure analysis of the rural spatial strategy plan through case analysis. Following the decentralization of autonomy and the promotion of the transfer of state affairs to local areas, some of the general agricultural and fishing village development projects of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs were transferred to local areas. In addition, in 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs introduced a rural agreement system for 113 cities and counties. However, since the understanding of the field is still low, this study attempted to present implications through a case analysis of the structure of rural space and the establishment of rural living areas in three local governments in Chungcheong. As a result of the study, in the stage of establishing the living zone, it is necessary to comprehensively review the contents reviewed in the analysis of the current status and conditions. However, the two local governments had insufficient interpretation of the axis by function and the establishment of the base area, or were using the upper plan as it was. Second, the source of the data used in the survey on the distribution status of living SOC facilities is unclear. Since the distribution status of living SOC facilities overlaps with accessibility analysis, OD data analysis, and resident survey results and is used as the basis for setting living areas, the data source should be clearly marked, and verification should be possible. Third, amenity (facility) resources were classified and analyzed according to the conditions and characteristics of local governments. The local government that applied the guidelines as they were was A local government, and the remaining local governments conducted surveys and analysis according to the current status. Forth, since the establishment of the rural living area is the minimum unit supported by government policies through future rural agreements, it is necessary to distinguish them based on quantitative standards in the process of establishing them. Only one case area presented clear grounds and standards, and the rest of the case areas presented standards but are based on non-quantitative standards. In order for rural agreements to be sustainable in the future and benefit local residents, it is necessary to use or establish a government-level institution that can collect and produce objective data. In addition, it is necessary to find ways to specify and standardize the standards for setting the living area and specify them in the guidelines.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Pemerintah Daerah dan Laporan Hasil Pemeriksaan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan

Government financial performance is an illustration of the level of achievement of financial management on the implementation of a program/activity in realizing the goals, objectives, vision, and mission that contained in the regional government strategic plan. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the characteristics of local governments, namely regional size, intergovernmental revenue, regional expenditures, legislative measures, and audit reports in the form of audit findings and audit opinions on the financial performance of local governments. The data used in this study is secondary data sourced from the website djpk.kemenkeu.go.id, the website bpk.go.id, and the websites of each local government. The sample in this study was district and city governments in Indonesia that selected using a purposive sampling technique based on specified criteria. The data collection technique used a documentation study, then the data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the size of the local government, regional spending, and the size of the legislature affect the financial performance of local governments. Meanwhile, intergovernmental revenue, audit findings, and audit opinions have no effect on the financial performance of local governments.