Characteristics Of Fresh Semen Research Articles

P-354 Advanced Paternal Age (APA) amplifies cryopreservation-induced stress in human spermatozoa

Abstract Study question Does paternal age intensify the negative effects of cryopreservation on sperm quality? Summary answer Paternal age exacerbates the adverse impact of cryopreservation on sperm quality. What is known already Despite mounting evidence indicating age-related declines in sperm quality, the impact of APA on male fertility remains unclear. APA raises questions about DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial activity, a robust indicator of sperm functionality. While sperm cryopreservation is extensively employed in fertility preservation and assisted reproductive technology (ART), its potentially detrimental effects on cells compartments, including mitochondria, persist. The mechanisms of APA on sperm susceptibility to cryopreservation-induced cellular damage still need to be addressed. Study design, size, duration This prospective multicentric study, conducted between January and October 2023, comprised 200 men. Only normozoospermic samples were included in the research (n = 81). Then, based on their age, the participants were categorised into two groups: ages ≤35 (non-APA, n = 40) and ages ≥42 (APA, n = 41). The cohorts were stratified into distinct subgroups, encompassing both fresh and frozen/thawed specimens of APA and non-APA sperm, and subjected to evaluations encompassing mitochondrial functionality, acrosomal reaction, DNA fragmentation and Tyrosine phosphorylation. Participants/materials, setting, methods Semen samples were collected after 2-7 days abstinence and analysed according to WHO 2021 guidelines. Acrosomal status was determined using FITC-conjugate PSA. DNA fragmentation was examined with the Halosperm kit. Mitochondrial functionality was gauged using MitoTracker Red CMXRos through the percentage of stained cells and fluorescence intensity and PCR for mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). Tyrosine phosphorylation was assessed through immunofluorescence and Western Blotting. Main results and the role of chance Non-APA group exhibited significantly superior fresh semen characteristics. DNA fragmentation was notably elevated in fresh semen from APA group, reaching 21.7%, compared to 15.4% non-APA individuals. After cryopreservation, the DNA fragmentation index further increased in men over 42 years to 26.7%. Mitochondrial functionality analysis indicated a significant decrease in staining intensity in cryopreserved sperm, notably in the APA group, with mean fluorescence intensity decreasing from 3.35±1.5 to 1.8±0.5. In contrast, the non-APA group experienced a drop from 3.33±1.6 to 2.53±1.6. Additionally, in the APA group, a significant increase in mtDNAcn was observed in both fresh and frozen/thawed sperm compared to the younger counterparts, indicative of poor mitochondrial quality. Cryopreservation negatively impacted acrosome integrity in both age groups, with a significant decrease observed in unreacted acrosomes from 71.5% to 57.7% in the non-APA group and from 75% to 63% in the APA group. Furthermore, exploration of capacitation-like changes, like tyrosine phosphorylation, demonstrated a significant decrease with age and a negative impact of cryopreservation on tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm from young males. Limitations, reasons for caution Main limitations are the small number of examined samples and the inclusion of only normozoospermic patients. Therefore, future investigations are needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of paternal age on cryopreservation-induced stress in human spermatozoa. Wider implications of the findings Our research sheds light on the influence of paternal age on sperm cryopreservation, revealing higher vulnerability of mitochondria and elevated DNA fragmentation in APA. These findings should be considered when advising older men on choosing cryopreservation techniques in assisted reproductive treatments. Trial registration number Not applicable

Cemani chicken: characteristics of fresh semen, testes morphometric, and the relationship between the two traits

Abstract The monitoring of the reproductive performance of roosters can be conducted by examining the characteristics of fresh semen, the morphometric approach of the testes, and the correlation between these two traits. To analyze the semen traits, a total of ten rooster heads were utilized, while the morphometric analysis of the testes was performed on five rooster heads. Descriptive methods were employed to assess the shape and characteristics of the fresh semen. The average length, width, weight, and circumference of the testes were evaluated using a T-test with a confidence level of 95%. Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation was employed to investigate the association between the traits of the semen and the morphology of the testes. The effects confirmed that the testes of Cemani chickens had been no extraordinary from chickens in general, placed inside the frame hollow space close to the spine, connected to the dorsal belly hollow space, or simply in the back of the lungs and the front of the kidneys and testes, elongated and oval. Typically, the left testes were relatively longer, wider, and heavier than the right testes. The semen exhibited a creamy white color, with a thick consistency and an acidity level of seven. Furthermore, it displayed a satisfactory mass movement with an average value of 2.80 ± 0.92. The motility and viability of the spermatozoa were within the normal range (70.50 ± 5.50 and 80.90 ± 4.58, respectively) at a concentration of 1402 ± 382 x 106/ml. The characteristics of the semen and the size of the testes (both left and right) demonstrated a correlation with motility. This observation concluded was that Cemani chickens exhibit remarkably accurate semen characteristics and testicular morphometrics.

Effects of preservation period on quality of chilled semen of Boer-cross bucks

Characteristics of fresh semen and the effect of chilling on the quality of semen of Boer-cross bucks were studied. Fresh semen from two Boer-cross bucks was evaluated for volume, mass motility, progressive motility, viability, concentration and proportion of spermatozoa with normal acrosome, mid-piece and tail. The semen was diluted at 1:4 ratios with Tris-fructose-citrate-egg yolk extender, preserved at 4ºC for 72 hours and evaluated for progressive motility and proportion of spermatozoa with normal acrosome, mid-piece and tail at 24-hour intervals for three days. The mean volume, mass motility, progressive motility, sperm viability, sperm concentration and proportion of spermatozoa with normal acrosome, mid-piece and tail of fresh semen of Buck 1 and Buck 2 were 370.0 ± 0.1 and 410.0 ± 0.1 μl, 3.3 ± 0.4 and 3.4 ± 0.1, 74.0 ± 13.9 and 76.0 ± 6.5%, 82.3 ± 7.5 and 84.3 ± 4.2%, 2730.0 ± 740.9 × 106/ml and 2584.0 ± 470.1 × 106/ml, and 93.3 ± 2.9 and 94.9 ± 0.4%, respectively. The progressive motility in chilled semen of Buck 1 at days 1, 2 and 3 was 61.2 ± 7.3, 51.0 ± 7.3 and 39.0 ± 5.5%, respectively; in Buck 2, it was 60.6 ± 6.8, 50.2 ± 6.2 and 39.2 ± 5.4%, respectively. The difference in semen parameters among days of preservation was significant (P<0.05) in both bucks. The proportion of spermatozoa with normal acrosome, mid-piece and tail in chilled semen of Buck 1 at days 1, 2 and 3 was 88.0 ± 7.0, 88.8 ± 5.9 and 87.1 ± 7.7%, respectively; in Buck 2, it was 86.6 ± 4.8, 84.1 ± 4.6 and 81.8 ± 4.9%, respectively. It is suggested that the characteristics of fresh semen of these two Boer-cross bucks were within normal range. The quality of semen of Boer-cross bucks deteriorated with chilling up to 72 hours. Improvement of the preservation protocol is required to obtain satisfactory quality of chilled semen of Boer-cross bucks.
 Bangl. vet. 2022. Vol. 39, No. 1-2, 34–42

Post-thaw quality of Malabari buck semen with different freezing resilience

The study was conducted to assess the difference in post-thaw quality parameters of Malabari buck spermatozoa of good and poor semen freezability. The ejaculates collected from Malabari bucks of good (n=3) and poor (n=3) semen freezability were pooled separately as group A and group B, respectively after the initial evaluation. The extended semen in each group was processed and cryopreserved by the conventional method of static vapour freezing. After thawing, the quality of semen in both groups was assessed in terms of progressive motility, viability, morphological abnormalities, acrosome integrity, functional membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation status (MDA) of spermatozoa. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the fresh semen characteristics of group A and B bucks except for concentration, progressive motility and functional membrane integrity of spermatozoa. But, post-thaw quality of groups A and B differed significantly in terms of progressive motility (48.89 ± 0.64 % vs 18.06 ± 1.08 %), viability (55.17 ± 0.57 % vs 26.33 ± 0.95 %), acrosome integrity (62.44 ± 0.62 % vs 33.42 ± 0.34 %), functional membrane integrity (47.00 ± 0.36 % vs 23.36 ± 0.63 %) and MDA concentration (7.83 ± 0.29 nmol/mL vs 13.95 ± 0.08 nmol/mL) whereas morphological abnormalities (2.11 ± 0.08 % vs 2.39 ± 0.09 %) did not differ significantly. The findings of the present study showed that even with similar fresh semen characteristics, spermatozoa from different Malabari bucks have varying degrees of cryosurvivability.

70 Effect of seasons and additives in Arunachali yak bull semen at different stages of processing and freezing along with fresh semen characteristics

Reproduction, Fertility and Development is an international journal publishing original research , review and comment in the fields of reproduction and developmental biology in humans, domestic animals and wildlife

Differential Expressions of Protamine 1 (PRM1) and Protamine 2 (PRM2) Genes as Markers of Semen Quality in Pasundan Bulls

Several gene expressions are related to the success of spermatogenesis. Protamine plays an important role in sperm DNA packaging, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality. This study aimed to isolate RNA from spermatozoa and determine the gene expression profiles of protamine 1 (PRM1) and protamine 2 (PRM2). Six Pasundan bulls aged 5-8 years with a body weight of 380 kg-430 kg were used for this study. The Pasundan bulls were classified into group A (70%-79%) and group B (80%-89%) based on their sperm motility in fresh semen. In this study, correlation analysis was performed between fresh semen characteristics (volume, motility, concentration, abnormality, viability, intact plasma membrane (IPM), DNA integrity) and frozen semen characteristics after thawing (motility, viability, IPM, and DNA integrity). Total RNA was isolated from the frozen sperm pellet, and cDNA was synthesized. Specific PCR primers were used for the transcription of PRM1 and PRM2 from sperm. PRM1 and PRM2 gene expressions were evaluated by qRT-PCR, and ACTB was used as a control. The results showed that progressive sperm motility in the fresh sperm positively correlated with sperm viability and IPM. PRM1 and PRM2 were higher (p<0.05) in group B than in group A. This condition indicates the existence and influence of protamine on the parameters of progressive sperm motility. The expression of PRM1 and PRM2 genes could use as markers of semen quality in Pasundan bulls.

Administration of carbetocin-a long-acting oxytocin analogue-before sperm collection by transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the accessory sex glands in bucks (Capra hircus) and ibexes (Capra pyrenaica).

Transrectal ultrasonic-guided massage of the accessory sex glands (TUMASG) is a technique that allows collecting semen requiring few electrical stimuli or even no pulse. A long-acting analogue of oxytocin (carbetocin, 0.1mg) was i.v. administered before TUMASG in 10 conscious bucks (Experiment 1) and 10 anaesthetized Iberian ibexes (Experiment 2) to shorten the time of semen collection, decrease the number of electrical stimuli and/or improve the semen quality. The ejaculated volume, concentration, quality parameters and kinetics variables of the sperm were determined in fresh semen. The time length of the procedures and the number of electric pulses applied were recorded. Furthermore, stress response indicators (number of vocalizations in Experiment 1; heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, cortisol levels, totals proteins and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in Experiment 2) were documented. In bucks, the administration of carbetocin tended to shorten the time needed for semen collection but no-showed differences in the fresh seminal quality. In the Iberian ibexes, there were no significant differences between groups in the time length of procedures or in the number of animals that ejaculated. Carbetocin administration only reduced the respiratory rate, did it modify fresh semen characteristics in ibexes. In conclusion, the administration of carbetocin did not appear as a useful tool to improve welfare during semen collection with TUMASG or semen quality in conscious bucks and anaesthetized ibexes, having only slight advantages related to the procedure.

PRODUCTIVITY AND FRESH SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMMENTAL BULL DIFFERENT AGES

This study aimed to determine the effect of age on bulls’ productivity and fresh semen characteristics of Simmental bull in Indonesia. A total of 1071 data of semen collection and production from four age groups (two years old (yo), four yo, ≥ 10 yo with high semen rejection (≥10 HR), and ≥ 10 yo with low semen rejection (≥10 LR) were used in this study to evaluate the productivity and characteristics of fresh semen. The results showed that the pre-freezing and post-freezing semen rejection rate of ≥10 HR group was higher (P0.05) than the other groups. The four yo group had the percentage of second semen ejaculation each collection was higher (P0.05) than the other groups. Furthermore, semen volume, sperm concentration, and total sperm concentration significantly increased (P0.05) until four yo and then decreased (P0.05) in ≥ 10 yo groups. The ≥10 HR group had the volume and total sperm concentration significantly different (P0.05) with a group of ≥10 LR. Total sperm motility, individual motility, and mass movement were lower (P0.05) in ≥10 HR than the other groups. In conclusion, age differences of bulls can affect the productivity and characteristics of fresh semen.

Macro- and microelements in serum and seminal plasma as biomarkers for bull sperm cryotolerance

ABSTRACTBackgroundWide variation in fertility rates is observed when using frozen bull semen, even when the bulls have met quality standards for semen production. Therefore, a simple and reliable test to assess the freezing potential of bull semen based on the analysis of fresh semen or blood would be of great value. Attention is now turning to assessment of seminal plasma components such as proteins and elements. In the present study, the concentrations of macro- and microelements in fresh bull semen plasma and in serum and their correlation with quality characteristics of fresh semen and with semen quality after freezing and thawing were determined. Ejaculates were collected from 30 mature bulls, and semen volume, concentration, sperm motility, morphology, tail membrane integrity, plasma membrane permeability and DNA fragmentation were determined on the day of collection and after freezing and thawing. The concentrations of macroelements (Na, Mg, K and Ca) and microelements (Cu, Fe, Zn and Se) were determined in the seminal plasma and serum. The semen samples were classified into satisfactory and unsatisfactory groups according to the fresh semen quality.ResultsZinc and Se levels measured in serum were associated with almost all fresh and frozen-thawed semen quality characteristics, while Fe levels were associated only with acrosomal defects in fresh semen. Zinc and Fe levels in fresh seminal plasma were associated with various quality characteristics of fresh and frozen-thawed semen, while Se level in fresh seminal plasma was not associated with any of the semen quality characteristics.ConclusionsMicroelements were shown to be useful as biomarkers involved in the analysis of bull sperm quality and could be used as an additional tool to predict bull semen quality after freezing and thawing. Our results confirm that the analysis of Zn and Se levels in serum and Zn, Cu and Fe levels in fresh seminal plasma can provide information to discriminate between bull semen samples with spermatozoa with high or low cryotolerance.

Supplementation of the diets with hydroponic maize fodder affects digestibility, puberty, sexual behavior, and semen characteristics in buck kids.

Hydroponics is one of the widely adopted technologies for fodder production in arid and semi-arid regions. In addition to the benefits such as shorter growth period and minimal water and land use, it also produces nutritious fodder that contains essential nutrients required for the growth and reproduction of livestock. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding hydroponic maize fodder on the reproductive performance of buck kids. Twenty-four Tellicherry buck kids aged around 3 months were randomly selected and allocated into three treatment groups, namely, control, treatment 1 (T1), and treatment 2 (T2). Experimental diets were formulated by replacing the concentrate with hydroponic maize fodder at 0% (control), 25% (T1), and 50% (T2) level. The buck kids supplemented with hydroponic maize fodder attained puberty earlier (T1, 246.50 ± 2.61 days; T2, 241.00 ± 2.06 days) (P < 0.05); had higher (P < 0.05) scrotal circumference, testicular volume, and fresh semen characteristics; and exhibited intense sexual behaviors than the non-supplemented kids. Furthermore, hydroponic maize fodder supplementation improved the digestibility of dry matter (DM) (P < 0.01), organic matter (OM) (P < 0.01), crude fiber (CF) (P < 0.05), ether extract (EE) (P < 0.01), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) (P < 0.01) in the kids. In conclusion, hydroponic maize fodder feeding did not have any negative impact on the reproductive performance of kids. Furthermore, the hydroponic maize fodder supplementation enhanced the kids' nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance.

Seasonality of the stress response in goat bucks when there is use of electroejaculation for semen collection

Electroejaculation (EE) is frequently used to collect semen, but this procedure is both stressful and painful. In seasonal-breeding species the sensitivity to stressors might vary with season of the year when semen collection occurs, therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the responses when imposing the EE procedure, stress response to EE and fresh semen characteristics in goat bucks throughout the year. Semen was collected using EE from goat bucks once in autumn (mid-breeding season), winter (transition to the non-breeding season), spring (non-breeding season), and summer (beginning of the breeding season). The number of pulses applied during ejaculation was larger in the autumn and spring than winter and summer months. The number of vocalizations/pulse while bucks were ejaculating was greater in the summer than winter and spring months. The increase in heart rate was greater in spring than summer months. Cortisol concentration was least in the autumn, and concentration of creatine kinase (CK) was greatest in summer. Sperm mass motility was greater in autumn than spring months. Spermatozoa concentration, total number of spermatozoa ejaculated, motile spermatozoa ejaculated, and progressively motile spermatozoa were greater in the autumn and spring than in the winter and summer months. The bucks were less stressed by imposing EE procedures in the autumn, and buck responses were greater in the spring-summer period. Bucks had a greater incremental increase in serum CK and number of vocalizations in the summer months, indicating there was a greater muscular damage and quite likely pain associated with lesser semen quality.

Kualitas Semen Segar dan Produksi Semen Beku Sapi Pejantan Madura pada Musim yang Berbeda

Variation among breed and seasons were speculated influence to the quality of fresh semen bull. The aim of this research was to evaluate the quality of fresh semen and the potential of frozen semen production madura bull in rainy and dry seasons at Lembang Artificial Insemination Center (AIC). This research used secondary data of semen production from January to December 2015. In this research were used 5 bulls. The observed variables for macroscopic characteristics of fresh semen were volume, color, pH, and consistency, and microscopic characteristics of fresh semen were mass movement, motility, and concentration of spermatozoa. It could be concluded that the quality of fresh semen and the potential of frozen semen production of several madura bulls were relatively different in the rainy and dry seasons.

Fresh semen characteristics in captive accipitrid and falconid birds of prey

Artificial insemination (AI) is the most frequently used assisted reproductive technique for captive propagation of rare avian species. As semen quality is critical for reproductive success, baseline data are needed for evaluating and selecting the best male bird donors. To this end, we used computer-assisted semen analysis to assess male eastern imperial eagles (n = 7), northern goshawks (n = 24) and peregrine falcons (n = 20). While imperial eagles and northern goshawks donate ejaculate voluntarily, peregrine falcons required cloacal massage. Eight peregrine falcon females were inseminated with semen from eight males, with fresh ejaculates (15 to 50 µl) applied to the pars uterina of the oviduct immediately after collection and examination. All females were inseminated within 2 h of laying an egg. A fertilization rate of 70% was achieved using this method. Minimum semen characteristics associated with egg fertilization included a semen concentration of 115.12 × 106/ml, 33.52% total motility, 1.92% spermatozoa with progressive motility and 0.17% with rapid motility. Comparative data on spermatozoa concentration and kinematics suggest that eastern imperial eagles concentrate on high quality semen investment at the start of the breeding season, northern goshawks compensate for a decrease in motility-associated parameters with increased semen concentration and peregrine falcons maintain semen production standards throughout the breeding season. Our data show that, in birds of prey, levels of egg fertilization following AI with fresh semen can be almost as successful as after natural mating.

Can mineral supplementation modify the characteristics of young buffalo ejaculate?

This study aimed to determine the influence of mineral supplementation on the concentration of macroelements and microelements in the seminal plasma and the semen characteristics of young buffaloes. To this end, 60 animals were kept under rotational grazing and were randomly divided into two groups: G-Bov (conventional mineral supplement recommended for bovine cattle; n = 30) and G-Buf (mineral supplement recommended for buffaloes; n = 30). Mineral supplement consumption was calculated from the difference between the amount of supplement offered and the leftover bunk, calculated every 28 days. Eight ejaculates from each animal were collected. The means of the response variables were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%, and Pearson’s correlation was analyzed between the concentration of minerals in seminal plasma and fresh semen characteristics. Animals in the G-Buf group had lower mineral supplement consumption (G-Bov = 83.18 vs. G-Buf = 77.14 g AU-1 day-1, P &lt; 0.05) and had higher ejaculate volume, sperm motility, sperm vigor, and sperm mass motility than did the animals in the G-Bov group. This research presented the concentration of macroelements and microelements in the seminal plasma of buffaloes receiving different mineral supplements. In addition, the study concluded that the physical and morphological characteristics of the semen of young buffaloes are influenced by the formulation of the mineral supplement, which resulted in better sperm quality in the animals receiving a species-specific supplement. Among the minerals present in buffalo seminal plasma, phosphorus is the element that shows the highest positive correlation with semen characteristics.

Effect of dietary grape marc on fresh and refrigerated boar semen

In several studies there has been evaluation of the dietary addition of antioxidants to improve the quality of fresh and stored semen in domestic animals. Grape marc (GM), as the residue of vinification, contains large amounts of polyphenols with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiaging effects. In this study, two regimens of dietary GM supplementation (2% and 4%) were tested regarding effects on the characteristics and lipid peroxidation of fresh and stored semen. The dietary supplementation of GM improved sperm characteristics in fresh semen, especially at 4% of GM. There were greater values for all kinetic variables and membrane integrity, and lesser values for sperm abnormalities and lipid peroxidation with 2% and 4% GM supplementation. Lipid peroxidation of the pellet was less with both 2% and 4% GM supplementation. During sperm storage, the dietary supplementation of GM improved the quality of sperm, with greater values for kinetic variables and membrane integrity at day 15 of storage. In the present study, supplementation of GM in boar diets improved fresh semen characteristics and reduced the lipid peroxidation of ejaculated spermatozoa, possibly due to the effect of polyphenols present in the GM. Consequently, this likely resulted in improved sperm quality during storage.

Organic zinc and copper supplementation on antioxidant protective mechanism and their correlation with sperm functional characteristics in goats.

Trace minerals feeding had significant effects on sperm production and fertility with better absorption and proper utilization within the body for optimum reproductive function. Several studies have shown that more influenced trace elements in the diets of animals are copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Bucks showing deficiency of this mineral might affect the quality of semen production which in turn would affect the fertility. This experiment was thus designed to test the effects of organic Cu and Zn supplementation on antioxidants enzyme activities and sperm functional attributes in fresh semen of bucks. Forty bucks (n=40, Aged 5months) were assigned to ten groups of four animals in each group, supplemented (for a period of 8months) with different levels of organic Zn: 20mg (T2), 40mg (T3) and 60mg (T4), organic Cu: 12.5mg (T5), 25mg (T6), 37.5mg (T7) and combined organic Zn and Cu: 20+12.5mg (T8), 40+25mg (T9), 60+37.5mg (T10), respectively, per kg dry matter and no additional mineral diet (control; T1). One hundred and sixty semen samples were collected through electro-ejaculator and analysed for sperm quantity, quality, acrosome intactness and plasma membrane integrity and correlated with the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzyme activities in seminal plasma. The results indicated organic Cu and zinc supplemented bucks produced more sperm cells, had higher sperm concentrations, maintained higher (p<.01) sperm livability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, more motility and velocity. The increased antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced oxidative stress and lowered lipid peroxidation were positively correlated (p<.05) with the sperm functional attributes. In conclusion, organic Cu and Zn supplement to male goats showed protective roles against oxidative damage and maintained better fresh semen characteristics.

The effect of freezing on cryosurvival of yak sperm

A study was carried out to study the effect of freezing on cryosurvival of yak semen. Artificial insemination in yak is still in infancy. Semen cryopreservation and use of artificial insemination can be applied in yak husbandry for conservation and rapid multiplication of superior germplasm. Semen was collected from four adult yak bulls using artificial vagina method managed under uniform conditions. A total of 40 ejaculates comprising of 10 ejaculates each bull were collected following twice a week schedule and evaluated for fresh semen characteristics. The fresh yak semen characteristics viz. ejaculate volume (ml), mass activity (0-4), initial sperm motility (%), sperm concentration (x 106/ml), live sperm (%), sperm abnormality (%) and intact acrosome (%) were 3.10 ± 0.18, 3.53 ± 0.96, 83.89 ± 2.87, 1180.22 ± 42.32, 77.63 ± 4.23, 8.45 ± 3.33 and 93.61 ± 3.78 respectively. The ejaculates were diluted (1:10) with Tris extender consisting of 6.4 ml glycerol and 20 ml of fresh egg yolk. Straws were equilibrated at 5°C for 4 hours followed by exposure to liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 minutes and finally transferred to liquid nitrogen container for storage. The cryosurvival rate was studied after 7 days of storage in liquid nitrogen. The frozen semen was thawed in warm water (37°C) for 30 seconds for evaluation. Mean values of postthaw sperm motility (%), live sperm (%) and intact acrosome (%) in yaks were 55.67 ± 4.67, 65.62 ± 3.23 and 89.26 ± 3.67 respectively. In conclusion, yak semen has a better cryosurvival while freezing in tris extender with 6.4 per cent glycerol and 20 per cent egg yolk following an equilibration period of 4h.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 215-218 (2017)

Effect of porcine somatotropin on metabolism, testicular size and sperm characteristics in young boars

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pST injections on metabolism, testicular size, and sperm characteristics in young boars. Sixty 22-day old piglets were divided into two groups: pST (n=30) and Control (n=30). The pST group was submitted to pST injections (90µg/kg body weight) every three days up to 330 days of age. Blood collections were performed weekly. Testicular weight was measures at 22, 82, 142, 202 and 365 days of age. Libido and fresh semen characteristics were evaluated between 150 and 210 days of age. Semen characteristics were also evaluated during a 72h storage period (15ºC). Testosterone, albumin, and phosphorus blood concentrations were higher in the pST group (P&lt;0.05). The pST group had a higher IGF-I concentration in seminal plasma (P=0.05) and higher testicular weight (P&lt;0.001) compared to the Control group. The pST group had higher ejaculate volume (P&lt;0.001), total sperm count (P=0.047) and number of inseminating doses/ejaculate (P=0.047). During the 72h storage period, the pST group had a lower number of morphological alterations (P&lt;0.001) compared to the Control group. In sum, pST injection in young boars increased testosterone concentration, testicular size, and sperm quality.

KARAKTERISTIK SEMEN SEGAR SAPI BANGSA LIMOUSIN DAN SIMMENTAL DI BALAI INSEMINASI BUATAN LEMBANG

FRESH SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF LIMOUSIN AND SIMMENTAL BULLS AT THE ARTIFISIAL INSEMINATION CENTER, LEMBANG. This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of fresh semen in Limousin and Simmental bulls at the artificial insemination center in Lembang. Results of this study showed that ejaculation frequency of Simmental bull was significantly higher than that of Limousin with the average of 5.37 and 4.60, respectively. Variables of volume, pH and motility were not significantly different between both bulls with volume ranging of 7.17 – 7.20 ml, pH ranging of 6.65 – 6.66 and motility ranging of 58.08 – 59.29%, respectively. The fresh semen colour of Limousin and Simmental bulls were indicated by dominant color of milk white color. Semen consistency of fresh semen from both bulls was moderate. The ejaculation frequency and pH variables indicated the correlation of -0.32 in Limousine bulls, meaning that the higher the ejaculation frequency, the lower the pH (acid), but the ejaculation frequency and motility of semen had the correlation of 0,34, indicating the more the semen ejaculation frequency, the higher the motility of spermatozoa. The motility of semen had the negative correlation with pH (-0.49). The higher the pH (base), the motility of spermatozoa tended to decline. Simmental bull showed also that semen ejaculation frequency with volume had correlation of -0.40, indicating that the higher the semen ejaculation frequency yakni, the lower the semen volume. Semen ejaculation frequency had correlation of 0.5 with mortality, indicating that the higher the semen ejaculation frequency, the higher the motility of spermatozoa.Keywords: Semen, ejaculation, volume, color, consistency, pH, motility

Characteristics and freezability of Assam Hill goat semen

Assam Hill goat (AHG) is an important goat germplasm found in Assam and its adjoining areas of India. The study was designed with an objective to study the semen characteristics and freezability of AHG buck semen using Tris -Egg yolk-Citrate-Fructose diluent. The mean values of fresh semen characteristics in AHG bucks viz., ejaculate volume (ml), initial sperm motility (%), sperm concentration (x106/ml), live sperm (%), sperm abnormality (%), HOST-reacted sperm (%) and intact acrosome (%) recorded were 0.39 ± 0.01, 77.97 ± 0.73, 3201.00 ± 143.78, 83.02 ± 0.65, 7.66 ± 0.73, 66.95 ± 0.74 and 93.34 ± 0.51, respectively. Mean values for post-thaw semen characteristics i.e., sperm motility (%), live sperm (%), HOST-reacted sperm (%) and intact acrosome (%) were 55.39 ± 0.97, 71.01 ± 0.78, 54.77 ± 0.55 and 82.16 ± 0.43, respectively. It can be concluded that AHG bucks donate acceptable quality of semen which can be frozen successfully in Tris-Egg yolk-Citrate-Fructose diluents for using in Artificial Insemination.