Characteristics Of Effective Leaders Research Articles

Relevansi Pemikiran John C. Maxwell Untuk Kepemimpinan Kristen Yang Efektif Masa Kini

Leadership helps organizations, institutions, or institutions to achieve their goals optimally and effectively. Without the leadership function being implemented or applied consistently, an organization will not run as expected, including Christian leadership (churches or Christian service institutions). This research seeks to emphasize the importance of implementing leadership in Christian organizations and therefore this research aims to describe John C. Maxwell's thoughts on leadership for effective Christian leadership. The research method used is descriptive, namely describing thoughts that contribute to answering existing research problems. It was found that Maxwell's leadership model, especially the characteristics of effective leadership, has contributed to effective Christian leadership today.

Exploring the effectiveness of pharmacy curriculum in Saudi Arabia in developing leadership skills among pharmacy students from their perspective: A mixed-methods study

IntroductionLeadership is an important component of pharmacy education. This study helps identify the strengths and limitations of the pharmacy curriculum in developing leadership skills among pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia and suggest how to improve the curriculum to better prepare them to become effective leaders in the healthcare profession. MethodsThis study employed a mixed-methods research design with a sequential exploratory design. Phase I involved semi-structured interviews with student leaders of pharmacy student clubs/societies from different universities in Saudi Arabia. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The written transcriptions were analyzed using thematic analysis. Phase II used a survey questionnaire to collect data from a larger sample of pharmacy students and interns from different universities in Saudi Arabia and the data is mainly presented as frequencies and percentages. ResultsEleven eligible participants were interviewed. Thematic analysis generated 288 codes which were categorized into 17 subthemes. These subthemes were further categorized into five overarching themes: Leadership development and acquisition; Skills and characteristics of effective leaders; Challenge and support for student leaders; Personal growth and benefits of leadership; Vision, goals and responsibilities of student leaders. The findings informed the development of the survey questionnaire which was completed by 484 students/interns. Mixed opinions were received regarding whether the pharmacy curriculum/program is helping or has helped the respondents develop leadership skills as well as whether the college has provided (or is providing) adequate support, resources or opportunities for the development of leadership skills. Eighty-eight per cent of the participants requested that the pharmacy curriculum in their college should include more courses or workshops focused on leadership development. They favoured several options from the listed topics to be included in these courses or workshops of which effective communication was the most prominent. ConclusionThis study highlights that pharmacy curriculum/colleges in Saudi Arabia promote essential leadership skills through various pedagogical approaches and support mechanisms to some extent. However, the students identified that the pharmacy curriculum needs to be revised in order to better prepare them for leadership positions.

Efektivitas smart leadership untuk meningkatkan kepemimpinan transformasional pegawai perusahaan retail

Leaders are symbols, role models, drivers and sources of influence, who can direct various activities and resources to achieve their goals. The ability to unite various human individuals formed in a group is a difficulty in itself, and one of the main tasks for a leader. The characteristics of effective leadership are leaders who can encourage their subordinates to carry out their responsibilities more than they expect, which is called transformational leadership. This research aims to measure the effectiveness of smart leadership training to improve transformational leadership in retail company employees. The research method used in this research is one group pre-test and post-test. The results of research analysis based on the Paired Sample T-Test, obtained a T value of -3.326 with a significance of 0.002 (p<0.05). This means that there is a significant difference between the transformational leadership of employees before and after being given Smart Leadership training. The results of this research can bring about changes in leadership styles that are more effective for supervisory level employees in retail companies so that they can be aligned with the company's goals.

Özel Eğitim Öğretmenlerinin Yöneticilerine Yönelik Algıladıkları Etkili Liderlik Özelliklerinin İş Motivasyonlarıyla İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

In this research, it was aimed to examine the relationship between the effective leadership characteristics perceived by teachers working in private educational institutions towards their managers and their work motivations. In this context, regression analysis was carried out to determine the effect of the perceptions of teachers working in special education institutions about effective leadership characteristics on job motivation. In addition, some findings have been reached based on the data obtained about whether the perception of effective leadership characteristics in private educational institutions is a significant predictor of extrinsic motivation. The current situation of teachers working in special education institutions related to excitement has been examined in this context. Being excited; It means approaching life with energy and excitement, a lively and active life. It has been determined that the ability of educational administrators to produce alternative solutions when faced with any problem and the energy they need to solve the problem depends on being excited and positive. Key Words: Special Education, Teacher, Effective Leadership, Work Motivation

The characteristics of effective leadership on a selected sample of the human resources sector in the Serbian Ministry of Interior

One of the main goals of public sector reform in the Republic of Serbia is to develop professional capacity and create effective leadership. In general, effective leadership has a very significant role in public sector functioning. In addition, it is also important for the quality of public services that are delivered to citizens and other stakeholders. The aim of this research was to investigate the association between characteristics and behaviours of managers, which are internal factors influencing the process of effective leadership in the public sector. The research was conducted in the organizational units of the Sector for Human Resources of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia on a sample of 50 respondents. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the associations. The results of the research indicated that the authoritarian characteristics of managers are mostly related to directive behaviour of managers, i.e., a high positive correlation was calculated between authoritarian characteristics and directive behaviour of managers (r = 0.784, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that the charismatic characteristics of managers are mostly related to the transformational behaviour of managers, i.e., a very high positive correlation was calculated between charismatic characteristics and transformational behaviour of managers (r = 0.913, p < 0.001). The research results can provide guidelines for the development of professional capacity of the public sector and the creation of effective leadership at all levels in order to properly implement reforms.

CHANGES IN IMPLICIT LEADERSHIP THEORY CONSTELLATIONS THROUGHOUT A DEVELOPMENTAL EXPERIENCE

Challenging, novel, and educational experiences are critical contributors to effective leader and follower development, in part, because such developmental experiences enable people to reconceptualize their perceptions about the traits and characteristics of effective leaders, or their implicit leadership theory (ILT). To understand how ILTs develop throughout developmental experiences, we examine the ILTs of 276 undergraduate students at the beginning and end of their first year of college. Using an open-ended ILT response format, a unique ILT trait of integrity emerged along with the dominant ILT traits of sensitivity, charisma, and dedication identified in previous literature. Overcoming limitations of the factor-based ILT approach, we investigate the development of ILT constellations, allowing a holistic picture of ILTs and how they throughout a developmental experience. Based on cluster analyses, four constellations of ILT themes emerged. Participants shifted to different ILT constellations after a year in college, moving from a non-descript, varied constellation toward constellations with clearly defined, dominant themes. Exploratory analysis revealed that completion of leadership coursework partially explains the shift towards more descript ILT constellations. Results have implications for new methods of future research using the ILTs constellation perspective and the practice of undergraduate leadership education in facilitating leader development among college students.

Leadership perspectives: senior educational leaders from Malta tell their stories

ABSTRACT Leadership is a topic of vast exploration, with different scholars coming up with various definitions, descriptions and characteristics of effective leadership. The main aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the experiences and perceptions of senior educational leaders working in the Department of Education in Malta. The study was investigated from a constructivist and interpretivist paradigm. The data gathered through in-depth interviews was analysed manually using a hybrid approach method. Amongst various concepts, two salient themes on leadership emerged, namely how these leaders view leadership, and the importance of healthy relationships in leadership. The findings demonstrated that the participants in the exploration have a clear notion of leadership, and they appreciate that for effective leadership, healthy relationship with the stakeholders should be an important aspect. Two important recommendations that were established from this study are organised professional development programmes in leadership, and training programmes focusing on how to build healthy collegial relationships.

القیادة السامة وتأثیرها على الالتزام التنظیمی دراسة تطبیقیة على وحدات الحکم المحلی بمحافظة المنوفیة

يستهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على توافر القيادة السامة بأبعادها (الإشراف المسيء، القيادة الاستبدادية، النرجسية، تعزيز الذات، التقلب) وکذلک مستوى الالتزام التنظيمي بأبعاده (الالتزام العاطفي، الالتزام الاستمراري، الالتزام المعياري) لدى العاملين بوحدات الحکم المحلي بمحافظة المنوفية، وتحديد طبيعة العلاقة بين متغيري البحث. تمثل مجتمع البحث في العاملين بالمستويات الإدارية المختلفة بوحدات الحکم المحلي بمحافظة المنوفية. وقد تم سحب عينة ممثلة للمجتمع لجمع البيانات اللازمة للبحث، وذلک عن طريق توزيع قائمة استقصاء على مفردات العينة والتي بلغ عددها (410) مفردة، وقد تم استخدام الأساليب الإحصائية المناسبة لتحليل واختبار فرضيات البحث. ولقد توصل البحث إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها أن هناک علاقة عکسية معنوية قوية بين متغير القيادة السامة ومتغير الالتزام التنظيمي. ولقد أشار البحث إلى عدد من التوصيات من أهمها: اختيار القيادات الإدارية الذين تتوافر لديهم سمات القيادة الفاعلة، التي تعمل على خلق المناخ الأخلاقي الإيجابي لتعزيز الثقة المتبادلة، والرغبة في مساعدة الآخرين، وتقديم المصلحة العامة على المصلحة الشخصية، والحرص على رفاهية للمرؤوسين والزملاء والمنظمة. Abstract: This research aims to identify the presence of toxic leadership in its dimensions (abusive supervision, authoritarian leadership, narcissism, self-promotion, unpredictability) as well as the level of organizational commitment in its dimensions (Affective commitment, continuance commitment, normative commitment) among workers in local government units in Menoufia governorate and determining the nature of the relationship between the two variables of the research. The research population is represented by workers from different administrative levels of the local government unit in Menoufia governorate. A representative sample was drawn to collect the data necessary for the research through distribution of a survey on the sample members (410 units). Eventually, appropriate statistical methods were employed to analyze and test hypotheses. Analysis produced numerous results, perhaps the most prominent is that there is a negative significant relationship between the toxic leadership variable and the organizational commitment variable. Results of this research can give some insightful recommendations. For instance, managerial leaders’ selection should be based on characteristics of effective leadership, which work to create a positive moral climate to enhance mutual trust, the desire to help others, and to advance the public interest to the personal interest, and to ensure the well-being of subordinates, colleagues, and the organization.

Women’s leadership in business and higher education: a focus on organisational experiences in South Africa and Kenya

abstractThe article problematises the conceptualising of women’s organisational leadership in African contexts, firstly in the absence of sufficient data, secondly due to constraints experienced within organisational environments. Focusing on decision making as a key indicator of women leaders’ meaningful participation, the article highlights organisational facilitators and obstacles that respectively enable or constrict women’s contributions at senior levels, to leadership praxis and knowledge. Data shared is from strategic interviews and focus group discussions with women in senior and leadership positions in business organisations and higher education institutions in South Africa and Kenya. Noting persistent restraints within organisational environments, research findings further present strategies – clustered as: behaviour, communication, information, planning, situational leadership – that women in leadership positions utilise for negotiating organisational contexts, to overcome barriers and optimise their positioning and impacts. In reflecting on what women’s leadership means in theory and practice, and on effective leadership characteristics for women in African contexts, findings discussed contribute to discourse on women’s contributions to leadership. The article underscores that research conceptualising women’s leadership in organisations is de facto limited by the extent to which women are constrained or supported in senior and leadership positions.Recommendations suggest mechanisms and approaches to ameliorate/strengthen organisational obstacles/facilitators, to create conducive contexts for women's leadership, allowing emergence of diverse knowledge and organisational leadership praxis. Helpful institutional and policy support structures and initiatives are presented, including data accumulation, mentoring and capacity building, networks and communities of practice, gender and diversity policies and effective implementation frameworks.

Leadership Training for U.S. Radiation Oncology Residents: Results of a Pilot Program

The importance of cultivating and training physician leaders has garnered increased attention in recent years. We reviewed the existing literature on leadership training in radiation oncology (RO) residencies and subsequently implemented a leadership-training program at our institution. Following a literature search for existing leadership curricula in U.S. RO programs, a pilot leadership-training program was initiated at a single RO residency. An anonymous needs assessment characterized exposure to leadership development training prior to residency as well as perceived value of physician leadership training during residency. Results helped shape the inaugural leadership development program. This was comprised of pre-reading material, a chairman’s lecture on his leadership journey, multiple interactive activities, a team building exercise, and a de-briefing session aimed at helping participants understand their personality types, strengths, and weaknesses. An anonymous post-program survey was disseminated to assess participant satisfaction and next steps. A literature search demonstrated no data on formal RO resident leadership programming and associated results in indexed publications. Regarding the pre-session needs assessment, complete surveys were returned by 11/11 residents (100% response rate); 82% of residents reported no prior formal leadership training, and 82% felt leadership training is very important to their future career as a physician. Regarding course format, 100% of residents stated they would prefer small groups/discussion based seminars; only 18% felt lecture-based approaches would be valuable. The topics of greatest interest were characteristics of effective leaders and teams (100%), effective communication (91%), and conflict resolution (73%). The post-session survey revealed that 100% of residents felt the program either met (36%) or exceeded (64%) expectations, with no resident stating it failed to meet expectations. One hundred percent stated they would recommend leadership development training to fellow residents. All stated the pre-reading material was worthwhile. Regarding future programming opportunities, 100% stated a preference for discussion-based seminars with the majority requesting a focus on conflict resolution (73%) and effective communication (64%). To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the development and execution of a leadership-training program targeted specifically for RO residents in the United States. Very few respondents had any leadership training preceding residency yet felt that formal leadership development training is very important to their future career. The post-session survey demonstrated high satisfaction with the program. Despite the current lack of this type of programming in residency curricula, these results demonstrate the high value of leadership development for RO trainees.

LEADERSHIP STYLE AND PERFORMANCE BASED ON INFORMAL WORKERS PERCEPTION

Developing country workers in some sectors were still dominated by informal workers. They usually belong together in one group with one leader. Leaders controlled all group activities. The dependence and responsibilities of workers towards the leader was greater than the company. Companies would find it difficult to improve performance without relying on their leaders. This study purpose was to explore effective leadership and performance improvement in according to perception of informal workers. Characteristics of effective leadership could be used as a reference to determine the workers planning for national and global construction companies in Indonesia. Foreign companies that would enter to Indonesia could also study the employment situation in Indonesia to become more effective in completion their work. The phenomenological approach with qualitative method was used to reveal an assessment based on perceptions and perspectives of informal workers. The findings showed that characteristics of effective leaders in according to informal workers were: preferred by workers, care, understand the subordinates and keep promises. For such leaders they were willing to work hard so their leaders' achievements would be good.

Supervisors and teachers\u2019 influence on expectations on empowering leadership among students in vocational education and training

BackgroundEmpowering leadership practise among leaders in the construction industry contributes to improve occupational safety, by stimulating participative safety behaviour among construction workers. Socialization into working life in the construction industry begins during vocational education and training (VET). It is therefore important to understand how VET influence young people’s expectations on empowering leadership, i.e. their implicit leadership theories (ILT). The aim of the present study was to assess if empowering ILT of students change during VET, and if students’ empowering ILT are influenced by the empowering leadership practice of teachers and workplace supervisors that the students interact with during VET.MethodsQuestionnaire data were gathered from students (n = 1907) at seven construction VET-schools in Sweden and Denmark at two occasions, 1 year apart. Accelerated longitudinal design was employed and data were analysed using mixed method growth curve modelling.ResultsThe empowering ILT of the VET-students was found to increase during VET. The leadership of supervisors’, but not of teachers’, was found to be positively related to the empowering ILT of the VET-students.ConclusionsVET-students, in the beginning of their professional life, appear to alter their beliefs and assumptions about the characteristics of effective leaders. The ILT of VET-students may thus be regarded as dynamic and responsive, inclined to change as the students socialize into working life.

Effective Leadership Characteristics and Behaviours for Female Department Chairs in Higher Education in Saudi Arabia

The academic department is a fundamental unit for transforming the university's visions and goals into reality. In contrast, higher education undervalues administrative positions in general and department chairs in particular, believing that an administrative role is a temporary task. Little investigation has been conducted into effective leadership approaches in departmental leadership in higher education in general and in higher education in Saudi Arabia in particular. Therefore, the overarching purpose of this study was to identify effective leadership practices, characteristics and behaviors that contribute to the effectiveness of female academic department chairs and the challenges that they face. A qualitative approach informed with grounded theory techniques was used in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with former department chairs, current department chairs and faculty members. Vignettes were the basis of the faculty members' interviews to avoid any ethical concerns and to allay any fears of repercussion from their department chairs. The findings of the study indicate that effective chairs are distinguished by a combination of skills, knowledge, behaviors and attitudes. Although leadership in Saudi Arabia is based on a centralized system, the findings demonstrate the tendency toward more collaborative leadership that promotes collegiality and collective interest. Specific recommendations were made to better prepare department chairs for this crucial position in institutions of higher education. The study came at a time when the country is taking significant reforms in women’s issues. Article visualizations:

Educational Challenge: The Meaning of Leadership in Hong Kong Schools

Different scholars have defined and redefined leadership at different levels and in different contexts (e.g., Ball, 1981; Hargreaves, 1967; Richardson, 1973), although the results of research on the characteristics of effective leaders may not apply in all contexts. This study compares and contrasts the meanings of leadership in the Hong Kong secondary school context, and examines whether educators at different levels hold conflicting opinions of the qualities of leadership. The study adopts both quantitative and qualitative approaches to examine whether principals and teachers interpret leadership differently. The results show that these two groups of educators do indeed hold different views about what it means to be a leader. The reasons for these different points of view are explored.

Exploring Leadership Competencies in Established and Aspiring Physician Leaders: An Interview-based Study

Academic health care institutions have become interested in understanding and supporting current leaders and preparing leaders for the future. We designed this exploratory study to better understand specific perceived leadership needs of physicians from the perspective of "aspiring" and "established" leaders within our institution. A qualitative, inductive, structured interview-based design was used to examine the study questions. A purposeful sample of current and aspiring leaders was obtained, sampling across specialties and levels of leadership. All participants were interviewed by the same investigator (CT). Five open-ended questions were developed as prompts. Two of the investigators independently analyzed the transcripts, using an open coding method to identify themes within the narratives. Inter-observer comparisons were made and discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Four themes emerged from analyzing the responses to our questions. Aspiring and established leaders agreed that "knowledge", "people skills" or emotional intelligence, and "vision" were all characteristics of effective leaders and critical to the success of aspiring leaders. Established leaders in our sample added a characteristic of "organizational orientation" that extended the description of "leaders" to include an understanding of the institution as well as dedication to its success (a trait we have called "organizational altruism"). Our findings validate others' regarding leadership competencies while extending these findings to the specific context of health care and physicians. Important implications for curricular design include: inclusion of emotional intelligence competencies and reducing formal didactics in favor of programs that are both interactive and problem-based.

Service-Learning and Natural Resource Leadership

This paper reports on a study conducted in a service-learning protected-areas management class at Colorado State University, Warner College of Natural Resources. The research questions addressed for this paper were “What are the leadership skills needed in today's culture of protected-area management?” and “Can service-learning nurture such leadership characteristics for protected area management undergraduate students?” The researchers investigated and identified the characteristics of effective leadership in the context of natural resource management through a literature review and a brief student survey and, secondly, determined how a service-learning component of a protected-area management course could prepare university students for their future leadership responsibilities. The study identifies indicators of good leadership and suggests that service and reflection serve as a way to learn essential qualities of leadership.

Effective leadership and successful career advancement: perspectives from women in health care

PurposeThis exploratory study describes the images of effective leadership and successful organizational advancement held by women in numerous positions in the health care fields.Design/methodology/approachSurveys of 140 women in the health care field were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed.FindingsDifferences were found between the characteristics of effective leadership and the characteristics contributing to successful advancement. Women in health care predominantly portray effective leadership in other‐oriented (team or organizationally focused) and stereotypically feminine or gender‐neutral terms. In contrast, successful advancement in organizations was predominantly and almost exclusively described in self‐focused and stereotypically masculine terms. Similarities and differences in the perspectives on leadership effectiveness, career advancement, satisfaction, and development strategies were examined among physicians, nurses, administrators, faculty, and others (scientists and researchers).Research limitations/implicationsImplications of the disparate perspectives held by women in health care are discussed and future directions for research are proposed.Originality/valueSince women overwhelmingly dominate employment in the health care field, to explicate their unique perspectives of leadership and career advancement.

Sustaining Leaders of Cancer Support Groups

Cancer support groups are an important source of support for cancer patients, yet little is known about the characteristics of, and barriers to, effective leadership, and the training needs of both professionally trained and untrained leaders. This study explored the views of 179 leaders of 184 cancer support groups in NSW, Australia, regarding these issues. Four hundred and sixteen members of 50 groups selected from the larger cohort completed questionnaires eliciting the importance of group processes, including leader qualities, and satisfaction with group leadership. Finally, members of nine groups participated in focus groups regarding effective group processes. The importance of the leader(s) was emphasized in all stages of the research. Fifty-nine percent of group leaders were currently experiencing a difficulty, primarily related to infrastructure or group process. Three characteristics of effective leaders were identified: educational qualities, facilitation skills, and personal qualities. There is clearly a need to develop and evaluate effective interventions to maintain leaders in these roles, if the proven benefits for cancer patients are to be protected.

Leadership decisions: issues to consider in the global environment

PurposeThis article is intended to explain a conceptual model that can help to make higher quality decisions in management and in other situations where domestic or international stakeholders should be considered. It is solidly based on the management, leadership and motivation literature and adapts to any situation and culture.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the objective of the article, background for the need of such a model is provided and then, after the model is briefly presented, its use and benefits are demonstrated with an analysis of a hypothetical scenario.FindingsThe clearest theme that emerged in almost all of the topic areas (of the debate on leadership issues) was some disenchantment with leadership theory and education. The almost universal view seems to be that, while there are many useful aspects to leadership research in identifying characteristics of effective leadership, it has produced little that is of actionable use in helping practicing managers become more effective leaders, or educators provide students with specific guidance.Originality/valueThe model helps to ensure that all relevant issues are given thought prior to, and during implementation of a decision. Managers, those with subordinates and those in one‐person functions, as well as individuals who may be in leadership roles on teams or projects, can all gain from developing the habit to ask the questions in the model. The same is true of family members when they have to make important decisions.

Apprentice leader

The characteristics of effective leaders are slowly emerging, says Colleen Wedderburn Tate