Characteristics Of Different Techniques Research Articles

An approach to Augmented Reality Classification and an example of its usage for application development with VAK learning styles Markers

Augmented reality (AR) encompasses both technology and the experience it provides, making it applicable in real-world contexts. The field of education is particularly suited for utilizing AR techniques as a novel means of engaging with students. Various classifications of AR techniques exist, each offering remarkable potential for educational purposes. This paper presents an approach to classifying augmented reality based on the characteristics of different techniques. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of a specific type of AR technology in the development of an educational application. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of designing augmented learning scenarios that align with the VAK learning styles, aiming to deliver personalized and immersive learning experiences. The integration of AR and VAK learning styles shows the potential for creating educational tools that are both engaging and effective.%\footnote{\ \ This work was supported by Intelligent Information systems for solving ill structured problems, knowledge and Big Data processing project Ref. Nr. 20.80009.5007.22}

The modified Lapidus fusion: a systematic review of biomechanical studies.

The biomechanical characteristics of different techniques to perform the modified Lapidus procedure are controversial, discussing the issue of stability, rigidity, and compression forces from a biomechanical point of view. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the available options to identify whether there is a procedure providing superior biomechanical results. A comprehensive literature search was performed by screening PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases until September 2021. There was a wide heterogeneity of the available data in the different studies. Load to failure, stiffness, and compression forces were summarized and evaluated. Seventeen biomechanical studies were retrieved - ten cadaveric and seven polyurethane foam (artificial bone) studies. Fixation methods ranged from the classic crossed screw approach (n = 5) to plates (dorsomedial and plantar) with or without compression screws (n = 11). Newer implants such as intramedullary stabilization screws (n = 1) and memory alloy staples (n = 2) were investigated. The two crossed screws construct is still a biomechanical option; however, according to this systematic review, there is strong evidence that a plate-screw construct provides superior stability especially in combination with a compression screw. There is also evidence about plate position and low evidence about compression screw position. Plantar plates seem to be advantageous from a biomechanical point of view, whereas compression screws could be better when positioned outside the plate. Overall, this review suggests the biomechanical advantages of using a combination of locking plates with a compression screw.

Comprehensive Studies of Magnetic Transitions and Spin-Phonon Couplings in the Tetrahedral Cobalt Complex Co(AsPh3)2I2.

A combination of inelastic neutron scattering (INS), far-IR magneto-spectroscopy (FIRMS), and Raman magneto-spectroscopy (RaMS) has been used to comprehensively probe magnetic excitations in Co(AsPh3)2I2 (1), a reported single-molecule magnet (SMM). With applied field, the magnetic zero-field splitting (ZFS) peak (2D') shifts to higher energies in each spectroscopy. INS placed the ZFS peak at 54 cm-1, as revealed by both variable-temperature (VT) and variable-magnetic-field data, giving results that agree well with those from both far-IR and Raman studies. Both FIRMS and RaMS also reveal the presence of multiple spin-phonon couplings as avoided crossings with neighboring phonons. Here, phonons refer to both intramolecular and lattice vibrations. The results constitute a rare case in which the spin-phonon couplings are observed with both Raman-active (g modes) and far-IR-active phonons (u modes; space group P21/c, no. 14, Z = 4 for 1). These couplings are fit using a simple avoided crossing model with coupling constants of ca. 1-2 cm-1. The combined spectroscopies accurately determine the magnetic excited level and the interaction of the magnetic excitation with phonon modes. Density functional theory (DFT) phonon calculations compare well with INS, allowing for the assignment of the modes and their symmetries. Electronic calculations elucidate the nature of ZFS in the complex. Features of different techniques to determine ZFS and other spin-Hamiltonian parameters in transition-metal complexes are summarized.

Comparison and modification of measurement and simulation techniques for estimating Tmrt in summer and winter in a severely cold region

Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt) is a crucial indicator to assess urban radiant and thermal environments. In this study, Tmrt derived from the globe thermometer method and three simulation models (SOLWEIG, RayMan, and ENVI-met) were analyzed and modified based on the standard six-directional method (Tmrt(six)). Performances of the techniques were compared for two contrasting seasons, summer and winter, and at sites with different degrees of openness. The accuracies of each method were assessed via patterns in time series, coefficient of determination, root mean square error, and Willmott index of agreement. Results showed that globe thermometer method was more suitable for estimating Tmrt in summer than winter, and it showed better performance in more open spaces. The simulation inaccuracies were mainly reflected in winter. Comparatively, SOLWEIG exhibited the best performance in correlation and discrepancy; RayMan presented an advantage in describing the trend consistency of Tmrt than ENVI-met; ENVI-met simulated Tmrt closer to Tmrt(six) than RayMan. Principle-based causes of the techniques’ inaccuracies were analyzed. Correlation and cluster analyses were applied for the globe thermometer method, and global radiation showed the strongest correlation and nearest distance with globe temperature, followed by air temperature. Sensitivity and components analyses were utilized for the simulation models involving isotropic and anisotropic issues considering direct and diffuse radiation, solar position, and surrounding environment. Based on the characteristics of different techniques, multiple nonlinear (introducing equivalent globe temperature) and unary linear regressions were utilized to modify globe thermometer and simulation results, respectively. Both modifications significantly improved Tmrt determination accuracies.

Review of interface tailoring techniques and applications to improve insulation performance

Interfaces between different materials, for instance, electrode–dielectrics and vacuum/air/SF6-insulators and oilpaper, are universal in high-voltage insulation systems. Targeted tailoring of the interfacial properties, e.g. chemical structures, micro-/nanoscale morphology, the charge injection barrier, trap states, and surface conductivity, is thought to be an effective approach to improve insulation properties such as breakdown and flashover strength, corona/tracking resistance, and wettability. In this article, the authors review recent progress in interface tailoring methods and their application to improve various insulation properties. The potential application scenarios of interface tailoring in different facilities are first summarised, and the desired insulation properties of various applications are highlighted. Interface tailoring methods are classified as physical/chemical surface modification and surface coating (inorganic, organic and composite), and the features of different techniques are described in detail. The structure–property relationships between interfacial states and various microscopic parameters such as charge injection barrier, trap distribution and surface conductivity are discussed together with the tailoring mechanisms for different insulation properties. Finally, the future development prospects of interface tailoring methods and their applications, e.g. multifunctional coating and stimuli–response smart coating, are presented.

An Excel‐based program to teach students quick ergonomic risk assessment techniques with an application to an assembly system

ABSTRACTGovernments force companies to stabilize ergonomic risk levels of the manufacturing environment and keep it below an acceptable risk level in order to prevent aftermaths. As a result, companies need more manufacturing engineers who are aware of ergonomics risk analysis. Thus, undergraduate students in the 3rd year in Industrial Engineering at Dokuz Eylül University are invited to take part in a real‐life experience. This paper introduces an Excel‐based program which is called Quick Ergonomic Assessment Techniques (QEAT); in order to support teaching students ergonomic risk assessment techniques; facilitate understanding characteristics of different techniques, and enable to compare the results of them. Three of the well‐known ergonomic risk assessment techniques are coded in QEAT and applied on an electronics company which manufactures TV. The proposed QEAT procedure is easy to apply in various manufacturing environments and is suitable to be implemented in undergraduate engineering laboratories in order to support and encourage ergonomics study. The results show that by using the combination of three techniques in QEAT, an ergonomic risk assessment which covers most of the body areas could be presented and manufacturing environment could be reanalyzed easily if it is needed due to the changes in production processes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:489–507, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21816

Linear optimization fusion model based on fuzzy C-means: Case study of energy efficiency evaluation in ethylene product plants

Ethylene production shares the common characteristics of different techniques and scales, high dimension and multi-correlation. However, the existing methods do not take the influence of the technology, scale and materials into account. In order to analyze the energy efficiency of ethylene plants better, this paper proposes a linear optimization fusion model based on fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering. The FCM clustering is used to obtain the corresponding classification and clustering centers of the large scale time series data of the ethylene production process. Then the mean squares of time-series variables are calculated by various clustering centers. The multidimensional energy efficiency benchmarking of ethylene plants can be extracted by the fusion weighting vectors in linear optimization fusion model. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method intuitively reveals the running state and the operating level of ethylene plants and accurately identify the reason of energy consumption for improving energy efficiency.

Crowdsourced top-k algorithms

Crowdsourced top-k computation has attracted significant attention recently, thanks to emerging crowdsourcing platforms, e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk and CrowdFlower. Crowdsourced top-k algorithms ask the crowd to compare the objects and infer the top-k objects based on the crowdsourced comparison results. The crowd may return incorrect answers, but traditional top-k algorithms cannot tolerate the errors from the crowd. To address this problem, the database and machine-learning communities have independently studied the crowdsourced top-k problem. The database community proposes the heuristic-based solutions while the machine-learning community proposes the learningbased methods (e.g., maximum likelihood estimation). However, these two types of techniques have not been compared systematically under the same experimental framework. Thus it is rather difficult for a practitioner to decide which algorithm should be adopted. Furthermore, the experimental evaluation of existing studies has several weaknesses. Some methods assume the crowd returns high-quality results and some algorithms are only tested on simulated experiments. To alleviate these limitations, in this paper we present a comprehensive comparison of crowdsourced top-k algorithms. Using various synthetic and real datasets, we evaluate each algorithm in terms of result quality and efficiency on real crowdsourcing platforms. We reveal the characteristics of different techniques and provide guidelines on selecting appropriate algorithms for various scenarios.

Validation of multiple‐breath washout equipment for infants and young children

The new ATS/ERS consensus report recommends in vitro validation of multiple-breath inert gas washout (MBW) equipment based on a lung model with simulated physiologic conditions. We aimed to assess accuracy of two MBW setups for infants and young children using this model, and to compare functional residual capacity (FRC) from helium MBW (FRC(MBW)) with FRC from plethysmography (FRC(pleth)) in vivo. The MBW setups were based on ultrasonic flow meter technology. Sulfur hexafluoride and helium were used as tracer gases. We measured FRC in vitro for specific model settings with and without carbon dioxide and calculated differences of measured to generated FRC. For in vivo evaluation, difference between FRC(MBW) and FRC(pleth) was calculated in 20 healthy children, median age 6.1 years. Coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated per FRC. In the infant model (51 runs, FRC 80-300 ml), mean (SD) relative difference between generated and measured FRCs was 0.7 (4.7) %, median CV was 4.4% for measured FRCs. In the young child model, one setting (8 runs, FRC 400 ml) showed a relative difference of up to 13%. For the remaining FRCs (42 runs, FRC 600-1,400 ml), mean (SD) relative difference was -2.0 (3.4) %; median CV was 1.4% for measured FRCs. In vivo FRC(pleth) exceeded FRC(MBW) values by 37% on average. Both setups measure lung volumes in the intended age group reliably and reproducibly. Characteristics of different techniques should be considered when measuring lung volumes in vivo.

Shortest path and distance queries on road networks

Computing the shortest path between two given locations in a road network is an important problem that finds applications in various map services and commercial navigation products. The state-of-the-art solutions for the problem can be divided into two categories: spatial-coherence-based methods and vertex-importance-based approaches. The two categories of techniques, however, have not been compared systematically under the same experimental framework, as they were developed from two independent lines of research that do not refer to each other. This renders it difficult for a practitioner to decide which technique should be adopted for a specific application. Furthermore, the experimental evaluation of the existing techniques, as presented in previous work, falls short in several aspects. Some methods were tested only on small road networks with up to one hundred thousand vertices; some approaches were evaluated using distance queries (instead of shortest path queries), namely, queries that ask only for the length of the shortest path; a state-of-the-art technique was examined based on a faulty implementation that led to incorrect query results. To address the above issues, this paper presents a comprehensive comparison of the most advanced spatial-coherence-based and vertex-importance-based approaches. Using a variety of real road networks with up to twenty million vertices, we evaluated each technique in terms of its preprocessing time, space consumption, and query efficiency (for both shortest path and distance queries). Our experimental results reveal the characteristics of different techniques, based on which we provide guidelines on selecting appropriate methods for various scenarios.

Modeling and Prediction of the Dynamic Behaviour of Microbeams Under Electrostatic Load

This paper investigates the features of different techniques to model the dynamic behaviour of microbeams electrostatically actuated, mainly to identify the frequency shifting due to the electromechanical coupling. The aim is to define an engineering approach to be followed for a preliminary characterization of the microsystem. In a first part of the paper the main aspect addressed is the application of a systematic approach to write the equations of motion, applicable not only to this particular device, but in general to MEMs. The Lagrangian generalized method is outlined and applied to the current case of electromechanical coupling. A second issue concerns the application either of lumped or distributed parameters models, eventually discretized by FEM or equivalent techniques. A first model with a single degree of freedom of a double clamped microbeam is investigated: the analytic solution of the linearized equation of motion is compared to the numerical one of the nonlinear problem, solved by the Newmark's method. FEM models are then introduced and compared to the Newmark numerical integration applied to the single d.o.f. Although an accurate prediction of the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of the system can be drawn by the FEM-Newmark approach, a new procedure for a fast and preliminary estimation of the frequency response has been developed: the relationship between frequency and voltage is approximated by means of a parabolic curve based on two interpolation points, corresponding to the steady-state frequency (pure mechanical actuation) and to an arbitrary value of voltage, for which the Newmark's method is applied only once.