Characteristics Of Cultural Landscape Research Articles

Analysis of Performance and Genetic Characteristics of Cultural Landscapes in Traditional Villages along the Jinzhong Section of the Wanli Tea Road from a Landscape Gene Information Chain Perspective: A Case Study of Xiamen Village

The traditional villages along the Wanli Tea Road carry rich historical and cultural heritage, holding significant humanistic and scientific value. However, with the rapid pace of urbanization and modernization, the inheritance and protection of the cultural landscapes in these traditional villages face numerous challenges. Based on this, this study focuses on Xiamen Village, a traditional village along the Jinzhong section of the Wanli Tea Road, utilizing the perspective of the landscape gene information chain to reveal the performance and genetic characteristics of its unique and regionally distinctive cultural landscape genes. The study provides theoretical support for the protection and inheritance of cultural landscapes in traditional villages along the Wanli Tea Road. The results show that: (1) The overall cultural landscape of Xiamen Village has been well preserved, with notable characteristics in environment, layout, architecture, and culture, demonstrating its rich historical and cultural accumulation, and offering high research and conservation value; (2) The landscape gene information chain of Xiamen Village plays a critical role in integrating the village’s cultural landscape. The landscape gene information elements and points express the village’s unique historical inheritance through regional culture and material forms. The “branch-like” structure of the landscape gene information corridors effectively connects the various landscape gene information points, while the landscape gene information network reflects the interaction between tradition and modernity; (3) The landscape gene information chain of Xiamen Village shows a relationship of coexistence between inheritance and change in its genetic characteristics. Although some landscape genes face challenges from modernization, their core traits have not been lost. The inheritance of the landscape genes is not static but adjusts and reconstructs within an evolving social and cultural context, reflecting adaptability and flexibility in response to modern demands.

Comparing the Cultural Landscapes of Japan and China: An Example of Preserved Food Production in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, and Sichuan Province, China

This study examines the development of cultural landscape research in Japan and China, focusing on the underrepresentation of studies addressing cultural landscapes associated with food production, which is particularly evident in China. Employing a case study methodology, this research investigates the production of pickles in Sichuan Province, China, and Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. This study elucidates the components and characteristics of cultural landscapes related to pickle production in these regions. It was found that residential and transportation conditions significantly influence the composition and landscape patterns of these cultural landscapes. The integration of food production practices with local dietary systems and community awareness is emphasized in this research. The findings offer insights and serve as a reference for understanding and preserving food production cultural landscapes in other countries and regions.

Construction and characteristic analysis of landscape gene maps of traditional villages along ancient Qin-Shu roads, Western China

The landscape of traditional villages reflects specific geographical and cultural environments, with distinct regional cultural and living space characteristics. An exploration of the deep genetic core of traditional villages from the perspective of “cultural landscape genes” can help reveal the mechanism of historical evolution of regional settlements and provide a reference for maintaining the regional characteristics of traditional villages today. This study focuses on 23 nationally recognized traditional villages along the northern roads of the ancient Qin-Shu roads. The “landscape-gene” theory, centred on both artificial construction and cultural inheritance in traditional villages, was used to develop a method for identifying and extracting the northern roads of the ancient Qin-Shu roads landscape genes in “architecture culture”. Then, a genome of the cultural landscape of traditional villages was constructed. Six different dimensions with identified genes, including environmental layout, landscape, architectural landscape, material culture, behavioural culture and mentality culture, were analysed. The results showed the following: (1) the traditional villages on the northern roads of the ancient Qin–Shu roads have 8 genes in the constructed landscape, including ‘location layout mainly along mountains and ancient roads, supplemented by water and pictographic patterns’, ‘orderly, flexible and changeable spatial form’, ‘natural landscape surrounded by mountains and rivers, culture and scenery blend’, ‘water in the south and drought in the north’, ‘agricultural main forest auxiliary production landscape’, ‘single north section, complex south section courtyard layout’, ‘load-bearing diversity, good utilization of the gable building structure’, ‘combination of earth, stone and bamboo, recycled and reused building materials’ and ‘atmospheric regularity, exquisite and gorgeous building decoration’. (2) There were six cultural landscape genes, such as ‘strong personalities and regional customs’, ‘preference for flavourful and spicy foods, wine and meat’, which characterized material culture. ‘Romantic history and thrifty values’, and a ‘combination of elegance and vulgarity’ characterized behavioural culture. The mentality of the region was characterized by ‘Xiangtu and Shengxing’, ‘open and inclusive values’, and ‘varied’ beliefs. (3) Philosophical and cosmological underpinnings such as the ‘unity of heaven and humanity’ and the ‘yin-yang and five-element’ theory guide human settlements in traditional villages along the northern roads. This study aims to clarify the characteristics of cultural landscapes in traditional villages through the analysis of cultural landscape genes and a resulting mapped genome, which will provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of cultural landscapes in traditional villages. Cultural genes can protect the inheritance of regional culture and provide a new perspective for the study of traditional villages along linear cultural heritage zones.

The interactive process of cultural landscape: Taking the trails around Zhengqi Pavilion as an example

Cultural landscape is a social natural process under which people actively participate in thinking, feeling, and acting. On this basis, their connection with a certain part of the environment in turn affects people's perception of the world and the products of their actions. Trails is a representative and complex practice of integrating nature into society and transforming it into a mixed entity. However, the dynamic and diverse relationships of cultural landscapes represented by this interactive process have not been well interpreted in landscape research. The research first discusses the conceptualization and value theory of cultural landscape, and develops the methodology of cultural landscape interaction process research combining typology and Network theory. Taking the trails spontaneously formed around the Zhengqi Pavilion of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing as an example, this paper discusses the interaction process of trails as a cultural landscape. Based on the analysis results, we obtained the dynamic characteristics of cultural landscapes by treating trails as a network, while obtaining the value expression created by typology.

The Spatial Perception and Spatial Feature of Rural Cultural Landscape in the Context of Rural Tourism

The development of rural tourism in the greater Xi’an area is in full swing, which is an important indicator for the implementation of rural revitalization. However, there are certain realistic challenges such as the lack of rural culture, the destruction of cultural context, and the loss of “rurality” of tourist areas. It is of vital significance to explore, integrate and revive the rural culture by advancing the rural cultural landscape based on the concept of cultural landscape in human geography. The specific categories of the rural cultural landscape were divided into three perspectives of agricultural production, famers’ lifestyle, and countryside ecology. Spatial reflections of various rural cultural landscapes were carried out based on pluralistic new data. The spatial characteristics of cultural landscapes were studied by using kernel density analysis and creating Thiessen polygons analysis and interpolation in ArcGIS spatial analysis, in order to show the spatial patterns of the special rural cultural areas and the cultural landscapes in greater Xi’an. Above all, our study inventoried and mapped the rural cultural landscapes in the context of rural tourism, identified spatial features of rural cultural landscape and rural tourism, and we proposed solutions that promote the cultural quality of rural tourism which are of vital significance in reviving rural culture.

Characteristic Assessment and Cultural Landscape Conservation of Urug Indigenous Village

Urug Indigenous Village is a traditional Sundanese village that still adheres to its local customs and wisdom. However, along with the development that happen in Urug Indigenous Village, the character of cultural landscape is feared to change and will result in loss of identity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cultural landscape characteristics, to analyze significance value of cultural landscape, to analyze stakeholder perceptions about knowledge of cultural landscape characteristic, conservation priorities, and element of mental map, and also to formulate recommendations for conservation plans of Urug Indigenous Village. The method used in this research is description, spatial, and scoring method. The result shows that Urug Indigenous Village has unique characteristics in land use and activities, patterns of spatial organization, response to the natural environment, cultural traditions, circulation networks, boundary democrations, vegetation, building and structures, clusters, archeological sites, and small-scale elements. Urug Indigenous Village divided into three, that is Urug Lebak, Tengah, and Tonggoh. This distribution is based on differences in height of location and the implementation of traditional ceremonies. Urug Lebak belongs to high significance value of cultural landscape, while Urug Tengah and Urug Tonggoh belong to medium significance value of cultural landscape. According to the perception of stakeholders, the landscape character that characterize Urug as an Indigenous Village is cultural tradition’s. The characteristics of cultural landscape that need higher conservation prioritized are land use and activities. The most imaginary aspects are Gedong Ageung, tradisional houses, the main road, and Cidurian River. The conservation concept is to protect Urug Indigenous Village by maintaining and improving the characteristics. The conservation zone divided into two, that is core zone (Urug Lebak) and buffer zone (Urug Tengah and Tonggoh) with different conservation strategies.

Experience in Ecological Reconstruction of Cultural Landscapes (Review)

Purpose. Review of world and domestic experience of ecological reconstruction of cultural landscapes. Methods. System analysis, a method of objective assessment using photofixation. Results. The examples of successful ecological reconstruction of cultural landscapes, realized thanks to the preservation of the historical context, the concept of respect for the “genius loci” as a metaphorical subject, which retains the unique characteristics of cultural landscapes and at the same time inspires the creation of landscapes of high aesthetic expressiveness and modern functionality, are considered. Conclusions. The above examples demonstrate the unlimited potential of landscape design in overcoming human alienation from nature, in filling the urban environment with a full life, in the successful branding of cities, and, as a result, in attracting tourists and investments. Such successful modern projects of revitalization and ecological reconstruction are possible when respect for the historical heritage, the historical cultural landscape is realized, when the “genius loci” is reborn and manifests itself as a metaphorical subject, on the one hand, preserving the unique characteristics of the transformed cultural landscapes, and on the other, the inspirer of giving landscapes a high aesthetic expressiveness, concentration of beauty, modern functionality.

Characterizing European cultural landscapes: Accounting for structure, management intensity and value of agricultural and forest landscapes

Almost all rural areas in Europe have been shaped or altered by humans and can be considered cultural landscapes, many of which now are considered to entail valuable cultural heritage. Current dynamics in land management have put cultural landscapes under a huge pressure of agricultural intensification and land abandonment. To prevent the loss of cultural landscapes, knowledge on the location of different types of cultural landscapes is needed. In this paper, we present a characterization of European cultural landscapes based on the prevalence of three key dimensions of cultural landscapes: landscape structure, management intensity, and value and meaning. We mapped these dimensions across Europe at a 1-km resolution by combining proxies on management intensity and landscape structure with new indicators such as social media usage and registered traditional food products. We integrated the three dimensions into a continuous “cultural landscape index” that allows for a characterization of Europe’s rural landscapes. The characterization identifies hotspots of cultural landscapes, where all three dimensions are present, such as in the Mediterranean. On the other hand, Eastern and Northern European cultural landscapes are mostly characterized by only one of the dimensions. Our paper can help to identify pressures to cultural landscapes and thus to target measures for the conservation of these landscapes, to link similar landscapes in different regions, and to inform policy design on the most important characteristics of cultural landscapes at a regional scale.

경리단길 창조계급의 유입과정과 문화경관 형성요인

최근 '창조 경제', '문화 융성' 등이 도시 및 지역 성장의 새로운 방법론으로 부상하면서 문화 산업에 대한 보다 다양한 연구가 요구되고 있다(Kim, 2013). 또한 지역의 창조역량을 강화하고 자생적이며 내발적인 지역문화 발전을 위한 정책마련의 중요성이 증대되고 있다(Ryu et al., 2012). 이러한 흐름에서 자생적으로 문화산업에 종사하는 창조계급들이 집적하여 나타나며, 새로운 문화경관을 형성하고 있는 경리단길을 고찰하여 그 집적요인 및 문화경관의 변화양상을 밝히고자 한다. 본 연구는 최근 급격한 변화과정에 있는 서울 용산구 이태원2동 회나무로(경리단길)를 연구함에 있어, 인근 지역인 이태원1동의 상업시설 포화상태로 인한 상업 공간의 확장 때문이라는 기존의 인식과는 달리 경리단길에 유입되고 있는 '창조계급'이 지역의 변화를 직 간접적으로 유도하며, 지역의 문화 및 경관을 변화시키고 있다는 관점에서 논의하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 1910년대 일본군 기지 조성에 따른 영향으로 변화하기 시작하여 현재에 이르는 과정을 문화경관형성 과정으로 보고, 대상지 경관 변화의 역사적 맥락을 연구하고자 하였다. 둘째, 경리단길의 변화를 주도하는 주체로서 창조계급이 경리단길에 유입된 과정을 고찰하고, 어떠한 요인에서 경리단길에 유입되고 있는지를 밝히고자 하였다. 셋째, 이들의 활동이 지역의 문화 및 경관을 변화시키고 있다는 가설 하에 이들의 활동을 분석하여 경리단길의 독특한 문화경관형성 양상을 고찰하고자 하였다. 연구의 방법으로는 창조계급의 4집단(디자이너 및 건축가 집단, 독립 갤러리 및 카페(음식점)+갤러리 운영자 집단, 예술가 집단, 에스닉푸드 음식점 운영자 집단)들이 경리단길에 유입되고 있는 과정을 생생하게 고찰하기 위하여 심층인터뷰 연구를 진행하였다. 또한 이를 객관적이며 구조적으로 분석하기 위해 위해 Ratner(2002)가 제시한 인터뷰 대화내용 분석의 4단계를 활용하였다. 연구의 결과 창의적 문화산업 종사자가 경리단길에 유입되는 요인으로는 '저렴한 임대료에 비해 이슈화되고 있는 지역', '자연과 공존하는 도시', '도시의 혼잡스러움과는 격리된 듯한 호젓한 분위기', '자신이 좋아하는 개성 있는 소재를 시험하고 공유할 수 있는 장소', '지인과의 네트워크를 통해 활동의 시너지효과를 기대할 수 있는 장소'라는 5가지의 요인이 도출되었다. 또한 이들의 활동으로 형성되고 있는 문화경관의 특징으로는 창의성 증진을 위한 소통의 공간, 일시적이며, 유연한 공간의 활용, 자신의 정체성 및 취향의 표현, 구분짓기, 기존 시설의 적극적 활용이라는 5가지의 특징이 도출되었다. 이와 같이 본 연구는 경리단길의 변화과정을 주도하고 있는 주체인 '창조계급'을 드러냄으로써 경리단길 문화경관이 형성되고 있는 양상을 밝혀냈으며, 문화산업에 대한 보다 다양한 고찰이 요구되는 시점에서 자생적으로 문화산업에 종사하는 창조계급이 집적하여 나타나는 실제의 대상지를 연구함으로써 실증적인 유입요인 및 지역의 변화양상을 밝혀내었다. With the recent 'Creative economy' and 'Cultural prosperity' coming to the fore as a new code to build up a city or a region, it is necessary to focus on strengthening the regional creative capacity as well as developing spontaneous regional culture. In such trend this research aims to explore the Kyunglidan-gil, Seoul, Korea in which creative-class are appearing autogenously in clusters and forming new cultural landscape, to identify the factors of their accumulation and changing aspect of cultural landscape. This study has the following purposes: First, Investigating the historical context of the Kyunglidan-gil's landscape. Second, considering the process of the creative-class being flowed into the Kyunglidan-gil as the subject leading to the modification of the region. Third, their activity was analyzed to consider the unique aspect of forming the cultural landscape at the Kyunglidan-gil. Regarding why the creative-class should flow in, results of the study drew five factors including region in issue compared to inexpensive rents, coexistence with nature, quiet atmosphere seeming isolated from the urban confusion, location possible to test and share individual materials one likes, and a site with synergy effect of activity through the network with acquaintances. Also, five characteristics of cultural landscape forming by the people's activity were drawn - space of communication for increasing creativity, temporary and flexible spatial use, expression of one's identity and taste, distinguishing, and positive use of the existing facilities. Like this, by exposing the 'creative-class', a subject of the leader in changing process of the Kyunglidan-gil, this research identified the aspect of forming cultural landscape.

Ethnographic Constitution of Cultural Lanascape in Rural Settlements of Malay Peninsula

In most cases the mixed constitution of peoples means the confusion of the characteristics of their cultural landscape. This is especially true when their cultural stages are on the same level. Malay Peninsula is an exceptional place where we can observe that different characteristics of cultural landscapes represented by different groups of people are well preserved side by side. In 1945, the present writer lived a few months in one of small villages on the west coast of that peninsula. In this paper he tried to analyse such stratification of cultural landscape from the view point of development of cultural stages.He takes the rural settlements of Malays as the initial form. It is overlaid by the cultural landscape of British, in the form of road construction and rubber estate. Chinese develop their settlements in two different types. The one is that of commercial Strassendorf along the road, and the other is the type of agricultural disseminated villages. These are perfectly identical with the types they have in their home country, South China.