Characteristics Of Bioplastics Research Articles

THE USE SKIN STARCH OF JACKFRUIT (Artocarpus heterophyllus) AND CHITOSAN IN A BIOPLASTIC PRODUCTION WITH THE ADDITION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) AS PLASTICIZER

This study aims to determine the best concentration on the comparison of jackfruit skin starch and chitosan with the addition of virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a plasticizer and the characteristics of bioplastics. The research method consisted of the following steps: extracting jackfruit skin starch using two processes, namely the delignification process and the bleaching process. The production of bioplastics was carried out with the following treatments: Jackfruit skin starch: chitosan, each with a ratio of P1= 100%:0%; P2 = 85%:15%; P3 = 70%:30% and P4 = 55%:45% with the addition of VCO of 10% of the total starch of jackfruit skin and chitosan and stirred for 1 hour until homogeneous. The resulting solution was then printed on a glass mold with a size of 20 x 15 cm and dried in an oven at 60 o C for 6 hours. The bioplastics were cooled at room temperature for 6 hours then removed from the glass plate and stabilized in a desiccator before being analyzed. Data analysis used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 treatment levels and three replications. The results showed that the addition of chitosan and VCO had a very significant effect (p<0.05) on the characteristics of bioplastics. The best treatment ratio was obtained in the ratio of jackfruit skin starch: chitosan 55%:45% with each thickness value of 0.1682 mm, tensile strength of 0.5933 MPA, 20% water absorption and 50% biodegradability test which can be degraded for 3 weeks.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Campuran Maizena dan Glukomanan dengan Lama Pengeringan terhadap Karakteristik Komposit Bioplastik

This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of a mixture of cornstarch and glucomannan with drying time and the interaction of the two on the characteristics of bioplastics and to determine the concentration of the mixture of cornstarch and glucomannan with the best drying time. This study used a factorial randomized experimental group design. The first factor is the concentration of the cornstarch-glucomannan mixture from 4 levels, namely 4%, 5%, 6%, and 7% (w/w). The second factor is the stirring time which consists of 4 levels, namely 5,6,7, and 8 hours. The results showed that the concentration of the cornstarch-glucomannan mixture with drying time had a very significant effect on tensile strength, elongation at break and thickness development/swelling, but had no significant effect on biodegradation. The interaction between treatments had a significant effect on the tensile strength and the rate of water vapor transmission. concentration of cornstarch-glucomannan mixture of 6% and drying time of 6 hours produced the best characteristics of bioplastic composites with a tensile strength value of 22.82 MPa, elongation at break of 11.01%, elasticity value of 353.50 MPa, swelling of 87.98%, the value of the water vapor transmission rate of 1.42 g/m2.hour and the biodegradation time of 7 days. The results of functional group analysis showed that the cornstarch glucomannan bioplastic composite contained hydroxyl (OH), carbonyl (C=O), carboxyl (CO) and -(CHhydrocarbon groups2)n

Effect of Plasticizer and Concentration on Characteristics of Bioplastic Based on Cellulose Acetate from Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) Fiber

The synthetic plastics that made from petroleum material have been widely used in all industrial sectors. They cause some serious problems for the environment. There are semi-synthetic plastics or biodegradable plastics which are made from natural polymers such as cellulose to mitigate this problem. Biodegradable plastics can fulfill the needs of society because they can be decomposed easily into the environment. This research used laboratory experimental methods through several processes: kapok fiber isolation, cellulose acetate production and purification, and manufacture of bioplastics. The characteristics of bioplastics was analyzed using some parameters such as density, tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus, water absorption, biodegradability, compound group analysis using Fouier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and bioplastic morphology analysis by using Scanning electrone microscopy (SEM). This study aimed to determine the effect of the plasticizer type and concentration on the bioplastics characteristics that was divided into several different concentrations of glycerol and sorbitol plasticizers (20%, 30%, and 40%). The fabrication of composite bioplastics used the cellulose acetat from kapok fiber, starch, and types of plasticizer (glycerol, and sorbitol). The results of the study showed that the addition of different plasticizers, such as glycerol and sorbitol gave distinct effects on the bioplastics product characteristics. The optimum concentration of glycerol addition affected the bioplastic characteristics with the best results were 40% concentration generate density of 0.836 g/mL, tensile strength of 0.818 MPa, water absorption value of 22.23%, and degradation plastic mass about 39.7%. The addition of sorbitol also affected the bioplastic characteristics, where the best results were 40% concentration produced bioplastic density of 0.941 g/mL, percent elongation at 3.94%, young’s modulus of 0.726 MPa, and degradarion mass of 32.05%. The morphology of bioplastic showed the high homogeneity on concentrations of 40% glycerol and 30% sorbitol.

Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Filler terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik dari Tepung Maizena

This study aims to determine the effect of filler types and concentrations and their interactions on the characteristics of bioplastics and to determine the concentrations and types of fillers that produce bioplastics with the best characteristics. This research used factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the type of filler consisting of 3 levels that is ZnO, clay, CaCO3. The second factor is the filler concentration consisting of 3 levels 0, 3, 6, and 9% (w/w). Each treatment are grouped into two time-based of making bioplastics, so there are 24 experimental units. The variabels observed were tensil strength, elongation at break, modulus young, swelling, and biodegradation. The data obtained were analyzed of variant and test Tukey’s. The results showed that the concentration and type of filler had a very significant effect on tensile strenght, elongation at break, modulus young and swelling but had no significant effect on the biodegradation value. The 9% concentration with ZnO filler produced the best bioplastic characteristics with a tensile strength value 4.11 MPa, elongation at break 31.16%, modulus young 7.06 MPa, swelling 55.01%, and biodegradability for 6-7 days. 
 Keywords: Bioplastics, filler concentration, ZnO, clay, CaCO3

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PATI UBI TALAS (Colocasia esculenta) DAN JENIS PLASTICIZER TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BIOPLASTIK

This study aims to know the effect of the concetration of taro tuber starch and plasticizer type and their interactions on the characteristics of bioplastics, and to determine the concentration of taro tuber starch and plasticizer type which produces bioplastics with the best characteristics. The research used factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the concentration of taro tuber starch consisting of 3 levels 5, 6 and 7% (w/w). The second factor is the plasticizer type consisting of 3 levels that is glycerol, sorbytol and mixture plasticizer glycerol and sorbitol (1:1). Each treatment are grouped into two time-based of making bioplastics so there are 18 experimental units. Variabels observed tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, swelling, biodegradation and FTIR. The data obtained were analyzed of variant and test Tukey’s. The result showed that the concentration of taro tuber starch and type of plasticizer had a very significant effect on tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s Modulus and swelling but the type of plasticizer had no significant effect on biodegradation. Interaction between treatments has a very significant effect on Young’s Modulus and swelling, a significant effect on tensile strength and no significant effect on elongation at break and biodegradation. The concentration of starch 6% with plasticizer glycerol produces the best characteristics of bioplastics with tensile strength 2.270 0.057 MPa, elongation at break 14.5 0.01 %, Young’s modulus 15.683 1.155 MPa, swelling 29.88 1.02 % and biodegradability 6-7 days. FTIR analysis proved the existence of hydroxyl (O-H), carbonyl (C=O), C=C aromatic, carboxyl (C-O), C-H aromatic, and hydrocarbons –(CH2)n in the bioplastic.
 Keywords: Bioplastics, concentration of taro tuber starch, glycerol, sorbytol

STUDI SUHU DAN pH GELATINISASI PADA PEMBUATAN BIOPLASTIK DARI PATI KULIT SINGKONG

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and pH on the gelatinization process of cassava peel starch on the characteristics of bioplastics and determine the temperature and pH in the gelatinization process of cassava peel starch to produce the best characteristics of bioplastics. This research was carried out in the Faculty Food Analysis laboratory, Agricultural Technology Natural Resources (PSDA) laboratory, Production Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering and Bioscience laboratory, Udayana University. This research was conducted from February to March 2018. The experimental design in this study was factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. Based on the analysis in the research conducted, getting conclusions, namely temperature and pH and their interactions have a large influence on tensile strength, elongation and elution, in the manufacture of bioplastics from cassava peel starch and samples of best cassava peel starch bioplastic found at a temperature ratio of 75? and pH5 with a tensile strength characteristic of 1.181Mpa, the breakdown extension was 13.591% and the elasticity was 8.744MPa.
 Keywords : temperature, pH , gelatinization, bioplastics