Characterization Of Electrodes Research Articles

Discharge characteristics of the planar microscale gap electrodes with various geometry structures in the atmosphere environment

The discharge of microscale gaps for MEMS systems is a serious issue. To reveal the dark discharge characteristics of the microscale gap, electrodes with various gap feature sizes were prepared, and the DC current–voltage characteristics for the electrodes were implemented in atmospheric air. The results showed minor differences in dark discharge current on a nanoampere scale among electrodes with varying gap sizes of micro-protrusions. The current formation mechanism was consistent with the electron avalanche theory. Morphological characterization identified the presence of non-ideal thin-layer trailings at the electrode edges. To evaluate the effect of trailings on the dark discharge characteristics of the microscale gap structures, the electrodes with varying trailing lengths were fabricated. It showed that the current increased exponentially in the presence of long thin-layer trailing. In this case, the breakdown is most pronounced with an effective gap distance of 30 μm and a trailing length of 14.34 μm for the electrodes. For this structure, the dark discharge current was 198 nA at 36 V bias voltage, while the discharge current increased to 50 µA when the bias was increased to 37 V, and stabilized at 100 µA when the bias voltage was higher than 39 V. The rapid increase in current caused by trailing originates from the field emission as judged by the Fowler-Nordheim theory. Simulation results showed that the field strength can reach up to 3.76 × 109 V/m at a thin layer trailing length of 3.5 μm and a bias voltage of 200 V, which matches the conditions for the field emission. By calculating the effective secondary electron emission coefficient, it was found that thin-layer trailing significantly intensifies the ion-enhanced effect, further lowering the threshold for field emission and resulting in a rapid increase in microscale gap current at lower voltages.

Green voltammetric method for determination of diclofenac sodium in environmental and biological samples using aluminium tungstate nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode

ABSTRACT Based upon aluminium tungstate (Al2(WO4)3 NPs), a new modified sensor was created in order to monitor diclofenac sodium (DCF) electrochemically in environmental samples. The electrode composition, electrolyte effect, selectivity, scan rate, and pH parameters that affect the assay’s performance were optimised and the pH study revealed that pH 3.6 was found to be suitable to improve the electrochemical behaviour of diclofenac. The electrochemical characteristics of the built-in electrode were assessed using cyclic voltammetry technique (CV).The electrode composition, electrolyte effect, selectivity, scan rate, and pH parameters were optimised. The limit of detection was found to be 0.076 µM and the limit of quantification (LOQ) value was 0.25 µM for the concentration range (0.2–25 µM) of DCF. It has demonstrated good selectivity for (DCF) in presence of the interfering species and its electrochemical sensing’s repeatability, reproducibility and stability were evaluated and found typical. Some environmental samples like tap water, waste water, Nile-river water and biological ones like urine and plasma, have been effectively applied using the proposed electrochemical sensor. Green chemistry metrics, viz. Analytical GREEnness Preparation (AGREEprep), Analytical Eco-Scale Assessments (ESA) and The AMVI for the proposed method were calculated and have assured that the method has limited negative impact on both human health and the environment.

Enhancement of synergistic effects of Cu2O@MnO2@NiO Using Sarcophrynium Brachystachys leaf extract for supercapacitor electrode application

In recent times, the global population explosion and growing depletion of fossil fuels have compelled academics and scientists to do extensive research on alternate energy sources and energy storage techniques. A hydrothermal approach was used to create Copper (II) oxide (Cu2O), Manganese oxide (MnO2), Nickel oxide (NiO), and Copper@Manganese@Nickel (Cu2O@MnO2@NiO) oxide composite electrodes. Sarcophrynium Brachystachys leaves extract was used equally as a bolstering mediator. According to the Debye-Scherer equation, the crystallites size of different nanoparticles (NPs) were established to be 29.45, 24.22, 26.33 and 20.24 nm for Cu2O, MnO2, NiO, and Cu2O@MnO2@NiO, respectively, based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments. According to electrochemical examinations, assessed specific capacitances for Cu2O, MnO2, NiO, and Cu2O@MnO2@NiO obtained by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using 1.00 mV/s scan rates are 785, 955, 825 and 1092 F/g, respectively. The obtained results clearly showed that separate metallic oxides specific capacitances compared with composites specific capacitance using Sarcophrynium Brachystachys leaves extract, a biological and natural constituent stands superior. Sarcophrynium Brachystachys leaves extract enhanced the synergistic impact between constituents’ ions via lowering electrode resistances, raising electrode conductivity and improving electrode characteristics.

Achieving optimal balance: tuning electrical and optical characteristics of carbon electrodes for emerging photovoltaics.

Transparent and conductive electrodes (TCEs) are essential for various optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications, but they often require expensive and complex fabrication methods. In this paper, a unique low-cost, eco-friendly, and scalable method of fabricating TCEs using spray-coated carbon ink is investigated. Firstly the carbon particles used for this process underwent a size reduction from 20 microns to 0.96 microns via ball milling. Then ink was prepared by mixing graphite powder (for conductivity), ethyl cellulose (for viscosity), and toluene (for solubility) with different weight-per-volume ratios (w/v) of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The TCEs were fabricated by spray coating the ink onto glass substrates using an airbrush. The sheet resistance (Ω sq-1) and transparency (%) of the TCEs were measured by a digital multimeter (DMM) probe method and a UV-vis spectrophotometer, respectively. The sheet resistance of the TCEs decreased linearly from 60 to 20 Ω sq-1, while the transparency decreased exponentially from 37.18% to 18.88% as the ink concentration increased from 5% to 15% w/v. This paper also reports the reflectance and absorbance values for each ink concentration. The results demonstrate that spray-coated carbon ink TCEs achieve sheet resistance and transparency values of 20 Ω sq-1 and 18.88%, respectively, with low-cost and eco-friendly materials and methods, which are desirable for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. These TCEs can play an important role as electrodes in semi-transparent perovskite cells enhancing their stability and overall efficiency.

Electro‐Oxidation of Alkenes: A Green Approach Towards Functionalized Oxygenates

In chemical industrial process, conversion of alkenes to functional oxygenates plays a key role in bridging between the feedstock and downstream application. Traditionally, the oxidation required highly‐active oxygen sources or molecular oxygen under high temperature and pressure. This poses challenges to the green and safe production of oxygenates. To circumvent the issues of massive consumption of fossil fuel and serious CO2 footprints, approaches of electro‐oxidation are developed under ambient conditions, adopting O2 and H2O as oxygen source. Utilizing electricity from renewable resources and the involved electron transfer, the performance is closely related to the interface characteristics of electrodes and electrolytes. This review presents the progress in catalysts design, electrolytes optimization, cells integration to effectively regulate the microenvironment of the interfaces. Further discussion of the mechanism analysis and potential issues are emphasized, based on the in‐situ characterization techniques, isotopic experiments and quenching tests. We hope this review can provide an outline for green approaches to oxidation of alkenes via electrocatalytic pathways.

Interface engineering of tungsten disulfide by incorporating chromium nitride interfacial layer for hybrid supercapacitors

By confronting the ongoing challenges of energy storage after generation, a unique technology referred to as hybrid energy storage systems appears as a potential solution for energy storage applications. In hybrid supercapacitors, optimizing the electrode characteristics by precise interface engineering greatly improves performance, supporting the device's stability and ability to store charge. The focus of this research is on the interface engineering of tungsten disulfide from the family of transition metal dichalcogenides by the incorporation of chromium nitride interfacial layer of 100 nm on 1 cm2 substrate via magnetron sputtering. The structural characteristics of the resulting samples were acquired using SEM, XRD, Raman, and EDX. The study further employed the half-cell assembly for exploring the electrochemical performance of pure WS2 and WS2 with CrN interfacial layer. The enhanced composition of WS2/CrN was then used as a working electrode alongside activated carbon in a hybrid supercapacitor arrangement. The device reveals a specific capacity, capacitance, power and energy density of 348 C/g, 481.3 F/g, 4250 W/kg and 82.6 Wh/kg, respectively along with capacity retention of 89 % after 10,000 GCD cycles. Following this, the device's performance was evaluated using a semi-empirical approach, comparing capacitive and diffusive mechanisms from linear and quadratic models to study battery-supercapacitor hybrids.

Deep eutectic solvent-assisted synthesis of transition metal oxide and its integration into polymer matrix for supercapacitor

Transition metal oxide-based materials continue to attract interest in energy and environmental applications due to their unique characteristics. However, their integration with polymers needs to be explored to achieve enhanced capacitance values. To address this issue, two step strategy is utilized wherein the first step involves preparation of a pristine transition metal oxide (Co3O4) by a deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride and hydrogen donor ethyelene glycol in the ratio of 2:1. In the second step the environmentally friendly high energy ball milling is utilized with strong mechanical forces producing desired poly-3-dodecyl thiophene (P3DDT)-wrapped cobalt oxide (Co3O4). The structural and morphological properties of the prepared Co3O4 and its composite (P3DDT-Co3O4) are determined by aid of X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The synthesized Co3O4 exhibited petal-like morphology, whereas in P3DDT-Co3O4 the polymer appears to be completely wrapped on transition metal oxide. The electrochemical characteristics of electrodes were studied. The P3DDT-Co3O4 exhibited higher specific capacitance (294F/g) than pristine Co3O4 (174F/g) at a current density of 1 A/g and its retention capacity increased (96%) and then decreased (93%) over 5000 cycles in a three-electrode cell assembly. The lowest capacitance (136F/g) was obtained for P3DDT. Experimental results demonstrate that the design is suitable for upgrading favorably active electrochemical spots in Co3O4 during the incorporation of P3DDT by the ball-milling procedure, showing outstanding performance in energy-storage applications.

Exploring the Potential of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene in ZnSe-TiO2 Composite Materials for Supercapacitor Electrode.

The current study explores the prospective of a nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) incorporated into ZnSe-TiO2 composites via hydrothermal method for supercapacitor electrodes. Structural, morphological, and electronic characterizations are conducted using XRD, SEM, Raman, and UV analyses. The electrochemical study is performed and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) are evaluated for the supercapacitor electrode material. Results demonstrate improved performance in the ZnSe-NG-TiO2 composite, indicating its potential for advanced supercapacitors with enhanced efficiency, stability, and power density. Specific capacity calculations and galvanic charge-discharge experiments confirmed the promising electrochemical activity of ZnSe-NG-TiO2, which has a specific capacity of 222 C/g. The negative link among specific capacity and current density demonstrated the composite's potential for high energy density and high-power density electrochemical devices. Overall, the study shows that composite materials derived from multiple families can synergistically improve electrode characteristics for advanced energy storage applications.

Characteristics of hydride electrodes using Mg-Ti-Ni-Co-Al-based alloys synthesized by mechanical milling

For Ni-MH batteries, crystalline Mg-based alloys such as MgNi, Mg2Ni, REMg12, and La2Mg17 are regarded as hopeful negative electrode materials. Even though these alloys are inexpensive and have promising discharge capacity, they hardly ever electrochemically absorb or desorb hydrogen at room temperature. In this paper, the MgNi-based Mg50-xTixNi45Al3Co2 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) alloy electrodes were fabricated. The surface of the as-cast alloys was modified by mechanical Ni coating. The nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg50-xTixNi45Al3Co2 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) + 50 wt%Ni alloys for Ni-MH batteries were prepared using mechanical ball milling. The effects of Ti content and ball milling time on the structure and electrochemical hydrogen storage properties of the alloys were investigated. The electrochemical testing reveals that the as-milled alloys can electrochemically absorb and desorb hydrogen well at room temperature. Without any activation, the milled alloys can achieve maximum discharge capacity in the first cycle. With the extension of ball milling time and the increase of Ti content, the cycle stability and discharge capacity of the alloys are significantly enhanced. The electrochemical impedance spectrum, high rate discharge ability, potentiodynamic polarization curve, and potential-step measurement all indicate that the electrochemical kinetics of the prepared alloys initially increase and subsequently decrease with the increase of Ti content, while significantly improve with the prolongation of milling time.

Fabrication of NiCo2O4@NiCo2S4 Core@Shell nanostructured arrays decorated over the rGO sheets for High-Performance asymmetric supercapacitor

Reliable and cost-effective energy storage systems can only be designed using electrode materials that exhibit high energy densities and consistency. In this work, NiCo2S4@NiCo2O4 core@shell nanoneedle-like nanostructures (NCS@NCO/rGO) are synthesized over the rGO sheet using a new and easy hydrothermal approach. Electrolyte transport and sulfur incorporation during charge–discharge reactions are both made easier by the core@shell nanostructured arrays' large active surface area. The ternary electrodes made of NCS@NCO/rGO have a rich mesoporous framework, a large surface area of 156.5 m2g−1, and an ideal distribution of pore sizes centered at 8.1 nm. An impressive specific capacitance of 2011 Fg−1 at 10 mV s−1 demonstrates the exceptional performance of the NCS@NCO/rGO ternary electrode. The ternary electrodes made of NCS@NCO and rGO have been shown to have remarkable cyclic stability in reports, maintaining 91 % of their capacity after 10,000 cycles. With an impressive power density of 983 Wkg−1 and an outstanding cycling durability of 98.8 % retention of the original capacitance after 10,000 cycles, the manufactured NCS@NCO/rGO//AC ACS displays a noticeable energy density of 68.5 Whkg−1. The mesoporous structure is excellent for increasing the characteristics of supercapacitor electrodes, as these astounding results can attest.

Preparation of porous silicon using magnesiothermic reduction of porous silica glass and electrode characteristics for lithium-ion batteries

Preparation of porous silicon using magnesiothermic reduction of porous silica glass and electrode characteristics for lithium-ion batteries

Finite element dynamic model of ocean grounding electrode characteristics based on circuit and electric–thermal field coupling

Finite element dynamic model of ocean grounding electrode characteristics based on circuit and electric–thermal field coupling

Unlocking the potential of optimal etching and ion exchange concentration in post-synthesis of binder-free NiCo-MOFs for high-performance supercapacitors

In this study, we synthesized binder-free NiCo-MOFs electrodes on a flexible stainless-steel substrate (abbreviated as NCMS) using a post-synthesis approach that involves etching and an ion-exchange method. Herein, different concentrations of the nickel precursor, specifically 0.01 M (NCMSA), 0.05 M (NCMSB), 0.10 M (NCMSC), and 0.15 M (NCMSD), were employed to optimize the concentrations of the nickel precursor involved in etching and ion exchange method for Supercapacitors (SCs). Structural, morphological, compositional, and electrochemical characteristics of NCMS electrodes were studied. Morphological investigation unveiled a porous interconnected sheet-like architecture of NiCo-MOFs electrodes which is highly advantageous for SCs. Notably, the NCMSB electrode exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance, achieving a highest specific capacity (Csp) of 206 mAh/g (1487 F/g) at 5 mV/s; along with a 54.42 % retention rate after 3000th cycles at 100 mV/s. Additionally, NCMSB demonstrated superior power density (Pd) and energy density (Ed) of 2500 W/kg and 43.68 Wh/kg respectively. The power law was employed to examine the charge storage kinetics of the NCMSB electrode. Moreover, a symmetric aqueous device fabricated and evaluated for its electrochemical performance, exhibiting maximum Cs of 22 F/g (9.01 mAh/g) at 10 mV/s. The device exhibited a good Pd of 389 W/kg and Ed of 3.14 Wh/kg at 1 A/g, maintaining 69 % retention over 3000th cycles at 15 A/g. The current findings highlight the significance of etching and ion-exchange concentrations of nickel precursor during the post-synthesis of NiCo-MOFs electrode to achieve high supercapacitive performance.

Mechanics and deformation behavior of lithium-ion battery electrode during calendering process

The calendering process in lithium-ion battery electrode manufacturing is pivotal and significantly affects battery performance and longevity. However, current research on the mechanical and deformation characteristics of lithium-ion battery electrodes during calendering is limited, and a systematic theoretical foundation for informing practical production is lacking. This study investigated the mechanics and deformation behavior of lithium-ion battery electrodes during calendering through experimental methods. Data on the calendering pressure for electrodes at varying compression rates were gathered, revealing a correlation between the calendering pressure and compression rate that aligns well with the Kawakita equation commonly used in powder forming. Furthermore, the study examined the effects of the roller diameter and roller surface temperature on the calendering pressure. Within the typical compression rate range, a linear relationship was observed between the compression rate and the percentage elongation of the battery electrode. The study also explored how the roller diameter, roller surface temperature, and number of calendering passes influence the percentage of elongation. A quantitative formula linking the roller diameter to the percentage elongation of the battery electrode was proposed considering the effect of the roller diameter. Additionally, through electrode cleaning experiments, the study identified the coordination relationship between the extension of the electrode coating and the current collector. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were conducted to elucidate the influence of calendering on the porosity, pore size distribution and specific surface area of the electrode coating. This research offers valuable insights and a theoretical basis for optimizing the calendering process in lithium-ion battery electrode production.

Template-free efficacious morphology of electrosynthesized polyaniline/β-cyclodextrin host-guest complex on Au/rGO modified electrode for removal and recovery of rare-earth and heavy elements from seawater

Global water pollution and scarcity of water resources are turning increasingly into serious threats to the survival of all living organisms on Earth. This study offers an influent strategy for the electrosynthesis of reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline/β-cyclodextrin (rGO/PAni/βCD) nanocomposite and its application to the removal/recovery of heavy elements (HEs) and rare-earth elements (REEs). Besides physicochemical and electrochemical studies, the surface morphological and statistical properties of fabricated nanocomposite electrode were examined. The textural and morphological characteristics of nanocomposite electrode were investigated via AFM data based on statistical, stereometric, and fractal theory. The cohesive, porous, and well-developed morphology of fabricated nanocomposite electrode has enabled the electrodeposition technique to achieve significant simultaneous removal/recovery efficiency of HE and REE ions such as Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Ce(IV), and Nb(V). Therefore, using rGO/PAni/βCD, considerable removal of HEs and REEs was achieved under optimized pH, 0.1 M KNO3, and 35 mg L−1 metal ion initial concentration during 20 min. Removal capacity of the nanocomposite electrode is preserved subsequent to 10 cycles of electrodeposition/desorption, according to the desorption investigation through eluted adsorbent at time intervals in deionized water and adjusted acidic pH values. Then, using rGO/PAni/CD nanocomposite, simulated seawater remediation was accomplished successfully. This interdisciplinary approach reveals that the removal/recovery efficiency enhance linearly along with the improvement of well-developed morphology for electrosynthesized composites. Thus, these results suggest how the morphological features of the polymer composites could improve remediation of water resources.

Modulation of Interfacial Characteristics of Copper Electrode by Electrodeposited Cu@Ti for High-Performance Anode-Free Zinc Ion Batteries.

Preparation of the NC-Cu@Ti electrode involved electrochemical deposition of nanocrystalline copper on the surface of titanium foil using a constant potential method, intended for high stability anode-free zinc ion battery (ZIB) anode material applications. This paper examines the effect of Cu2+ concentration in the electrodeposition solution on the structure and morphology of copper crystals on the NC-Cu@Ti electrode surface. The study also assesses how the interfacial properties of the NC-Cu@Ti electrode affect the process of anodic zinc deposition without anodic ZIBs. Our data suggest that with a voltage setting of -0.95 V and a copper ion concentration of 0.5 M in the solution, the deposition rate of copper crystals on the NC-Cu@Ti-0.5 electrode remains consistent. The resultant crystal phase surface appears smooth with a fine grain size. The NC-Cu@Ti-0.5 electrodes have increased hydrogen potentials and superior corrosion resistance; noting zinc nucleation sites at a mere 21.4 mV, it can provide stable electrochemical conditions for the zinc deposition interface of ZIBs and accelerate the process of zinc desolvation and nucleation. The constructed Zn//NC-Cu@Ti-0.5 asymmetric cell displays swift zinc deposition/stripping kinetics, elevated Coulombic efficiency, and prolonged stability (maintaining nearly 99% after 200 cycles). This performance significantly extends the service life relative to the Zn//Zn symmetric cell, which operates stably for 400 h at 1 mA/cm2. Moreover, the NC-Cu@Ti-0.5//MnO2 ZIBs offer enhanced conductivity and magnification performance to the pure zinc anode ZIBs. This study presents a novel approach for the low-cost and rapid preparation of anode materials for high-performance free-anode ZIBs.

Wearable Sensing Device Integrated with Prestored Reagents for Cortisol Detection in Sweat.

Wearable sweat sensors have achieved rapid development since they hold great potential in personalized health monitoring. However, a typical difficulty in practical processes is the control of working conditions for biorecognition elements, e.g., pH level and ionic strength in sweat may decrease the affinity between analytes and recognition elements. Here, we developed a wearable sensing device for cortisol detection in sweat using an aptamer as the recognition element. The device integrated functions of sweat collection, reagent prestorage, and signal conversion. Especially, the components of prestored reagents were optimized according to the inherent characteristics of sweat samples and electrodes, which allowed us to keep optimal conditions for aptamers. The sweat samples were transferred from the inlet of the device to the reagent prestored chamber, and the dry preserved reagents were rehydrated with sweat and then arrived at the aptamer-modified electrodes. Sweat samples of volunteers were analyzed by the wearable sensing device, and the results showed a good correlation with those of the ELISA kit. We believe that this convenient and reliable wearable sensing device has significant potential in self-health monitoring.

Research Progress in Data Acquisition and Intelligent Sensing Methods for Lumbar Electromyographic Signals

Population aging trend is taking place in our country, and low back pain is a symptom of neuromuscular diseases of concern in the elderly. Accurately analyzing the disease of low back pain is important for both timely intervention and rehabilitation of patients. As a kind of bioelectrical signal, the acquisition and analysis of lumbar electromyography (EMG) signal is an important direction for the study of low back pain. The study reviews the acquisition of lumbar EMG by different types of sensors, introduces the signal characteristics of needle electrodes, surface electromyography electrodes and array electrodes, describes the use of signal algorithms, points out that wireless sensors and the use of deep learning algorithms are the direction of development, and puts forward prospects for its further development.

Zinc Sensing Advancements for Prostate Cancer Detection: Insights from Zincon-MoS2 Electrochemical Characterization

Epidemiological research has illuminated the pivotal role of zinc (Zn) in prostate cancer detection. Among its noteworthy attributes, a healthy prostate is characterized by a higher zinc content, while in a malignant prostate, there is a marked decrease in zinc aggregation. Electrochemical sensing techniques have proven to be valuable in studying zinc behaviour; In this study, we examined the electrochemical characteristics of a glassy carbon electrode that underwent modification with Zincon-MoS2. Our primary objective was to achieve a sensitive and selective approach for detecting zinc in the context of prostate cancer. The synthesis of the Zincon-MoS2 composite was executed through hydrothermal, and subsequent chemical functionalization with zinc was employed to augment its affinity for zinc ions. Conducting cyclic voltammetry measurements, we sought to gain deeper electrochemical insights when exposed to zinc ions. The Zincon-MoS2-modified electrode that we created exhibited exceptional electrochemical capabilities for precisely detecting zinc. We studied the behaviour of MoS2 sheet on microlevel and rest of the studies are done on nano dimensions. We reported 0.912 μM Limit of detection which is quite low then the limit of the zinc concentration in healthy prostate i.e 12 μM. Additionally, the limit of quantification was calculated to be 3.04 μM, indicating the minimum detectable concentration of zinc. The sensitivity of the sensor was found to be 0.086 μAmp/nM-cm2, emphasizing its ability to detect zinc accurately. Furthermore, the effect of pH variations in the electrolyte on the maximum current levels was studied, providing valuable information on the response of the sensor under different physiological conditions. The electrochemical insights obtained through this investigation contribute to a deeper understanding of zinc behaviour in prostate cancer.

Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Checklist for reporting and critically appraising studies using EMG (CEDE-Check)

The diversity in electromyography (EMG) techniques and their reporting present significant challenges across multiple disciplines in research and clinical practice, where EMG is commonly used. To address these challenges and augment the reproducibility and interpretation of studies using EMG, the Consensus for Experimental Design in Electromyography (CEDE) project has developed a checklist (CEDE-Check) to assist researchers to thoroughly report their EMG methodologies. Development involved a multi-stage Delphi process with seventeen EMG experts from various disciplines. After two rounds, consensus was achieved. The final CEDE-Check consists of forty items that address four critical areas that demand precise reporting when EMG is employed: the task investigated, electrode placement, recording electrode characteristics, and acquisition and pre-processing of EMG signals. This checklist aims to guide researchers to accurately report and critically appraise EMG studies, thereby promoting a standardised critical evaluation, and greater scientific rigor in research that uses EMG signals. This approach not only aims to facilitate interpretation of study results and comparisons between studies, but it is also expected to contribute to advancing research quality and facilitate clinical and other practical applications of knowledge generated through the use of EMG.