Character Of Interaction Research Articles

Arrest Matters: The Pragmatics of Vulnerability in Phone Calls to the Stasi

Using Conversation Analysis (CA), this article focuses on the ways in which participants invoke vulnerability in phone calls to the former East German State Security Service, better known as the Stasi. The calls were made in the late 1970s and the 1980s and pertained in one way or the other to political arrests. The main aim is to understand the linkage between vulnerability as an attribute of an institutional setting and vulnerability as the mutual achievement of a social interaction with an organization. The data represent different ways of addressing experiences of vulnerabilisation and different complications, each with a specific interactional character (failed request for help, self-protection or expression of indignation about one’s own treatment). Starting with an ambiguous case and focusing on how participants work to describe experiences of arrest in other cases documented and available in the Stasi tape archive, the article describes the sequential unfolding of vulnerability in different formats, depending on how the recipient designs them and the communicative tasks that participants tackle in their interactions.

Discipline Character and Social Interaction on Swimming Athlete Achievement

This study aims to determine the character of dicipline and social interaction in the achivements of swimming athletes. This study uses a survey method with a quantitative descriptive reaseacrh design. The sample used was based on the purposive sampling technique, which was advanced from each Artswimschool Purwakarta training center 33 athletes. The tesults if this studi show that the value of sig. Smaller than α (sig. 0.000 < 0.05), which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Thus, there is a significant influence between the character of discipline and social interaction on the achievement of swimming and contributing athletes is very large, namely 98%. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that: 1) here is a significant relationship between the character of discipline and the achievement of swimmers. It can be concluded that if the character of discipline is higher, then the achievement of swimmers of Artwswimschool Purwakarta will be better; 2) There is a significant relationship between social interaction and swimmers' achievement. It can be concluded that if social interaction is higher, then the achievement of Artswimschool Purwakarta swimmers will be better; 3) a significant relationship exists between discipline, character, social interaction, and swimmers' achievement. Thus, it can be concluded that discipline, character, and social interaction affect swimmers' accomplishments at Artswimschool Purwakarta.

Russian-Croatian trade relations in current environment of sanctions

Aim. To assess the impact of Western European sanctions on Russian-Croatian trade relations in 2020-2023 and Croatian tourism sector.Objectives. To analyze the dynamics of key indicators of trade between the Russian Federation (RF) and Croatia under sanctions; to identify the main commodity groups in the structure of their trade; to determine the importance of Russia for the tourism sector of the Republic of Croatia.Methods. The author used such research methods as statistical analysis, generalization, description and graphical modeling.Results. The results obtained in the process of the analysis indicate a sharp decline in the volume of mutual trade of the Russian Federation with Croatia in the conditions of numerous trade restrictions from the European Union. In 2023, the commodity structure of Russian exports to the Republic of Croatia has changed significantly, the basis of Russian exports is now made up of finished goods and goods of the chemical industry. The flow of tourists from Russia occupies an insignificant share in the total tourist flow of Croatia and has little impact on the tourism sector of the Republic. Under the conditions of the sanctions regime, Croatian companies have begun to cease economic activities in the territory of the Russian Federation.Conclusions. The current situation on the world stage has determined the dynamism of mutual trade interaction between Russia and Croatia. Thus, the sanctions imposed by the countries of the collective West have a negative impact on Russian-Croatian relations both in trade and tourism. The tendencies of reduction of mutual trade and tourist flows have a long-term character and negative dynamics of interaction between the two countries. Normalization of trade relations between Russia and Croatia in the geopolitical situation today seems unlikely.

Modernisasi Pesantren Salaf Terhadap Transisi Kehidupan Sosial Dalam Tinjauan Filsafat Sosial

Salaf pesantren is one of the Islamic educational institutions that has a great influence and contribution to Indonesia in encouraging the progress of science and character education. So it is appropriate to study the renewal carried out by these salaf pesantrens. The renewal carried out by these salaf pesantren is a form of answering the needs of a dynamic society. So the review conducted in this paper is to look at the innovation of Hidayatut Thullab pesantren in the review of social philosophy, so the question in this paper is how the social inetarchy relationship between the characters produced between the community or the pesantren family and the educational innovations it makes to society as a whole. The method used is a combination of literature studies and field studies, using the domain analysis method, componen analysis, taxonomy analysis, and cultural theme analysis, the purpose of this method is to find the construction of social situations clearly. The results of the analysis of this paper are, that this semi-modern salaf pesantren has been able to build its social culture clearly, because it is assisted by a curriculum, adequate Islamic material and the environment of pesantren life based on salaf culture, so that the character of social interaction is clearly illustrated as a family or pesantren community that has a strong Islamic identity, a thick cultural culture and tak'dzim to the kiaiKiyai. However, because the innovation is only limited to the digitalisation of online mass media-based da'wah communication, the impact is only in the field of da'wah, and the social environment is also still limited to the relationship network environment, not yet to a more famous national level, as we know that the world of digital communication still needs something unique so that it goes viral and is widely known and captures more people. While the pesantren's relationship with the surrounding community as a form of social interaction has not been carried out optimally, because it is still confined to the salaf pesantren system with a traditional classical paradigm, thus making the salaf pesantren movement more limited than modern pesantren, such as the lack of cooperation between pesantren as a whole as educational institutions to the government and NGOs in order to obtain integrated activities, adequate facilities, teacher support and so on.

Topological photon pumping in quantum optical systems

We establish the concept of topological pumping in one-dimensional systems with long-range couplings and apply it to the transport of a photon in quantum optical systems. In our theoretical investigation, we introduce an extended version of the Rice-Mele model with all-to-all couplings. By analyzing its properties, we identify the general conditions for topological pumping and theoretically and numerically demonstrate topologically protected and dispersionless transport of a photon on a one-dimensional emitter chain. As concrete examples, we investigate three different popular quantum optics platforms, namely Ryd-berg atom lattices, dense lattices of atoms excited to low-lying electronic states, and atoms coupled to waveguides, using experimentally relevant parameters. We observe that despite the long-ranged character of the dipole-dipole interactions, topological pumping facilitates the transport of a photon with a fidelity per cycle which can reach 99.9%. Moreover, we find that the photon pumping process remains topologically protected against local disorder in the coupling parameters.

English as a Lingua Franca in Short-term Study Abroad Contexts and Implications for Pre-departure Training

Short-term study abroad (STSA) programmes can provide English language learners important exposure to linguistic diversity and variability associated with English as a lingua franca (ELF). Emphasising the importance of ELF in these programmes highlights how students can navigate and benefit from linguistically diverse environments. This paper examines connections between the reported social interaction patterns of 18 Japanese university students during STSA and ELF perspectives using a qualitative analysis of their reflective writing from before departure, upon return, and nine months post-STSA. The research showed how multilingual encounters can shape students’ ELF perspectives. Supplementary survey data revealed further insight into the character and frequency of STSA social interactions, including ELF use with other international students on linguistically diverse programmes. The findings are used to in the development of suggestions for pre-departure STSA training to prepare students for communication in multilingual settings.

Maternal rejection but not protectiveness predicts juvenile Japanese macaque behavior without direct maternal influence.

Primates show large interindividual variability in the character and quantity of interactions between mothers and their immature offspring. Multiple studies have documented associations between maternal behavior and the occurrence or frequency of certain behaviors among offspring, but it remains unclear whether and how early maternal interactions generally affect behavioral development in offspring. We followed two wild groups of Japanese macaques on Yakushima island and investigated the relationship between maternal behavior and several types of behavior performed by 35 juvenile offspring. We further asked if the impact of maternal behavior on juvenile behavior persists regardless of the distance between mother and offspring, testing whether the influence extends beyond cases when the mother is nearby. We found that juveniles whose mothers frequently rejected them approached and played with others more often, independent of their mother's presence. Juveniles of more protective mothers were in proximity to fewer other individuals and played less, but only if their mothers were nearby. Maternal rejection appears to exert a generalized effect on offspring behavior that endures when mothers are absent. In contrast, effects of maternal protectiveness may be temporary and/or reflect direct maternal influences, such as active intervention in offspring interactions, or effects of the mother's own social relationships on offspring interactions. Our results suggest that understanding how maternal behavior affects offspring development requires paying attention to the context of juvenile behavior, including the mother's distance from her offspring.

Insight into the Metal-Involving Chalcogen Bond in the PdII/PtII-Based Complexes: Comparison with the Conventional Chalcogen Bond.

The metal-involving Ch···M chalcogen bond and the conventional Ch···O chalcogen bond between ChX2 (Ch = Se, Te; X = CCH, CN) acting as a Lewis acid and M(acac)2 (M = Pd, Pt; Hacac = acetylacetone) acting as a Lewis base were studied by density functional theory calculations. It has been observed that the nucleophilicity of the PtII complexes is higher than that of the corresponding PdII complexes. As a result, the PtII complexes tend to exhibit a more negative interaction energy and larger orbital interaction. The strength of the chalcogen bond increases with the increase of the chalcogen atom and the electronegativity of the substituent on the Lewis acid and vice versa. The metal-involving chalcogen bond shows a typical weak closed-shell noncovalent interaction in the (HCC)2Ch···M(acac)2 complexes, while it exhibits a partially covalent nature in the (NC)2Ch···M(acac)2 complexes. The conventional Ch···O chalcogen bond displays the character of a weak noncovalent interaction, and its strength is generally weaker than that of metal-involving Ch···M interactions. It could be argued that the metal-involving chalcogen bond is primarily determined by the correlation term, whereas the conventional chalcogen bond is mainly governed by the electrostatic interaction.

Which fits better?. Centered and non-Centered coordination modes of small endohedral Fullerenes, insights from Ti@C28 and Zr@C28

The endohedral metallic fullerenes (EMF), exhibit the interplay between stabilizing interaction and steric hindrance effects owing to the internal size provided by the fullerene cage. The small C28 fullerene, offers the smallest cavity realized to encapsulate metal ions. The characterized energy minima structure for Ti@C28 exhibits a non-centered disposition of the Ti atom in a spherical cage, in contrast to Zr@C28, where Zr atom is located at the very center. Here, we explore variations of the 3d-Ti-π-C28 bonding interaction from a centered conformation towards the non-centered disposition in comparison to Zr@C28. Our results show that in such structures, a variation of both electrostatic and orbital character of the metal-cage interaction can be observed. Interestingly, the orbital term is largely favored underlying the more effective bonding in the latter conformation, playing a crucial role in the determination of the coordination mode. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to determine the endohedral atom variation at 300°K, denoting that Zr@C28 cage exhibits more structural variation in comparison to Ti@C28, owing to the movement of a more fitted metal center induces larger variations to the cage distance.

The breakdown of the direct relation between the density scaling exponent and the intermolecular interaction potential for molecular systems with purely repulsive intermolecular forces

In this work, we question the generally accepted statement that the character of intermolecular interactions can be directly determined from the scaling exponent. We show that the scaling exponent evidently differs on the molecular architecture for pure inverse power law systems. Since these systems are characterized by a well-defined dependency between the intermolecular virial and potential energy, the results contradict theoretical predictions and previous reports. Moreover, we suggest that the recently proposed “molecular force” method also returns the value that varies from the one scaling the dynamics. Finally, the obtained result allows us to conclude that the value of the density scaling exponent for real liquids depends on intramolecular interactions.

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PHASE DIAGRAMS BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF THE BJERRUM–GUGGENHEIM OSMOTIC COEFFICIENT

The aim of this study is to theoretically confirm or refute the high degree of lead and zinc volatilisation from the Shalkiya deposit (polymetallic refractory ores) by means of analysing the phase diagrams and the behaviour of the osmotic coefficient according to the Bjerrum-Guggenheim equation along the liquidus line for binary systems based on calcium. From the plots depicting the dependence of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim osmotic coefficient on activity, one can infer the structure of the melt (positive <1 or negative >1). That is, if the values of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim osmotic coefficient in a binary system indicate a positive character of interaction between the components, it implies interaction between like atoms in the melt, whereas negative values indicate interaction between unlike atoms, suggesting the formation of complex, high-temperature compounds, which would be undesirable in our case. The question related to the formation of complex high-temperature chemical compounds with impurity elements such as zinc and lead in the Fe-Si-Al-Ca-Mg-Zn-Pb system remains unresolved.

Ambiguous Faces of Water-Based Inclusion Compounds: L4(4)8(8) Intercalato-Clathrate Hydrate of Pt(II) Complex.

Clathrate hydrates are among the most intensively studied H-bond inclusion compounds. Despite the broad definition for this class of compounds, their meaning commonly refers to closed polyhedral nanocages that encapsulate small guest molecules. On the other hand, larger solutes enforce another type of encapsulation because of the solute size effect. Herein, we report a series of structures containing various molecules encapsulated by intercalated water layers constructed of polycyclic moieties of L4(4)8(8) topology. We parametrized the corrugation of individual layers and characterized interactions governing their formation. We suggested that these could be categorized as two-dimensional clathrates based on the character of intra-layer interactions and the effects observed between entrapped molecules and water-based intercalators.

Photon superfluidity through dissipation

Superfluidity—frictionless flow—has been observed in various physical systems such as liquid helium, cold atoms, and exciton polaritons. Superfluidity is usually realized by cooling and suppressing all dissipation. Here we challenge this paradigm by demonstrating signatures of superfluidity, enabled by dissipation, in the flow of light within a room-temperature oil-filled cavity. Dissipation in the oil mediates effective photon-photon interactions which are noninstantaneous and nonlocal. Such interactions were expected to severely limit the emergence of superfluidity in conservative photonic systems. Surprisingly, when launching a photon fluid with sufficiently high density and low velocity against an obstacle in our driven-dissipative cavity, we observe a record suppression of backscattering. Our experiments also reveal the reorganization dynamics of photons into a nonscattering steady state and a qualitatively changing behavior of the optical phase as light propagates around the obstacle. The phase is locked between the laser and the obstacle but evolves with the intensity in the wake of the obstacle where the density of the photon fluid and its mean-field interaction energy decrease. Using a generalized Gross–Pitaevskii equation for photons coupled to a thermal field, we model our experiments and elucidate how the noninstantaneous and nonlocal character of interactions influences the suppression of scattering associated with superfluidity. Beyond providing the first signatures of cavity photon superfluidity, and of any superfluid both at room temperature and in steady state, our results pave the way for probing photon hydrodynamics in arbitrary potential landscapes using structured mirrors. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Uncovering the origin of unique elemental distribution behaviors of Vanadium in high entropy alloys

Owing to the unique elemental character, Vanadium (V) has recently gained growing interest in the field of high entropy alloys. It is known that V benefits in the mechanical strength in alloys, accompanying by the unique elemental distribution behaviors. In this work, we concentrate on the mechanism of V's distribution characters in VFeCoNi, which is similar to that of Cr in CrFeCoNi, by evaluating element inherent electronegativity, charge transfer, atomic volume, Voronoi volume and the atomic stress resulting from the combined effects of these factors. Another unique character of electronic interaction in the t2g and eg orbitals has been observed, which contributed to the fluctuation of atomic volume, thus enhancing solid solution strengthening. The tensile stress-strain tests show that the chemical ordering of V enhanced mechanical strength, especially for the grain boundary. Our work will provide new insights into the nanoscale distribution of V elements and the related macroscopic mechanical effects.

Новое издание учебника «Конкуренция в предпринимательстве» для вузов

A review for the new edition of the textbook “Competition in Entrepreneurship” for higher educational institutions, published by the University publishing house “Synergy”, is presented. The following main advantages of the textbook are noted: the presence of the author’s view on such issues as the process of competitiveness, its objects, subjects, actors, results, resources, types and character of competitive interaction, types of competitive actions, methods of operational interaction between competitive parties, competitive stability and competitive ability, competitive positions, competitive status, competitive strategies, tactical competitive operations and combinations, competitive situations, competitive tricks and puzzles, management of competitive actions, competitive analysis. In the context of digital economy and the application of intelligent management technologies, the use of the considered publication in the educational process will allow university students to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to conduct successful business activities in modern economic conditions. The tools described in the textbook can be effectively used at the strategic, operational and situational levels of participation in competition, considering the potential for its implementation as part of the organization corporate information systems.

Exposure to diverse political views in contemporary media environments

Exploring the nexus between digital media and citizens’ exposure to diverse political views is imperative for understanding contemporary democratic engagement. This study builds upon Mutz and Martin’s (2001) seminal research, integrating digital communication channels previously unexamined. Our findings suggest that the interpersonal character of media interactions, rather than the mere distinction between offline and online platforms, significantly influences the diversity of political views to which individuals are exposed. Contrary to the prevalent theories of “echo chambers” and “filter bubbles,” our analysis reveals a nuanced media landscape where digital platforms facilitate both homogeneous and heterogeneous political exposures, depending on their specific affordances. This study contributes to the political communication literature by offering a comprehensive overview of exposure dynamics in the digital age.

Physiology and biomechanics researches of the special preparedness and contention activity of highly skilled kayakers

Purpose — development of methodology for individual evaluating special fitness and competitive activity of highly skilled kayakers.
 The rationality of the rower’s movement structure is largely determined by the character of work and interaction of the posterior and anterior bundles of the deltoid muscle, which perform the rower’s arm movements during applying both “pulling” and “pushing” efforts. The following causes of individual rowing technique errors significantly affecting sports result were identified: general muscle rigidity, lack of sufficiently complete and timely muscle relaxation; untimely involvement of muscles in work (appearance of mutual activity zones of antagonist muscles); late start of muscle activity (inertial moments of movement of rower's body biolinks are not provided before water entrapment); protracted, too long muscle activity (movement is performed entirely at the expense of muscular activity, without the use of inertial and propelling forces); low speed of muscle engagement in work leading, as a rule, to the “drop” of efforts on the oar. Two groups of athletes with diametrically opposite levels of physical capacity development and one group, which was characterized by their uniform development, were distinguished. The first group was distinguished by the high indices of power and efficiency of the work performed while covering the competitive distance. Such athletes showed higher sports results on short distances. The second group was distinguished by high indices of the efficiency of applying efforts, symmetry of movements, and successful performances on long competitive distances. Such rowers were classified as athletes with predominant development of special endurance quality. The rowers of the third group differed in the average values of the above mentioned indices and demonstrated equal success on both short and long competitive distances. Athletes with preferential development of speed-strength qualities and rowers with an advantageous development of special endurance have no significant difference in speed of covering 500 m distance and heart rate. However, there are significant differences in other indices of special fitness. Rowers with even development of physical qualities have differences in all recorded indices compared to those of the first two groups.
 The individual peculiarities of rowers’ movement coordination during covering a competitive distance of 500 m were determined. All rowers are divided into two groups. The first group is characterized by rational coordination of movements at the beginning of the distance covering and pronounced disturbances in the work dynamics of the muscles of the body turn and the nature of effort applied to the oar at the end of the distance. In the second group, we encounter the opposite phenomenon: with an irrational movement structure at the beginning of the distance, there is a transition of work to a more correct character at the end of its covering. The most preferable option for increasing the efficiency of athletes’ technical preparation is the use of the methodology for designing generalized and individual models of motor action structure. Preparation of rowers with account for their predisposition to the formation of the most important components of sportsmanship is the most preferable option. When drawing up individual plans for the preparation of athletes, the coaches should take into account these practical recommendations and adhere to the recommended directions of training. Repeated examinations (four months later) revealed the effectiveness of managing the process of technical preparation of kayakers based on the correction of intermuscular coordination.

Killer prey: Ecology reverses bacterial predation.

Ecological variation influences the character of many biotic interactions, but examples of predator-prey reversal mediated by abiotic context are few. We show that the temperature at which prey grow before interacting with a bacterial predator can determine the very direction of predation, reversing predator and prey identities. While Pseudomonas fluorescens reared at 32°C was extensively killed by the generalist predator Myxococcus xanthus, P. fluorescens reared at 22°C became the predator, slaughtering M. xanthus to extinction and growing on its remains. Beyond M. xanthus, diffusible molecules in P. fluorescens supernatant also killed 2 other phylogenetically distant species among several examined. Our results suggest that the sign of lethal microbial antagonisms may often change across abiotic gradients in natural microbial communities, with important ecological and evolutionary implications. They also suggest that a larger proportion of microbial warfare results in predation-the killing and consumption of organisms-than is generally recognized.

Delving into the Variability of Supramolecular Affinity: Self-Ion Pairing as a Central Player in Aqueous Host-Guest Chemistry.

The determination of binding constants is a key matter in evaluating the strength of host-guest interactions. However, the profound impact of self-ion pairing on this parameter is often underrated in aqueous solution, leading in some cases to a misinterpretation of the true potential of supramolecular assemblies. In the present study, we aim to shed further light on this critical factor by exploring the concentration-dependent behavior of a multicharged pillararene in water. Our observations reveal an extraordinary 1-million-fold variability in the affinity of this macrocycle toward a given anion, showcasing the highly dynamic character of electrostatic interactions. We argue that these findings bring to the forefront the inherent determinism that underlies the estimation of affinity constants, a factor profoundly shaped by both the sensitivity of the instrumental technique in use and the intricacies of the experimental design itself. In terms of applications, these results may provide the opportunity to optimize the operational concentrations of multicharged hosts in different scenarios, aiming to achieve their maximum efficiency based on the intended application. Unlocking the potential of this hidden variability may pave the way for the creation of novel molecular materials with advanced functionalities.

Delving into the Variability of Supramolecular Affinity: Self‐Ion Pairing as a Central Player in Aqueous Host‐Guest Chemistry

AbstractThe determination of binding constants is a key matter in evaluating the strength of host–guest interactions. However, the profound impact of self‐ion pairing on this parameter is often underrated in aqueous solution, leading in some cases to a misinterpretation of the true potential of supramolecular assemblies. In the present study, we aim to shed further light on this critical factor by exploring the concentration‐dependent behavior of a multicharged pillararene in water. Our observations reveal an extraordinary 1‐million‐fold variability in the affinity of this macrocycle toward a given anion, showcasing the highly dynamic character of electrostatic interactions. We argue that these findings bring to the forefront the inherent determinism that underlies the estimation of affinity constants, a factor profoundly shaped by both the sensitivity of the instrumental technique in use and the intricacies of the experimental design itself. In terms of applications, these results may provide the opportunity to optimize the operational concentrations of multicharged hosts in different scenarios, aiming to achieve their maximum efficiency based on the intended application. Unlocking the potential of this hidden variability may pave the way for the creation of novel molecular materials with advanced functionalities.