Chapter Deals Research Articles

Рецензия на книгу: Кузембайулы А., Абиль Е., Алибек Т. Сибирский улус и казахи: проблемы этнической преемственности и исторической памяти

Results and scientific novelty. The reviewed book consists of four chapters. The first one is devoted to the history of research of the Shaybanids and the Taibugid statehoods in the south of Western Siberia, as well as to the theoretical and methodological approaches to the issues of ethnic history reconstruction in the Russian and Kazakh historical fields. The second chapter deals with “Historical memory as the source of the history of the Siberian ulus”. It presents memory artefacts of the so-called Siberian ulus in the Kazakh epos poetry and in historical legends on “The materials on Kyrgyz land use”. The sources presented here are virtually unknown to Russian researchers and they open new opportunities for the study of some issues of the late medieval Siberian statehood history. The third chapter raises issues of the prehistory of the Siberian ulus, with special attention given to the ulus of Taibugi, the study of whose descendants has recently taken the lead in Kazakh medieval studies. The fourth chapter is devoted to the history of the Siberian ulus, divided into separate stages (13th–14th centuries, the period of the collapse of the Golden Horde, the Siberian Khanate). The reviewed monograph is an important stage in the formation of modern Kazakh historiography on the issues of further study of the late medieval history of Western Siberia. It reveals some new sources, unknown or little known in earlier Russian historical science; there are interesting and original ideas on ethnic relations of the Siberian and Kazakh population and the origin of the Siberian princely dynasty of the Taibugids, which need further reflection. However, ignoring many achievements of the latest Russian historiography and its selective quoting, refusal to build an accurate chronology, skipping entire decades in the generalising conclusions, and the choice of the term “Siberian ulus”, which has not revealed its full potential, raise the question as to what extent the authors were really able to create a quality study on the role of the Shibanid statehood in the history of the formation of the Kazakh people.

Tajaliyyāt al-Ta’āyus al-Mushtarak fī al-Shi’ri al-Arabi al-Mu’asir, Dirāsah Mauduiyah

Coexistence is one of the concepts that has received significant attention in light of contemporary societal changes to achieve the stability of societies and the coexistence of its members in harmony and peace, in addition to its importance at the level of relations between countries. From these starting points, this research aims, through the use of the descriptive analytical method, to shed light on literary texts from the contemporary era that call for coexistence and seek to clarify the elements that unite people and do not separate them based on race or sect. The research tries to answer the following questions: What is the concept of coexistence? What are the images of coexistence in contemporary Arabic poetry? Who are the most important poets who have employed the values of coexistence in their literary works? The first chapter deals with coexistence, its foundations, principles, components, and fruits. The second chapter deals with the patterns of coexistence in contemporary Arabic poetry. It is worth noting that a follower of the texts of contemporary Arabic literature sees the value of coexistence present in various forms and images presented by writers in a way that agrees with their creativity and artistic vision, directly or implicitly. Literary texts play a significant role in establishing human concepts to ensure the establishment of the language of fruitful dialogue and the achievement of cultural and civilizational coexistence between human societies.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ART THERAPY UPON STRESS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN A SELECTED COMMUNITY, BENGALURU, KARNATAKA

Background: Pregnancy is defined as the period from conception to birth. After the egg is fertilized by a sperm and then implanted in the lining of the uterus, it develops into the placenta and embryo and later into foetus. Pregnancy usually lasts for 40 weeks, beginning from the 1st day of the womens last menstrual period and lasting for 3 months. The changes observed in the system from conception to pregnancy, are principally the following namely- amenorrhoea, morning sickness, fatigue, heart burn, increased salivary discharge, occasionally depravity of appetite , headache, irritability of temper, the pressure of increasing pregnancy, protrusion of umbilicus, sometimes, varicose, swellings of the lower extremities, the breast also enlarge, an areola or brown circle is observed around the nipples and a secretion of lymph, composed of milk and water takes place. There had been over 30 million women who have experienced pregnancy and 27 millions have live births in a whole year in India. It also has been estimated that about 21 million girls aged between 15-19 years in developing regions become pregnant and approximately 12 million of them give birth. Stress can be defined as a state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation. Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to address challenges and threats in our lives. It usually happens when a person is in a situation that he or she do not feel like they can manage or control. Stress in pregnancy may lead to higher blood pressure. This puts the pregnant women at risk of serious increased blood pressure, called pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and having a low birth weight infant. Stress may also affect how someone respond to certain situations. There are various reasons which can results stress among pregnant woman. Methods: This chapter deals with the description of research methodology. It is most important in research as it is the framework in conducting study. It indicates general pattern for organizing the procedure together valid and reliable data for investigations. It includes research designs, population and sample, sampling technique, inclusion and exclusion criteria, instruments, data collection and methods of data collection procedure and data analysis plan. Results: Through this study we came to the conclusion that the maximum samples or the pregnant women had somewhat recovered from their increasing level of stress by the interventions of art therapy that was provided to them for fifteen days and also the mean value of the pretest and the post test score is 20.01 and 14.4, respectively.

Selenosulfones, a Meetup of Chalcogens: A Journey Into Their Recent Chemistry

AbstractA mini review focused on the chemistry of selenosulfones reported since 2019 is here presented. Initially, methods aimed to the preparation of such moiety are discussed. Successively 1,2‐, 1,3‐, 1,4‐ and 1,7‐addition reactions to C−C single and multiple bonds are illustrated. The forth chapter focuses on electrophilic aromatic substitutions. The fifth chapter deals with C−H functionalizations while the sixth one shows the reactions with aryl diazonium salts or its precursors. The radical coupling with redox active reagents, is the subject of section seventh. Selenosulfones challenged in nucleophilic substitutions and in reactions with phosphorus‐containing compounds are shown in chapter eight and nine followed by the conclusions and perspectives section.

Task Scheduling by Hybrid Metaheuristic Approach in Cloud Environment

Abstract: Recent advancements in hardware, virtualization technology, distributed computing, and service delivery over the Internet have led to the formation of cloud computing. In a distributed computing platform, the scheduling of task workflow is a well-known NP-hard problem. This becomes more complex and challenging if the virtualized clusters execute a large number of tasks in a cloud computing platform. From low-level execution tasks in multiple processors to high-level execution tasks, many heuristics have been proposed. This chapter deals with the proposed min-min algorithm, max-min algorithm, PSO, and TS. The max-min and min-min algorithms estimate the execution time and overall completion time of all the tasks Then assign the tasks on better suitable resource. PSO is simple and effective in a wide range of applications with low computational cost and fast speed. TS approach is one of the popular local search techniques based on neighborhood search algorithm. TS can be directly applied to any kind of virtual optimization problem.

The Aesthetics of Timurid and Safavid Miniatures

This research studies the aesthetics of Timurid and Safavid miniatures in a comparative manner. The first chapter deals with the research problem, its importance, and defining the most important terms used in it. The research problem included the topic of the aesthetics of Timurid and Safavid miniatures in the drawings of both eras through the artistic works produced by Islamic painting schools, where each school has characteristics that distinguished it from the other. The research problem was overcome through the following question: How did the Muslim artist achieve the miniatures aesthetics in manuscripts for both eras?The II chapter, the theoretical framework, includes four sections: the first on the aesthetics of Islamic art, the second on the art of Islamic miniatures, the third on the most important artistic features of painting (the Timurid era), and the fourth of the (Safavid) era. The third chapter included the research procedures, and the fourth chapter included the results and conclusions.The functional treatment of the concept of space designated for Islamic miniatures came according to a fruitful and sincere artistic and functional emotional approach within the relationships of creation that give it a spiritual feeling due to what the elements of construction have of multiple intellectual meanings and connotations, such as transferring the stories and events that were prevalent at that time, to documenting the style of Islamic architecture and the type of clothing worn by Muslims, the moral and social values that appeared through the interpretation of the movements of people in the Islamic miniature, as came in most of the sample models.

Aristov, V. (2023). Idem-forma: The search of ‘identity in the dissimilar’ in literature and other arts. Moscow, St. Petersburg: Tsent gumanitarnykh initsiativ. (In Russ.)

The central notion in Vladimir Aristov’s book is Idem-forma, advanced by the author for the analysis of literary similarities that are not covered by the traditional comparative terms, e. g., contacts or typology. A physicist and a poet, Aristov undertakes the task of scholarly investigation in the style of an essay. The first three of twelve chapters in his book treat the problem theoretically in a broad context of the modern mind. Nine chapters deal with the cases of the ‘identity in the dissimilar,’ suggesting hypotheses of similarity in poetry, prose, and interdisciplinary affinities. The major cases are those where the similarity, no matter how much open to comparative argumentation, allows for viewing two works in a new light, or establishing a plausible typological parallel between them, as it is done for the novels by A. Platonov and W. Faulkner, M. Bulgakov and T. Mann. Idem-forma is an attempt to attract attention to those literary and artistic events that demand an attentive eye towards similar syntactic and rhythmic patterns in poetry, or plots and characters in prose which do not lie on the surface to be related or explained but are supposed to interact in the domain of world literature.

Co-cultures from Plants and Cyanobacteria: A New Way for Production Systems in Agriculture and Bioprocess Engineering.

Due to the global increase in the world population, it is not possible to ensure a sufficient food supply without additional nitrogen input into the soil. About 30-50% of agricultural yields are due to the use of chemical fertilizers in modern times. However, overfertilization threatens biodiversity, such as nitrogen-loving, fast-growing species overgrow others. The production of artificial fertilizers produces nitrogen oxides, which act as greenhouse gases. In addition, overfertilization of fields also releases ammonia, which damages surface waters through acidification and eutrophication. Diazotrophic cyanobacteria, which usually form a natural, stable biofilm, can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and release it into the environment. Thus, they could provide an alternative to artificial fertilizers. In addition to this, biofilms stabilize soils and thus protect against soil erosion and desiccation. This chapter deals with the potential of cyanobacteria as the use of natural fertilizer is described. Possible partners such as plants and callus cells and the advantages of artificial co-cultivation will be discussed later. In addition, different cultivation systems for studying artificial co-cultures will be presented. Finally, the potential of artificial co-cultures in the agar industry will be discussed.

The Impact of the Holy Quran on Children's Upbringing and Behavior

This research aims to study the impact of the Holy Quran on the socialization and behavior of children, particularly that behavior modification is one of the fundamental goals of the Holy Quran and the Islamic Sharia law which seek to correct human life. The Holy Quran, indeed, is the source of instruction and safety for humanity. Children differ in their behavior and while some of them may even need family or social intervention due to their bad or wrong behaviors, others may not. This study, thus, investigates the impact of the Holy Quran on modifying children’s wrong behaviors and promoting positive ones. The study adopts the analytical descriptive approach. It consists of an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion: the first chapter deals with the positive and negative behaviors of children, and the second chapter discusses the impact of the Holy Qur’an in disciplining children’s behavior; followed by the research conclusion and recommendations which include the varieties of methods to rectify and modify child behavior introduced in the Holy Quran, being the doctrine of life, thought and awareness for humanity. Keywords: The Holy Quran, behavior, children, upbringing

Tenets and Methods of Fractal Analysis (1/f Noise).

This chapter deals with the methodical challenges confronting researchers of the fractal phenomenon known as pink or 1/f noise. This chapter introduces concepts and statistical techniques for identifying fractal patterns in empirical time series. It defines some basic statistical terms, describes two essential characteristics of pink noise (self-similarity and long memory), and outlines four parameters representing the theoretical properties of fractal processes: the Hurst coefficient (H), the scaling exponent (α), the power exponent (β), and the fractional differencing parameter (d) of the ARFIMA (autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average) method. Then, it compares and evaluates different approaches to estimating fractal parameters from observed data and outlines the advantages, disadvantages, and constraints of some popular estimators. The final section of this chapter answers the questions: Which strategy is appropriate for the identification of fractal noise in empirical settings and how can it be applied to the data?

Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations.

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a rare entity of vascular anomalies, characteristic of anatomical shunting where arterial blood directly flows into the venous circulation. The main aim of the active treatment policy of brain AVMs is the prevention of haemorrhage. There are well-established treatment strategies that continually improve in their safety and efficacy, primarily due to the advances in imaging modalities, targeted and novel techniques, the development of alternative treatment approaches, and even better experience with the disease itself. There are interesting imaging novelties that may be prospectively applicable in the decision-making and planning of the most effective treatment approach for individual patients with intracranial AVM. Surgery is often considered the first-line treatment; however, each patient should be evaluated individually, and the risks of the active treatment policy should not overcome the benefits of the spontaneous natural history of the disease. All treatment modalities, i.e., surgery, radiosurgery, endovascular embolization, and observation, are justified but need to be meticulously selected for each individual patient in order to deliver the best treatment outcome. This chapter deals with historical and currently applied dogmas, followed by introductions of advances in each available treatment modality of AVM management.

Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein: Preparation, Validation, and Use in Cell Models.

Lipoproteins in plasma are constituted by the least dense chylomicron, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that can be separated using commercially available medium such as iodixanol. Iodixanol constitutes the self-generated density gradient to fractionate lipoproteins by rapid ultracentrifugation method, replacing time-consuming protocols. Filling the centrifuge tubes is technically easier and faster than layering salt gradients and is reproducible. The separated lipoproteins by this method are closest to the native state with 80 to 100% recovery possible. Low-density lipoprotein is the major carrier of cholesterol in systemic circulation. The plasma isolated LDL is purified to be used as native LDL and for the preparation of oxidized LDL (oxLDL). The oxLDL is characterized for its oxidation, by various methods based on assay of the lipid and protein oxidation products such as TBARS, conjugated diene formation, and by other methods such as agarose gel electrophoresis. Rapid isolation of LDL particles from human plasma is useful for lipid peroxidation studies, characterization of subclass for functional studies and clinical correlation especially in cardiovascular diseases apart from lipidomic, and proteomic studies. OxLDL preparations are done in vitro chiefly based on copper-induced oxidation; glucose and other prooxidants. Which are used for various studies using animal model and in vitro cell modelsespecially to understand macrophage-mediated atheroma formation, vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, cell signaling studies has scope for extensive researchin metabolic dysfunction of various cells.This chapter deals with one of the applications in the in vitro cell models using macrophage (THP-1 cell line) and human retinal pigment epithelial cell (ARPE-19 cell line) to study the oxLDL uptake using fluorescently labeled oxidized LDL (DiI-oxLDL).

Photo-Excited Dyes: Emerging Technique Against Tau Protein Aggregation.

Tau aggregates are considered a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The screening of molecules against Tau aggregation is a novel strategy for Alzheimer's disease. The photo-excited molecules have proven to be effective as a therapeutic agent in several diseases. In recent studies, the photo-excited dyes showed an inhibitory effect on Alzheimer's disease-related Tau protein aggregation and toxicity. The present chapter deals with the effect of rose bengal on the aggregation of Tau. The in vitro studies carried out with the help of electron microscopy, ThS fluorescence, and circular dichroism suggested that RB attenuated the Tau aggregation under in vitro conditions, whereas PE-RB disaggregated the mature Tau fibrils. Photo-excited rose bengal and the classicalrose bengal induced a low degree of toxicity in cells. Thus, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the rose bengal could be considered a potential molecule.

Tacitova sentencioznost / Tacitus’ Sententiousness

This work focuses on sententia, a rhetorical element which Tacitus skillfully incorporated into Annals. The introduction provides a brief history of sententia and its definition in ancient and rhetorical theory. As Tacitus belonged to a specific literary style (Seneca’s “new style”), his way of writing was characterized by short and antithetical sentences, stylistic and rhetorical embellishments, unusual word choices, and a predilection for proverbial or sententious observations. Such sententious expression, as a hallmark of the sublime style, reinforced the impression of truth in Annals. In a pessimistic tone, the historian speaks about human greatness as well as weaknesses, and their role throughout history. To better understand Tacitus’ sententiousness, the second chapter discusses the general aspects and specificities of sententiae in Annals. The general aspects include themes and social issues, i.e. social deviations that the historian dealt with in his sententiae. As sententiae were used to reveal deeper truths, their use has been called “rhetoric of disclosure” by some, while others, due to their connection to historical context, call it “sociological rhetoric”. The specificities of Tacitus’ sententiae relate to their form, grammatical-syntactical, and stylistic properties. The third chapter deals with the structuring technique of sententiae in Annals, which in Tacitus’ case, is related to historical context. Their function was to portray various historical personalities, as well as for the historian to express his own view of history. Wth that in mind, they were classified as sententiae in the speeches of historical personalities or sententiae used in direct narration. In addition to classification, a linguistic-stylistic analysis was carried out, revealing many stylistic and rhetorical figures, as well as poetic expressions. Based on the analysis of selected material, certain conclusions about sententiae were drawn. In addition to their moral and ethical content, we noticed the general, as well as specific aspects of sententiae, their structuring technique, function, and classification, as well as their epigrammatic and poetic stylization in Tacitus’ Annals.

Растения философов: Интеллектуальный гербарий (Травинки Лейбница (глава 7), Тюльпан Канта (глава 8))

The seventh chapter is dedicated to Gottfried Leibniz. In a letter to the English philosopher Samuel Clark, Leibniz recalls the episode in the park in connection with his famous principle of the identity of the indistinguishable, or simply "Leibniz's law". The futile search for two exactly identical leaves or blades of grass highlights a metaphysical principle that extends to the smallest elements of nature. If there are not two exactly the same, then they all bear the stamp of uniqueness and individuality, ultimately going back to the wisdom of the Creator. The ethical implications of this ontological axiom are obvious: to destroy a leaf, let alone a whole plant, means to get rid of something that will never appear again in exactly the same form. If there are many species of plants and if each species includes a myriad of subspecies, it is because they all must exist to actualize the infinite possibilities of Divine self-expression. The loss of biological diversity diminishes the richness of manifestations that God finds in the world. From the real park, the philosopher leads us into an allegorical garden depicting his understanding of matter. In paragraph 67 of Monadology, he urges us to imagine every part of matter like a garden full of plants and a pond full of fish. But every branch of a plant, every member of an animal, every drop of its juices is again the same garden or the same pond. Each part of matter, accordingly, is a garden within a garden within a garden — and so on ad infinitum. Thus, it can be said that the plant, as its capabilities become more relevant, expresses (a) the world, (b) God's vegetable view of (a), and (c) essence. As a non-verbal sign, it is oversaturated with meaning, it is entrusted to bear the weight of theological and metaphysical entities partially revealed through it. One can only welcome the philosopher's bold assumption that a plant is not a passive object available for manipulation by humans and animals, but a subject endowed with the ability to act. However, the weak point of this statement lies in the double comparison of animals with humans and plants with animals. The standard that all other living beings must meet is hopelessly anthropocentric, since it implies that animals are less perfect people, and plants are less perfect animals. Thus, an ancient metaphysical prejudice creeps into the philosophical system, which boldly put forward the vegetative idea of infinite matter and the expressive uniqueness of each leaf and each blade of grass. The eighth chapter deals with Immanuel Kant. In his penchant for abstraction, Kant reduces flowers to specimens of pure color, and tulips seem to him the purest of all. Its simple form does not distract us from the beauty of its pure color, and in this it perfectly matches the asceticism of Kant's philosophy and the austere splendor of his aesthetic thought. Kant views tulips as examples of completeness «belonging to no purpose», where by «purpose» he means those practical tasks associated with economic activity in the broad sense of the word. The meaning and essence of the tulip varies according to the field in which we encounter it: as a natural object of study and scientific inquiry, as a useful object of our practical interest, or as an alluring embodiment of the beautiful. In his personal writings of the 1760s, Kant defends the thesis that a plant is possible only in accordance with an idea, defining the latter as the a priori cognition of the understanding by which an object becomes possible. If the material aspects of human existence, according to Kant, do not deserve respect, then even less do non-human animals and plants, which have no share in the rationality of transcendental subjects. There is only one possibility of placing plants and animals under the umbrella of Kantian respect, and it has to do with human self-respect. Kant does not abandon the idea that flowers are vital links in the chain of plant reproduction by which the genus is preserved. In flowers, and in aesthetics in general, Kant sees a utopian prefiguration of human freedom. When he calls flowers «free beauty», he means their liberation from both natural necessity and conceptual understanding.

Environmental protection between pollution, protection and legislation

Environmental pollution is a big problem for all countries of the world, especially developing countries. Pollution is very present in our country and manifests itself through air, water and soil pollution, but also the increased presence of noise, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in the environment. Environmental protection is an area of great interest for citizens and competent authorities, especially in the perspective of European integration, and represents a major challenge for the authorities of each country. The environment is one of the most important chapters in the negotiations for accession to the European Union (EU). This chapter deals with EU and Republic of Srpska regulations, with an analysis of the situation in various areas of the environment. It is the obligation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Srpska to implement the aforementioned regulations into the national legislation. A major problem of environmental management is the implementation and application of regulations due to various factors such as: the state of industrial development, national policy, financial situation, lack of trained personnel and laboratories, etc.

Proving the involvement of legal entities – credit institutions – in ‘stand-alone’ money-laundering cases

"In a number of European Union countries, there have been cases where credit institutions and their infrastructure are used for money laundering, and the Republic of Latvia is no exception. The purpose of this article is to analyse the national and international legal frameworks in the field of autonomous money laundering, paying special attention to the use of the indirect proof method for proving the involvement of credit institutions in money laundering and the customer control mechanism implemented by credit institutions. The article has an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter of the article examines the national and international legal framework in the field of money laundering, the second chapter analyses ‘stand-alone’ money laundering and its proof, or the importance of indirect evidence in crimes of money laundering, and the third chapter deals with the identification of money laundering in credit institutions in the Republic of Latvia. Generally recognized scientific research methods, as well as legal interpretation methods, were used in the preparation of the article. Keywords: coercive measures, indirect proof method, ‘stand-alone’."

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ART THERAPY UPON STRESS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN A SELECTED COMMUNITY, BENGALURU KARNATAKA BY THE STUDENT OF SMT.NAGARATHNAMMA COLLEGE OF NURSING

Background: Pregnancy is defined as the period from conception to birth. After the egg is fertilized by a sperm and then implanted in the lining of the uterus, it develops into the placenta and embryo and later into foetus. Pregnancy usually lasts for 40 weeks, beginning from the 1st day of the womens last menstrual period and lasting for 3 months. The changes observed in the system from conception to pregnancy, are principally the following namely- amenorrhoea, morning sickness, fatigue, heart burn, increased salivary discharge, occasionally depravity of appetite , headache, irritability of temper, the pressure of increasing pregnancy, protrusion of umbilicus, sometimes, varicose, swellings of the lower extremities, the breast also enlarge, an areola or brown circle is observed around the nipples and a secretion of lymph, composed of milk and water takes place. Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to address challenges and threats in our lives. It usually happens when a person is in a situation that he or she do not feel like they can manage or control. Stress in pregnancy may lead to higher blood pressure. This puts the pregnant women at risk of serious increased blood pressure, called pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and having a low birth weight infant. Method: This chapter deals with the description of research methodology. It is most important in research as it is the framework in conducting study. It indicates general pattern for organizing the procedure together valid and reliable data for investigations. It includes research designs, population and sample, sampling technique, inclusion and exclusion criteria, instruments, data collection and methods of data collection procedure and data analysis plan. Results :Through this study we came to the conclusion that the maximum samples or the pregnant women had somewhat recovered from their increasing level of stress by the interventions of art therapy that was provided to them for fifteen days and also the mean value of the pretest and the post test score is 20.01 and 14.4, respectively.

Empowering NCLAT: The Review Revolution

NCLT is an established quasi-judicial body responsible for resolving civil corporate disputes brought about by the Companies Act. It was established under the Companies Act of 2013, and it has a number of powers and functions, including approving various schemes of arrangement and reconstruction, compounding offenses under the Companies Act, protecting shareholders, removing directors, and other powers and functions as provided for under the Companies Act of 2013 and other applicable laws. Its jurisdiction incorporates different company law issues as well as Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) Cases. Class action lawsuits may be considered by it, and decisions made by it may be challenged before the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) and, in certain situations, before the Supreme Court of India. Recalling a judgment often entails nullifying or reversing a court's ruling, frequently due to erroneous factual or procedural interpretations. It is a prerogative that the Tribunal naturally possesses, as stated under Rule 11. This chapter deals with the recent overriding judgment (Union Bank of India (Erstwhile Corporation Bank) vs. Dinkar T. Venkatasubramanian & Ors [(2023) ibclaw. in 381 NCLAT]) of the NCLAT’s reviewing power by referring to the previous judgment of Union Bank of India V. Financial Creditors of M/s. Amtek Auto Ltd. & Ors encourage readers to read the current judgment's contrast section, which asks, what would happen if NCLAT had the authority to review its decision?

The NCS code of practice for the quality assurance of treatment planning systems (NCS-35)

A subcommittee of the Netherlands Commission on Radiation Dosimetry (NCS) was initiated in 2018 with the task to update and extend a previous publication (NCS-15) on the quality assurance of treatment planning systems (TPS) (Bruinvis et al 2005). The field of treatment planning has changed considerably since 2005. Whereas the focus of the previous report was more on the technical aspects of the TPS, the scope of this report is broader with a focus on a department wide implementation of the TPS. New sections about education, automated planning, information technology (IT) and updates are therefore added. Although the scope is photon therapy, large parts of this report will also apply to all other treatment modalities. This paper is a condensed version of these guidelines; the full version of the report in English is freely available from the NCS website (http://radiationdosimetry.org/ncs/publications). The paper starts with the scope of this report in relation to earlier reports on this subject. Next, general aspects of the commissioning process are addressed, like e.g. project management, education, and safety. It then focusses more on technical aspects such as beam commissioning and patient modeling, dose representation, dose calculation and (automated) plan optimisation. The final chapters deal with IT-related subjects and scripting, and the process of updating or upgrading the TPS.