Changing Priorities Research Articles

Тенденции влияния «Группы семи/восьми» на глобальное климатическое управление

This article reviews the changing priorities and commitments of the Group of 7 (G7) and Group of 8 (G8) on climate change and energy security and highlights the trends of their influence on the global climate agenda. The main research method is content analysis of the groups’ documents adopted from 2005 to 2023. The study reveals that, at all stages of cooperation, the G7 endeavoured to secure commitments from emerging market and developing countries to increase their contributions to emissions reduction and accelerate the transition to a low carbon economy. As early as 2009, the advanced countries sought to prevent carbon leakages, regarding a comprehensive climate agreement in Copenhagen as a possible solution. The main principles, priorities, and tasks for attaining global energy security were defined in the 2006 leaders’ statement on global energy security and the St Petersburg action plan. The G7’s Rome and Hamburg initiatives on energy security, adopted after the G8’s suspension, in essence continued the course toward building competitive, diversified, sustainable, and low carbon energy systems, but without Russia. The new paradigm determined a different hierarchy of priorities: promotion of flexible gas markets, including more integrated liquified natural gas (LNG) markets, regulatory and public funding support of investment in energy infrastructure that cannot be built according to market rules, development of oil and natural gas resources from unconventional sources, and enhanced cooperation on critical infrastructure, transit routes, supply chains, and transport. This course was consolidated in subsequent years and entered a new stage in 2022. Since 2021, the G7 has been increasing efforts to renew the global rules and to shape new mechanisms and institutes of global climate governance. The establishment of the climate club, Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs), the Partnership for Global Infrastructure Investment (PGII), adoption of the principles of high integrity carbon markets, and the setting up of new engagement and containment platforms increase the risk of a fragmentation of the established climate governance system and its gradual substitution by a new order functioning in the interests of the G7 and its allies. In view of these risks it is necessary to deepen cooperation with the BRICS+ group led by Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa and other emerging market and developing countries to coordinate and promote within the key multilateral institutions, including the United Nations (UN), the Group of 20 (G20), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), a concerted position on the inadmissibility of eroding the existing global climate governance system with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at its centre or the use of climate goals and regulation as protectionist and discriminative instruments, and to advance practical implementation of the principle of common but differential responsibility

Development of the conceptual model of Social Tree of Health: a tool for understanding the comprehensive health system, analyzing the current situation, and identifying priorities for change

Development of the conceptual model of Social Tree of Health: a tool for understanding the comprehensive health system, analyzing the current situation, and identifying priorities for change

The Changing Ambitions of Workers: Adapting Leadership for Today's Reality

Recent research suggests workers' career ambitions are changing, with fewer aspiring to top executive roles like CEO. This article explores the implications of shifting ambitions for organizational leadership strategies. Research from McKinsey and others finds only 3 in 10 workers today want C-suite careers, down from previous generations where climbing the corporate ladder was standard. Societal factors like economic instability and greater valuation of work-life balance, as well as generational preferences for meaningful work and flexibility over prestige roles, help explain changing priorities. To optimize talent management amid these trends, the author recommends companies realign leadership strategies, talent practices, and culture. Distributed leadership models, non-linear career paths focused on skills development, and culture emphasizing purpose, learning, and well-being can better engage modern workers who prioritize autonomy, growth, and impact over rigid hierarchy. Industry examples demonstrate how redefining success and expanding career definitions can boost retention, diversity, and collaboration.

The essence and assessment of modern industrial policy

The state of modern economy is exposed to significant challenges from geopolitical risks and transformation of the process of industrial development, which requires determining the conditions for implementing modern industrial policy and changing directions and priorities of industrial development. Improvement of the ways of production, development of the system of social institutions takes place when solving the issues related to the development of science underlying the formation of new industries. The subject of the study is the transformation of industrial policy features in modern economy at various levels of interaction between government and business. The article examines the changes in industrial development and corresponding transformation of industrial policy tools in import substitution development. The study aims at determining the relationships between the directions and levels of implementing industrial policy in accordance with system analysis and identifying the key features in the relationship between business structures and the state. The theories of industrial development and the concepts of resource and process approaches to industrial development and implementation of innovative industrial policy provide the methodological basis of the study. The study uses the methods of system analysis and synthesis in identifying the key relationships between business structures and the state in achieving the goals of industrial development. The study defines the transformation of types, tools and system of indicators of industrial policy under the sanction pressure on the economy, identifies the possibilities of using the matrix system in managing industrial development, implemented at three levels (macro-, meso- and microeconomic) in interaction of business structures and public authorities, assesses the possibility of forming and conducting conservative industrial policy in the lack of scientific research funding. The findings can be used in assessing the priorities, directions and transformation of the tools used to implement an innovative model of industrial policy in the Russian economy, in the development of import substitution and formation of new industries, to form an effective interaction of innovation process and the process of industrial development of the national economy.

Dual career in the workplace: co-creation of a conceptual framework by employers and employee-sportspersons incorporating corporate social responsibility and brand alignment.

The purpose of this study was to provide an evidence base and conceptual framework to inform new guidelines for achieving a balance between sports and employment commitments (i.e., dual career, DC) of the employee-sportspersons. To shape a DC discourse in the workplace, the distinct and combined views of the employee-sportspersons (i.e., the Employee), the managers (i.e., the Employer) were considered. Following a concept mapping methodology, 257 international participants (25% employers and 75% employee-sportspersons) sorted and rated 50 potential statements associated with DC circumstances and supports in the workplace. Six distinct clusters emerged, with the combined employers-employee co-creation scenario assigning 6 statements to the micro dimension (Cluster 1 = Workplace Benefits), 4 statements to the meso dimension (Cluster 2 = Role of National Sports Governing Bodies), 19 statements to the macro dimension (Cluster 3 = Dual Career Policy Development), 4 and 5 statements to the organizational dimensions (Cluster 4 = Employee-Employer Collaboration and Responsibility; Cluster 5 = Sport Career Integration), and 12 statements to the policy (Cluster 6 = Workplace Strategies for Dual Career Support) dimension. With respect to the employers, the employee-sportspersons showed higher scores (p < 0.05) for importance of clusters 2, 4, and 6, and for feasibility of clusters 2 and 6. These findings suggest priorities for changes within the DC dimensions identified, and envisage flexible models for aligning corporate brand values and corporate social responsibility strategies through meaningful and proactive DC support of the employee-sportspersons in the workplace. The findings provide a rigorously derived evidence base to inform the formulation of new DC workplace guidelines.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing treatment for opioid use disorder in community hospitals

IntroductionMethadone and buprenorphine are effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), yet they are vastly under-utilized across US hospitals. To inform a national trial assessing the effectiveness of implementation strategies to increase adoption of an inpatient hospital-based opioid treatment (HBOT) model (NCT04921787), we explored barriers and facilitators to expanding medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) within community hospitals across the United States. MethodsFrom November 2021 to March 2022, we used purposeful and snowball sampling to identify and interview participants involved in inpatient care of patients with OUD from twelve community hospitals. We conducted semi-structured interviews on providers' experiences and perspectives on current treatment approaches as well as potential influences on MOUD expansion in their hospitals. We used thematic analysis to identify key barriers and facilitators that could impact implementation of an HBOT model, and organized these findings based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). ResultsFrom qualitative interviews with 57 participants (30 physicians, 7 pharmacists, 6 nurses, and 14 professionals involved in the care of patients with OUD), we identified key barriers and facilitators mapped to CFIR's internal and outer settings. The most salient inner setting domains included tension for change and relative priority, compatibility, available resources, organizational culture, access to knowledge and information, relational connections and communications, and information technology infrastructure. Outer setting domains included policies and laws, financing, and partnerships and connections. ConclusionsIdentifying potential barriers and facilitators can inform hospital-specific strategies to support implementation of HBOT. Implementation strategies that address barriers such as staff availability, knowledge, and attitudes may support increased HBOT adoption. On a broader scale, national policy changes such as increased financing and public reporting of quality metrics would address other barriers we identified and may also encourage hospitals to adopt HBOT models.

Four Decades of Research Productivity and Hot Spots in Pancreas Transplantation.

Background: The field of pancreas transplantation has undergone transformative phases, progressing from its promising inception in 1966 to becoming a standard treatment for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. This bibliometric analysis explores the progression of pancreas transplantation research over a period of four decades, mapping milestones, contributors, and emerging trends. Methods: Our bibliometric analysis utilizes the comprehensive Scopus database, which includes publication titles, author information, affiliations, abstracts, keywords, and journal details. The search strategy was centered on research related to pancreas and pancreas-kidney transplantation. The analysis encompasses the time frame spanning from 1983 to 2023, with the data extraction taking place on October 7th, 2023. Results: The analysis of 4,897 articles uncovered unique trends in the field of pancreas transplantation research. The years 1989, 1996, and 2021 saw significant increases in the number of publications, which corresponded to the responses to clinical challenges and advancements. Contributions by authors from the United States of America were the most numerous, with 1,905 publications and 49,949 citations. The research topics were highlighted by keywords such as "graft survival," "graft rejection," and" Immunosuppressive treatment." Conclusion: The fluctuations in publication trends that have been identified indicate dynamic reactions to changing priorities and challenges. Although it has limitations, this analysis provides valuable insights for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers who are dealing with the complex field of pancreas transplantation literature. Further bibliometric research may advance our knowledge and direct future initiatives in this developing field.

Are restoration plans missing the target? Land tenure and cyclone risks reshuffles priorities for mangrove restoration

Coastal wetlands, vital for fisheries habitats, have suffered extensive losses. Ecosystem restoration offers opportunities to improve fish catch and restore the valuable services these ecosystems provide. Successful restoration is dependent on choosing a site where restoration is feasible, which encompasses biophysical, social, governance, logistical, and resource factors. However, factors that influence feasibility such as land tenure (governance feasibility) and future climate risks (biophysical feasibility) are often overlooked in quantitative analyses of site selection. We ask how spatial priorities for restoration change when considering how feasibility is affected by land tenure, cyclone risk, and both factors together. Specifically, we analyzed a case‐study of mangrove restoration to improve fish catch in Queensland, where there is interest in restoring coastal habitats to support fish habitats. We found that the rank order of planning units by restoration feasibility was highly influenced by both land tenure and cyclones, with cyclones changing ranks with clustered regions along the coastline and land tenure variably changing ranks throughout. In planning units where fisheries benefit is expected to be high, but cyclone risk substantially reduces restoration feasibility, practitioners could consider strategically planting mangroves near established mangrove forest and selecting resilient species for restoration. Formalizing regulations for incentives to private land holders and amending legislation for easier permitting are additional suggestions for addressing land tenure challenges. Our study emphasizes the importance of systematic approaches to considering feasibility in spatial planning for restoration to minimize the risk of failure.

Impact of changing urban form and production-living-ecological space on changing ecosystem services of a smart city of Eastern India, Durgapur.

Worldwide land use land cover (LULC) transformation become a serious issue in the last few decades due to its immense importance in environmental and human well-being perspectives. Expansion of urban areas at the expense of natural land covers and changing urban form is mainly responsible for changing environmental conditions. This study focused on identifying the impacts of LULC change on environmental conditions through the assessment of changing ecosystem services (ESs) of the Durgapur Municipal Corporation (DMC) from 1990 to 2020. Changing ESs are assessed based on changing urban forms and production-living-ecological space (PLES) components. Results found that the compactness of urban areas is increasing along with the outward expansion. The core urban area of DMC has risen from 8.11% to 30.11% during 1990-2020. Similarly, living space increased from 15.57% to 42.60%, production space decreased from 53.06% to 25.59%, and ecological space fluctuated from 1990 to 2020. This transformation of PLES components negatively affects DMC's environmental condition, affecting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These significant results may be utilized to understand changing environmental conditions and priority issues for DMC's future sustainable urban development.

Managing Employability Challenges among Graduates: The Role of Curricula Reforms

This study examined how curricula reforms address employability challenges among graduates in Tanzania. A mixed method approach was used and data was collected through questionnaires and interviews from 243 participants. The research found that curricula reforms significantly enhance employability skills of graduates. It also showed that curricula reforms deal with employability challenges by ensuring that education is relevant to the needs of the labour market, respond to 21st century demands and expectations, give relevant skills, and promote global competences. Thus, it was concluded that effective needs assessment is the basis for designing curricula reforms to align educational practices with the real job market requirements. Regular curricula reforms are recommended to ensure relevance and quality, adapting to changing demands and priorities of the nation and the labour market. The study suggests the establishment of a competence framework that ensures consistent alignment of education with relevant employability skills.

New People for the Old Empire: Russian Policy of Citizenship in the Occupied Territories of Ukraine and Beyond

ABSTRACT The Russian citizenship policy toward Ukrainian citizens, both in Russia and in the occupied Ukrainian territories, underwent significant transformation during periods of grey zone conflict and conventional war. We argue that the citizenship policy, which manifests itself in ‘passportization,’ is a function of Russian military—political tactics on the battlefield and the changing priorities of its policy of entrenchment in occupied territories. Russia’s citizenship policy is a comprehensive set of direct and indirect mechanisms that encourage Ukrainians to obtain Russian citizenship, which, in the long-term perspective, represents an obstacle to any attempts at de-occupation and reintegration of territories with Ukraine.

‘It depends on where you were born…here in the North East, there’s not really many job opportunities compared to in the South’: young people’s perspectives on a North-South health divide and its drivers in England, UK

BackgroundImproving the public’s understanding of how regional and socioeconomic inequalities create and perpetuate inequalities in health, is argued to be necessary for building support for policies geared towards creating a more equal society. However, research exploring public perceptions of health inequalities, and how they are generated, is limited. This is particularly so for young people. Our study sought to explore young people’s lived experiences and understandings of health inequalities.MethodsWe carried out focus group discussions (n = 18) with 42 young people, aged 13–21, recruited from six youth organisations in England in 2021. The organisations were located in areas of high deprivation in South Yorkshire, the North East and London. Young people from each organisation took part in three interlinked focus group discussions designed to explore their (i) perceptions of factors impacting their health in their local area, (ii) understandings of health inequalities and (iii) priorities for change. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, most discussions took place online (n = 15). However, with one group in the North East, we carried out discussions face-to-face (n = 3). Data were analysed thematically and we used NVivo-12 software to facilitate data management.ResultsYoung people from all groups demonstrated an awareness of a North-South divide in England, UK. They described how disparities in local economies and employment landscapes between the North and the South led to tangible differences in everyday living and working conditions. They clearly articulated how these differences ultimately led to inequalities in people’s health and wellbeing, such as linking poverty and employment precarity to chronic stress. Young people did not believe these inequalities were inevitable. They described the Conservative government as prioritising the South and thus perpetuating inequalities through uneven investment.ConclusionsOur study affords important insights into young people’s perceptions of how wider determinants can help explain the North-South health divide in England. It demonstrates young people’s contextualised understandings of the interplay between spatial, social and health inequalities. Our findings support calls for pro-equity policies to address the structural causes of regional divides in health. Further research, engaging young people in deliberative policy analysis, could build on this work.

Towards comprehensive mental health promotion in Australian universities: A call to action with priorities for institutional change.

While comprehensive mental health promotion inherently involves individuals, there is an ongoing need to address large-scale determinants of people's mental health and wellbeing-particularly policies and environments. To have the best possible chance of creating positive change, mental health promotion must also work throughout key mediating structures such as places of education and work. This includes universities. Yet, in their efforts to address student and staff mental health and wellbeing, Australian universities have demonstrated limited uptake of comprehensive mental health promotion approaches. In this commentary, I discuss a recent review of Australia's higher education system-the Australian Universities Accord-as a catalyst for strengthening institutional action and change through a comprehensive mental health promotion lens. I discuss key findings-and silences-made clear throughout the review process. I then advocate several urgent priorities for university-level change-across institutional assessment, institutional accountability and performance, and institutional leadership and power-if Australia's universities are genuinely committed to improving mental health and wellbeing among students and staff.

Network mapping of climate change priorities in USA: golden cut bipolar q-ROFSs

The purpose of this study is to identify affordable and clean energy-based climate change priorities in USA for the sustainable development. Five factors that can influence clean energy-based sustainable development are weighted with Multi step wise weight assessment ratio analysis approach. Furthermore, selected priorities for the climate change goal of sustainable development are evaluated. The novelty of this study is presenting affordable and clean energy-based climate change priorities for the sustainable development by considering an original fuzzy decision-making model based on M-SWARA and ELECTRE with bipolar q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets and golden cut. Because they include both membership, non-membership and hesitancy, it can be possible to perform more effective analysis. This issue helps to reach more reliable results. The main findings solve the problem that government support has the greatest weight with respect to the clean energy-based sustainable development.

Drowning and disasters: climate change priorities

Drowning and disasters: climate change priorities

Current and Near-Term Earth-Observing Environmental Satellites, Their Missions, Characteristics, Instruments, and Applications.

Among the essential tools to address global environmental information requirements are the Earth-Observing (EO) satellites with free and open data access. This paper reviews those EO satellites from international space programs that already, or will in the next decade or so, provide essential data of importance to the environmental sciences that describe Earth's status. We summarize factors distinguishing those pioneering satellites placed in space over the past half century, and their links to modern ones, and the changing priorities for spaceborne instruments and platforms. We illustrate the broad sweep of instrument technologies useful for observing different aspects of the physio-biological aspects of the Earth's surface, spanning wavelengths from the UV-A at 380 nanometers to microwave and radar out to 1 m. We provide a background on the technical specifications of each mission and its primary instrument(s), the types of data collected, and examples of applications that illustrate these observations. We provide websites for additional mission details of each instrument, the history or context behind their measurements, and additional details about their instrument design, specifications, and measurements.

Facilitators of and barriers to County Behavioral Health System Transformation and Innovation: an interview study

BackgroundInadequate and inequitable access to quality behavioral health services and high costs within the mental health systems are long-standing problems. System-level (e.g., fee-for-service payment model, lack of a universal payor) and individual factors (e.g., lack of knowledge of existing resources) contribute to difficulties in accessing resources and services. Patients are underserved in County behavioral health systems in the United States. Orange County’s (California) Behavioral Health System Transformation project sought to improve access by addressing two parts of their system: developing a template for value-based contracts that promote payor-agnostic care (Part 1); developing a digital platform to support resource navigation (Part 2). Our aim was to evaluate facilitators of and barriers to each of these system changes.MethodsWe collected interview data from County or health care agency leaders, contracted partners, and community stakeholders. Themes were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.ResultsFive themes were identified related to behavioral health system transformation, including 1) aligning goals and values, 2) addressing fit, 3) fostering engagement and partnership, 4) being aware of implementation contexts, and 5) promoting communication. A lack of fit into incentive structures and changing state guidelines and priorities were barriers to contract development. Involving diverse communities to inform design and content facilitated the process of developing digital tools.ConclusionsThe study highlights the multifaceted factors that help facilitate or hinder behavioral health system transformation, such as the need for addressing systematic and process behaviors, leveraging the knowledge of leadership and community stakeholders, fostering collaboration, and adapting to implementation contexts.

Tourism Policies and Performance of Nigerian Heritage Sites

Background: Tourism policies have a significant impact on the preservation, promotion, and overall performance of heritage sites for both domestic and international tourists. This review provides insights into the entities responsible for tourism policy formulation, the policy objective, and how the stated objectives are being realized while shedding light on their implications for sustainability, economic growth, and cultural preservation. The main objective of Nigeria's tourism policy is to protect and improve the nation's natural and cultural heritage. Many activities aimed at encouraging tourism development include planning, provision of infrastructure, taxation regime that supports tourism growth, education and training for tourism employees, marketing, legislation and regulation in order to protect and preserve tourist facilities as well as the country's natural resources, historical and cultural assets. The critical concern is the enforcement and effectiveness of regulations, specifically the probability of a policy successfully promoting sustainable and viable tourism development and management. Aims: This paper therefore investigates the influence of tourism policies on the performance of heritage sites in Nigeria and the need for policy review for improved performance of Nigerian heritage sites. Methodology: The qualitative research paradigm emerged from a comprehensive review of tourism policy literature in Nigeria. The examination of documents and research projects focused on various aspects of tourism policy planning and governance, policy formulation, policy objectives, and their implications for sustainability, economic growth, and natural/cultural heritage preservation. In the data analysis, the comprehensive review were presented with an interpretative narrative. Results: The findings revealed that Nigeria's tourism policy seeks to empower the tourism industry and position it as a key driver of economic growth, job creation, and cultural heritage preservation. However, the policy's ability to achieve its goals optimally has been significantly hampered by lack of relevant mechanisms to measure overall levels of compliance, overreliance on petroleum resources, poor planning, and inadequate participation of relevant stakeholders in policy formulation, implementation, and monitoring. Conclusion: Despite policies and frameworks, Nigeria's tourism sector, including cultural heritage sites, has failed to reach its goals, losing the economy numerous potential benefits. In order to address the current circumstances and ensure successful heritage site design, development, and management in Nigeria, there is an urgent need for revision of the country’s tourism policy objectives and adequate enforcement measures implemented to adapt to changing circumstances and priorities.

How to (mis)align participatory approaches with the everyday life? Construction of an improved cookstove in India

Improved cookstoves aimed at reducing exposure to indoor air pollution have had a lasting presence in development and health discussions. Through this article we contribute to current debates in the field by reflecting on our experiences during a cookstove participatory project in two ‘non-notified’ communities, or ‘slums,’ in Bangalore, India. We interrogate the alignment between some of the central tenets and methods of participation and the lived experiences of participating communities. The current predominant recommendations focus on developing and implementing cookstoves tailored for user needs. Yet, the project implementation entered a space of uncertainty where the priorities and needs of participants were diverse and changing. While urban infrastructures related to housing and work security, drainage systems, access to health care, and aspects of governance, citizenship and rights, may seem to fall outside the scope of ICS projects, our experiences show how inescapably they shape participatory processes and technologies. We highlight the need to take a closer look at how we can include these broader and changing priorities and needs in our methodologies and reflect on how we can better respond and align them with the ways in which people live.

Perceived barriers and opportunities to improve working conditions and staff retention in emergency departments: a qualitative study

BackgroundStaff retention in Emergency Medicine (EM) is at crisis level and could be attributed in some part to adverse working conditions. This study aimed to better understand current concerns relating...