Changes In Biochemical Composition Research Articles

Changes in biochemical composition of Ethiopian Coffee arabica with growing region and traditional roasting.

Updating the biochemical composition of coffee beans across the years is necessary. This is important to understand the vulnerability of coffee toward climate adaptation longitudinally. Accordingly, in this study the influence of growing area and traditional roasting on the biochemical composition of five common Ethiopian Arabica coffee beans collected in the harvest year of 2021/22 were investigated. With an average of 11.34 g/100 g, the Hararge and Jimma coffee beans had the highest crude fat content (p < 0.05). The crude protein content of the five varieties was in the range of 13-15 g/100 g, with respective highest and lowest contents in the (Hararge and Nekemte) and (Sidama and Yirgachefe) coffee beans (p < 0.05). The total phenolic content (TPC) of the coffee beans was in the order of Jimma (46.52) > Nekemte (44.55) > Sidama (44.31) > Hararge (39.02) > Yirgachefe (34.25) mg GAE/100 g. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ascorbic acid, coffee bean extract from Jimma and Hararge against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was 19.86, 20.22 and 20.02 μg/mL, respectively. The respective highest and lowest caffeine concentration was obtained in the Yirgachefe (10.38) and Hararge (7.55 g/100 g) coffee beans (p < 0.05). The Jimma, Sidama, and Nekemte coffee varieties had the highest chlorogenic acid content of 45 g/100 g (p > 0.05); whereas the lowest content was in Hararge coffee (36.78 g/100 g). While the caffeine concentration did not show significant (p > 0.05) difference, with all the coffee beans the roasting has reduced significantly the TPC, trigonelline and mainly the chlorogenic acid (p < 0.05). These data can update the existing facts on biochemical diversity of coffee beans in the country which can be used for evidence based innovations of climate adaptation in predicting the quality of coffee. Further recommendation of optimizing the traditional coffee processing method is supported from this study.

A Comparative Study of Five Apple Cultivars Linking Biochemical Changes at Different Developmental Stages with Storage Textural Quality

Biochemical changes in the cell wall composition and activity of cell wall-modifying enzymes of five apple cultivars, Royal Gala (Gala), Aurora Golden Gala (Aur), Splendour (Spl), Honeycrisp (HC), and Ambrosia (Amb), collected from the 2016 growing season in the early growth phases, namely 40 and 70 days after full bloom (DAFB), at harvest maturity, and after 20 weeks of storage were investigated in relation to the textural changes at harvest maturity through to 20 weeks of storage. Assessing apple texture with a single-point measurement of firmness using a penetration test to a depth of approximately 8 mm in apples may not be an ideal measurement for assessing apple textural quality. Pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity at early developmental stages may be predictive of textural quality after storage. This work also found that β-D-galactosidase (BGAL) and α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AFAS) activities at early developmental stages may be important factors affecting textural quality after storage. Additionally, the degree of methylesterification (DME) assessed with FTIR on apple flesh material at the early developmental stages was strongly positively correlated (r2 ≥ +0.891 to +0.963, p ≤ 0.05) with textural quality after storage, including crispness, indicating that FTIR could serve as a rapid screening tool for textural quality at early developmental stages on minimally processed starting material.

A novel in-vitro model of intervertebral disc degeneration using hyperphysiological loading

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration includes changes in tissue biomechanics, physical attributes, biochemical composition, disc microstructure, and cellularity, which can all affect the normal function of the IVD, and ultimately may lead to pain. The purpose of this research was to develop an in-vitro model of degeneration that includes the evaluation of physical, biomechanical, and structural parameters, and that does so over several load/recovery periods. Hyperphysiological loading was used as the degenerative initiator with three experimental groups employed using bovine coccygeal IVD specimens: Control; Single-Overload; and Double-Overload. An equilibrium stage comprising a static load followed by two load/recovery periods was followed by six further load/recovery periods. In the Control group all load/recovery periods were the same, comprising physiological cyclic loading. The overload groups differed in that hyperphysiological loading was applied during the 4th loading period (Single-Overload), or the 4th and 5th loading period (Double-Overload). Overloading led to a significant reduction in disc height compared to the Control group, which was not recovered in subsequent physiological load/recovery periods. However, there were no significant changes in stiffness. Overloading also led to significantly more microstructural damage compared to the Control group. Taking all outcome measures into account, the overload groups were evaluated as replicating clinically relevant aspects of moderate IVD degeneration. Further research into a potential dose–effect, and how more severe degeneration can be replicated would provide a model with the potential to evaluate new treatments and interventions for different stages of IVD degeneration.

A MODERN NONINVASIVE METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS GENITAL ENDOMETRIOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH INFERTILITY

Endometriosis is a disease characterized by an overgrowth of morphologically and functionally endometrium-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Early diagnosis of endometriosis is very di ffi cult. The gold standard for diagnosis is the surgical method – laparoscopy, performed for infertility, pelvic pain or the presence of pelvic masses. However, this approach is currently being reconsidered, and the search for endometriosis markers for earlier diagnosis of this disease is relevant. The purpose of the literature review was to summarize the current data on promising noninvasive markers of endometriosis determined in various biological media. Materials and methods – summarized a modern data abot perspective noninvasive markes of genital endometriosis associated with infertility, determined diff erence biological fl uid. Results We evaluated more than 30 biomarkers in peritoneal fl uid, serum, urine, and saliva, as well as their combinations in publications that met the selection criteria. Studies have evaluated the diagnostic value and e ffi cacy of endometriosis biomarkers, but the results of these studies have sometimes been inconsistent. We were unable to identify a single biomarker or combination of biomarkers that was unequivocally clinically useful. The most signifi cant changes in biochemical composition were observed in peritoneal fl uid, but it requires invasive intervention to obtain it. Discussion. Saliva and urine studies have shown promising results in terms of diagnostic accuracy, but the evidence was of low quality for introduction into clinical guidelines. A number of serum biomarkers may be useful either for detecting endometriosis at early stages or for diff erentiating ovarian endometrioma from other benign ovarian masses, but the evidence for meaningful conclusions is insu fficient. Conclusion. None of the biomarkers have shown suffi cient accuracy for clinical use outside of the research environment, yet research in this area remains promising.

Biochemical characterization and differential expression of genes associated with apple tolerance to Penicillium expansum

The so-called blue mold is one of the most important fungal pathologies causing major pome fruits postharvest losses. To understand apple defense mechanisms, great interest has been put on aspects such as changes in fruit tissue gene expression or biochemical composition during infections. In the present study, the expression patterns of 15 genes and isoforms previously reported to be involved in the defense response of apple against Penicillium expansum were analyzed. Thus, 28 apple accessions from the germplasm bank of the Experimental Station of Aula Dei (EEAD-CSIC) (NE Spain) were wounded and artificially inoculated with P. expansum. At 14 days post inoculation (dpi), lesion diameter and lesion extension were measured, ranking apple accessions according to their susceptibility/tolerance. In addition, several biochemical components were assessed in healthy fruits at the moment of inoculation (0 dpi) and after two weeks of incubation (14 dpi). Sugar and organic acid concentrations, total flavonoids content and ascorbic acid levels were measured. Enzyme activities, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), were also assessed. In summary, some parameters exhibited significant negative correlations with susceptibility, such as PPO enzymatic activity at 0 dpi and total sugars at harvest. Furthermore, positive correlations were identified, including total sugars at 0 dpi and 14 dpi, α-ketoglutaric acid at 14 dpi, total organic acids, and quinic acid at harvest. Notably, the variation in some biochemical components during infection, such as PPO activity, significantly correlated with ‘lesion diameter’. Concerning gene expression, 10 accessions were studied. The PAL1 and the allergen Mal d 1.03 were found to be induced by the inoculation with P. expansum. Furthermore, LDOX and Mal d 1.03 were differentially expressed between tolerant and susceptible cultivars at 14 dpi. In addition, their expression level was positively correlated with tolerance, making them potential biomarkers for future selection programs.

Studies on pesticides induced changes in muscle biochemical composition in Channa gachua

In this work attempt has been made to assess the effect of few pesticides (namely Metacid-50 or M, Kelthane (or K) and Dithane M-45 (or D) and their mixture on changes in water, lipid and non-lipid fractions (major part protein, very less carbohydrate and minerals) in a fresh water teleostean fish, Channa gachua (HAM) in their body muscles at different concentrations during different exposure times. In control group the water, lipid content and non-lipid fractions were 76.559%, 0.774% and 22.667% respectively. Increased water content in muscles were obtained after 24hrs. and 48hrs. exposure of individual or mixed pesticides condition but the lipid content decreased in all the animals. Statistical relationship between concentration of pesticides Vs muscles, water and lipid have also been established.

Combined effect of few pesticides on proximate composition of liver in a fresh water fish, channa punctatus (bloch).

The present work is an endeavour to study the effect of three pesticides (namely - Metacid-50(M), Kelthane (K) and Dithane, M-45 (D) and their different combination on changes in biochemical composition (Water, lipid and non lipid fraction) in a fresh water teleostean fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). In the liver of control group of fishes, the water, lipid and non lipid fractions (protein, carbohydrate and ash contents) were - 71.5%, 2.3% and 26.2% respectively. The water content of liver increased with the increasing concentration and exposure duration of pesticides except K+D mixed condition, where as water content increased at low concentration (i.e. 2.31 and 4.32 ppm) but at high concentration (5.96 ppm) the water content decreased after 24 hrs and increased after 48 hrs exposure. Decreased lipid content was obtained in all the concentrations except K+D mixed condition. In K+D mixed condition the lipid content increased from low to high concentration. The non lipid content decreased in all the experimental/treated animals. Statistical relationship between pesticides Vs. liver water and liver lipid have also been established.. KEYWORDS :Pesticides, liver water and lipid, fish.

Biochemical composition changes can be linked to the tolerance of four grassland species under more persistent precipitation regimes

AbstractClimate models suggest that the persistence of summer precipitation regimes (PRs) is on the rise, characterized by both longer dry and longer wet durations. These PR changes may alter plant biochemical composition and thereby their economic and ecological characteristics. However, impacts of PR persistence have primarily been studied at the community level, largely ignoring the biochemistry of individual species. Here, we analyzed biochemical components of four grassland species with varying sensitivity to PR persistence (Holcus lanatus, Phleum pratense, Lychnis flos‐cuculi, Plantago lanceolata) along a range of increasingly persistent PRs (longer consecutive dry and wet periods) in a mesocosm experiment. The more persistent PRs decreased nonstructural sugars, whereas they increased lignin in all species, possibly reducing plant quality. The most sensitive species Lychnis seemed less capable of altering its biochemical composition in response to altered PRs, which may partly explain its higher sensitivity. The more tolerant species may have a more robust and dynamic biochemical network, which buffers the effects of changes in individual biochemical components on biomass. We conclude that the biochemical composition changes are important determinants for plant performance under increasingly persistent precipitation regimes.

Advances in cryopreservation of Syzygium maire (swamp maire, maire tawake) zygotic embryos, a critically endangered tree species endemic to New Zealand

IntroductionSyzygium maire is a threatened Myrtaceae tree species endemic to New Zealand. Due to its highly recalcitrant seed, cryopreservation is the only viable long-term ex situ conservation option for this species. Our previous attempts to cryopreserve the embryonic axis (EAs) of S. maire were unsuccessful but did provide a better understanding of desiccation behavior, biochemical composition, oxidative status, and ultrastructural changes associated with desiccation in EAs.MethodsWe incorporated this knowledge with biophysical information to investigate two advanced cryopreservation technologies: a droplet vacuum infiltration vitrification (DVIV) method and a novel metal-mesh vacuum infiltration vitrification (MVIV) method using Plant Vitrification Solution 2 (PVS2) for cryopreservation of the EAs.ResultsThe PVS2 treatment at room temperature (~20°C) proved phytotoxic with extended PVS2 incubation significantly reducing EA survival. No EAs survived cryopreservation using DVIV, however MVIV resulted in post-cryopreservation survival of up to 19% following PVS2 incubation for 20 min. Biophysical thermal analysis using Differential Scanning Calorimetry revealed a 15-fold reduction in ice crystallization following incubation in PVS2 for 20 min or more, with all freezable water removed after 60 min incubation.DiscussionThese results present a significant advance in being able to successfully cryopreserve S. maire EAs. The findings from this study will aid the development of cryopreservation protocols for other extremely recalcitrant seeded species, many of which are threatened with extinction due to climate change, plant pathogens, and habitat destruction.

Direct and indirect impacts of ocean acidification and warming on algae-herbivore interactions in intertidal habitats

Anthropogenically induced global climate change has caused profound impacts in the world ocean. Climate change related stressors, like ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW) can affect physiological performance of marine species. However, studies evaluating the impacts of these stressors on algae-herbivore interactions have been much more scarce. We approached this issue by assessing the combined impacts of OA and OW on the physiological energetics of the herbivorous snail Tegula atra, and whether this snail is affected indirectly by changes in biochemical composition of the kelp Lessonia spicata, in response to OA and OW. Our results show that OA and OW induce changes in kelp biochemical composition and palatability (organic matter, phenolic content), which in turn affect snails' feeding behaviour and energy balance. Nutritional quality of food plays a key role on grazers' physiological energetics and can define the stability of trophic interactions in rapidly changing environments such as intertidal communities.

From green to orange: The change in biochemical composition of phototrophic-mixotrophic Chromochloris zofingiensis in pilot-scale photobioreactors

Upscaling algal cultures from laboratory to pilot-scale provides important biological and technical insights for larger industrial applications. This is particularly important when screening novel algal species to enter the biochemical and nutraceutical markets. One such novel species is Chromochloris zofingiensis. This species has been identified as a potential industrial competitor to Haematococcus sp. for natural astaxanthin production, due to higher biomass concentrations and quantity of product per unit volume. To test the scalability potential C. zofingiensis was cultured using a phototrophic-mixotrophic approach in 65 L photobioreactors. The biomass increased from 0.05 to 0.51 g/L DW during a 15 day phototrophic phase. The subsequent mixotrophic phase induced carotenogenesis and turned the cells from green to orange. This altered the composition of the biomass and increased the biomass concentration from 0.65 to 5.13 g/L in 8 days. Astaxanthin is the primary compound of interest in this biomass and its concentration per culture increased during the mixotrophic phase; 0, 12.7, and 14.7 mgDW/L on days 0, 5, and 8, respectively. The highest protein, carbohydrate, and lipid concentrations per culture were recorded on day 5 (570, 1760, and 3715 mgDW/L, respectively). This study reports the largest scale use of mixotrophic cultivation of C. zofingiensis available in the literature where astaxanthin production was initiated using glucose (30 g/L), nitrogen deprivation, and a continuous photoperiod with an increased light intensity (245 μmol/m2/s). The findings demonstrate the potential for further scaling to obtain high biomass concentrations at industrial volumes for production of astaxanthin along with additional products as part of a biorefinery process.

Modern non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis

Introduction. Endometriosis is a disease characterized by an overgrowth of morphologically and functionally endometrium-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Early diagnosis of endometriosis is very difficult. The gold standard for diagnosis is the surgical method − laparoscopy, performed for infertility, pelvic pain or the presence of pelvic masses. However, this approach is currently being reconsidered, and the search for endometriosis markers for earlier diagnosis of this disease is relevant.The purpose of the literature review was to summarize the current data on promising noninvasive markers of endometriosis determined in various biological media.Materials and methods. Scientific literature was searched in PubMed, ResearchGate, and Elibrary databases for 2017−2022 using a combination of Russian and English keywords: endometriosis, endometrioma, endometriosis pathogenesis, peritoneal fluid, biomarkers, serum markers.Results. We evaluated more than 30 putative biomarkers in peritoneal fluid, serum, urine, and saliva, as well as their combinations in publications that met the selection criteria. Studies have evaluated the diagnostic value and efficacy of endometriosis biomarkers, but the results of these studies have sometimes been inconsistent. We were unable to identify a single biomarker or combination of biomarkers that was unequivocally clinically useful. The most significant changes in biochemical composition were observed in peritoneal fluid, but it requires invasive intervention to obtain it.Discussion. Saliva and urine studies have shown promising results in terms of diagnostic accuracy, but the evidence was of low quality for introduction into clinical guidelines. A number of serum biomarkers may be useful either for detecting endometriosis at early stages or for differentiating ovarian endometrioma from other benign ovarian masses, but the evidence for meaningful conclusions is insufficient. Conclusion None of the biomarkers have shown sufficient accuracy for clinical use outside of the research environment, yet research in this area remains promising.

Fine-tuning the flavor of Tetraselmis chuii by modifying nitrogen supply

Dried Tetraselmis chuii biomass has potential as flavoring agent for the development of plant-based seafood alternatives because of its seafood-like aroma and strong umami taste. Depending on the cultivation conditions, microalgae can adapt their metabolism, resulting in a change in biochemical composition. The aim of this study was to assess if the flavor of T. chuii could be modified by changing the nitrogen (N) supply in the cultivation medium in order to maximize the potential of T. chuii as flavoring agent. The sensory evaluation by a trained panel showed that the T. chuii biomass obtained from N starved cultivation conditions (N-deplete) is characterized by a significantly stronger odor intensity and earthy-like off-odor compared to T. chuii biomass obtained from N sufficient cultivation conditions (N-replete). The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using SPME-GC–MS showed that these odor features of N-deplete biomass are attributed to an increased formation of odor-active VOCs including 2,3-butanedione, 3-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanol and sulfur-containing dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide. In contrast, the T. chuii N-replete biomass possessed a significantly stronger taste intensity, umami and salty taste compared to the T. chuii N-deplete biomass. The higher umami is attributed to the significantly higher free glutamic acid (Glu) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) concentrations in N-replete biomass compared to N-deplete biomass. This study illustrates that flavor and palatability of microalgae biomass is strongly affected by cultivating conditions and modifying these conditions can be an important tool in the development of plant-based seafood alternatives.

Effects of physical activity/exercise on tear film characteristics and dry eye associated symptoms: A literature review

PurposeTo conduct a review of the literature in order to identify the potential association between physical activity or exercise and the objective signs and/or subjective symptoms of dry-eye disease. MethodsA review of PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed, according to the PRISMA guidelines. The papers included in the review addressed the relationship of physical activity or exercise with dry-eye associated signs (changes in tear volume, osmolarity or biochemical composition) and/or subjective symptoms. ResultsA total of 16 papers were included. In eight, the changes in tear film volume, osmolarity and/or biochemical composition were studied after a single, acute bout of aerobic exercise. In another eight, changes in dry-eye associated symptoms were studied in relation to the habitual practice of physical activity or to prescribed exercise programmes. Acute responses of the tear film to exercise included: a) an increase of tear volume, without an increase of the tear break-up time; b) a trend to increase tear osmolarity, although within its physiological range; and c) a reduced concentration of several cytokines, and other molecular markers of inflammation or oxidative stress. Long-term exposure to physical activity or exercise programmes was associated with relief of dry-eye associated symptoms and a trend to increased tear break-up time. ConclusionsDespite a high heterogeneity in the studied population, study designs and methods, the current body of evidence suggests a potential role for physical activity as a modulatory stimulus for the proper functioning of the tear film and/or the relief of dry-eye symptoms.

Raman spectroscopy in chronic heart failure diagnosis based on human skin analysis.

This work aims at studying Raman spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics as an alternative fast noninvasive method to detect chronic heart failure (CHF) cases. Optical analysis is focused on the changes in the spectral features associated with the biochemical composition changes of skin tissues. A portable spectroscopy setup with the 785 nm excitation wavelength was used to record skin Raman features. In this in vivo study, 127 patients and 57 healthy volunteers were involved in measuring skin spectral features by Raman spectroscopy. The spectral data were analyzed with a projection on the latent structures and discriminant analysis. 202 skin spectra of patients with CHF and 90 skin spectra of healthy volunteers were classified with 0.888 ROC AUC for the 10-fold cross validated algorithm. To identify CHF cases, the performance of the proposed classifier was verified by means of a new test set that is equal to 0.917 ROC AUC.

ABOUT NON-TRADITIONAL FEED ADDITIVES INFLUENCE ON SAFETY OF THE YAKUT BREED HORSES LIVE WEIGHT

Horse breeding is one of the rapidly developing branches of animal husbandry in Yakutia. Horses of the Yakut breed are only type of farm animals that are kept year-round in harsh conditions of the sharply continental climate of Yakutia. In winter, animals experience a significant lack of nutrients and minerals. This is due to fact that basic diet consists of natural feed winter pasture and hay. Therefore, the goal was to study the effect of complex feed additives from local natural raw materials on the change in live weight and biochemical composition of the blood of animals. This study used standard animal research methods. The use of non-traditional feed additives in feeding of horses contributed to an increase in the supply of nutrients and minerals to the rations. Improving feeding conditions affected the live weight of horses (live weight loss was 5.75 % и 5.45 %). The change caused by inclusion of non-traditional feed additives in the diets of horses had a positive effect on the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood animals. In horses from the experimental groups, an increase was found in the blood in total protein by 0.50 % and 0.30 %, albumin by 0.36 and 0.20 %, globulin by 0.13 and 0.10 %, hemoglobin by 2.91 and 1.33 %, calcium by 3.56 and 1.29%, phosphorus by 5.71 and 1.90 %. Thus, use of experimental non-traditional feed additives in feeding horses in winter contributes to the best preservation of live weight. This is due to the improvement of mineral and vitamin nutrition in a difficult period of deficiency of macro- and microelements, vitamins in the diets of horses. This improves metabolism, which is reflected in the morphological and biochemical composition of blood of horses.

Protein and Lipid Content of Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Comparative Overview.

The characterization of the protein and lipid cargo of milk extracellular vesicles from different mammal species is crucial for understanding their biogenesis and biological functions, as well as for a comprehensive description of the nutritional aspects of animal milk for human diet. In fact, milk EVs have been reported to possess relevant biological effects, but the molecules/biochemical pathways underlying these effects have been poorly investigated. The biochemical characterization is an important initial step for the potential therapeutic and diagnostic use of natural or modified milk EVs. The number of studies analysing the protein and lipid composition of milk EVs is limited compared to that investigating the nucleic acid cargo. Here, we revised the literature regarding the protein and lipid content of milk EVs. Until now, most investigations have shown that the biochemical cargo of EVs is different with respect to that of other milk fractions. In addition, even if these studies derived mostly from bovine and human milk EVs, comparison between milk EVs from different animal species and milk EVs biochemical composition changes due to different factors including lactation stages and health status is also beginning to be reported.

Seasonal Changes in Biochemical Composition of Freshwater Bivalve Mollusc Lamellidens marginalis (Lamark) from Purna River Near Jafrabad (M.S.) India

Seasonal Changes in Biochemical Composition of Freshwater Bivalve Mollusc Lamellidens marginalis (Lamark) from Purna River Near Jafrabad (M.S.) India

Effect of Biotic and abiotic factors on mites infestation under grain storage- A review

Mites are common pests of stored grain containing high fat and protein content. They are considered secondary invaders among the diverse range of storage pests because they are unable to infest sound grain and instead feed on fractured kernels, debris, and high moisture grain that has been already damaged by some insect pests. The high humidity and optimum temperature are determining factors for the sensitivity of the food grains for mites attack. Mites directly risk human health by contaminating food and indirectly by mycotoxin released under storage conditions. They also result in a considerable loss in grain weight and a reduction in germination ability. The losses become more severe as the mite population grows. Chemical agents have traditionally been used to prevent or manage mite infestations, as it is the simplest and most cost-effective approach to dealing with stored grain mites. This review paper discusses Distribution, pest status, host range, food grain choice, abiotic factor influence, quantitative damage, change in biochemical composition, and botanicals for mite management.

STUDY OF BIO-CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OFVEGETABLES OF DOMESTIC SELECTION

Porridge is one of the most important processed cereal products. Useful properties are lost from processing, the biochemical composition changes and organoleptic properties deteriorate. In this connection, enrichment with natural additives is an alternative solution. The criteria for choosing vegetable supplements were their functional properties and harmonious combination with cereals. Therefore, vegetables in the form of additives, widely used, easily accessible, and not too expensive, such as carrots, and pumpkins were chosen. Studies have shown that the vitamin, mineral and amino acid composition of vegetables varies significantly depending on the type and variety of crops. The vitamin and mineral composition of carrots, regardless of variety, is superior in value to pumpkin. However, the amino acid composition of pumpkins significantly exceeds that of carrots. Thus, carrot varieties "Alau" and "Derbes", as well as pumpkin varieties "Karina", considering the chemical composition, can be used to enrich instant cereals with vitamins, minerals and amino acids.