Changes In User Demands Research Articles

Forecasting resource usage pattern changes in clouds via contrast graph-evolution learning

The increasing large-scale workload trace collected by datacenter monitors has provided great potential for workload prediction. However, resource usage pattern changes of workloads often exist, which are usually caused by user demand changes, workload re-locations or other reasons. If the patterns of resource usage change, the accuracy of prediction may degrade significantly. Hence, how to forecast such changes brings an open and challenging issue. In this paper, we present a novel method named CEGWP. CEGWP uses shapelets to explicitly identify resource usage patterns in a fine-grained level. Specifically. a two-level importance based shapelet extraction mechanism is designed to mine new usage pattern changes in temporal dimension, and a multi-view contrast graph-evolution learning algorithm is designed to fuse the interference among resource usage patterns of different workloads in spatial dimension. With both temporal extraction of shapelets from each single workload and spatial interference of different workloads, a spatio-temporal GNN-based TCN encoder is developed to forecast the resource usage pattern changes. CEGWP is jointly trained in an end-to-end manner and is evaluated using real trace data. Experimental results show that CEGWP achieves notable improvements by up to 62.15% against existing prediction methods and indicate the potential to be deployed into real-world cloud datacenters.

Research on Hybrid Scheduling of Shared Bikes Based on MLP-GA Method

Bike-sharing systems with convenience and flexibility have been appearing more and more in cities and become a necessary tool of travel for people. However, the distribution of bikes is highly unbalanced due to the changes in user demand, which leads to the unfavorable situation of “no bikes available” or “too many bikes” at some bike stations. For this reason, this paper proposes a hybrid scheduling method, which combines truck-based scheduling (TBS) and user-based scheduling (UBS). Firstly, a hybrid scheduling model (HBS) combining TBS and UBS is established. Secondly, a method combining multilayer perceptron and genetic algorithm (MLP-GA) is proposed to solve the model. Thirdly, the HBS model is simulated and analyzed by the example. The results show that the MLP-GA method converges, has a faster running time than the genetic algorithm and can obtain solutions with lower total cost and shorter optimal truck path. Further analysis shows that HBS is more implementable in practice and can shorten the optimal truck path and reduce the scheduling total cost while allowing users to use the shared bike in an affordable way, thus realizing the efficient operation of the shared bike system. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the reward coefficients is performed. This shows that as the reward coefficient increases, the cost of HBS generally shows an increasing trend when the reward coefficient is small, reaches a maximum value when the reward coefficient is 0.6, and decreases slightly thereafter.

Coefficients and curves of hourly and daily variations of water demand for improved operation of potable water distribution systems: a case study of Chihuahua City, Mexico

Abstract Maintaining a constant flow in a potable water distribution hydraulic system is challenging due to fluctuations caused by changes in user demand and seasonal factors. This study aimed to calculate the coefficients and curves of hourly and daily variation of water demand in the water distribution system of Chihuahua. It is crucial to understand the hydraulic system's behavior during peak demands and assess its capacity. The methodology involved calculating coefficients and curves of variation of demand based on flow data measured at the inlet of various hydrometric sectors using flanged electromagnetic flowmeters of various diameters and models. The results showed that the variation curves and coefficients of water demand are valuable tools for modeling, designing, and operating water networks. Incorporating these curves into hydraulic simulations during the planning and design stage can improve the accuracy of these models and better reflect the network's actual behavior. The proposed method is suitable for application in cities with similar demographic and social characteristics. The study concludes that accurate supply area information for hydrometric sectors is essential in constructing the curves and coefficients of demand variation, which can lead to opportunities for improving water service by informing more effective network design and operation.

ІСТОРІЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ АРХІТЕКТУРИ КЛУБНИХ БУДІВЕЛЬ ЛЬВОВА

The article shows the history of the formation of the architecture of Lviv clubs from the beginning of their formation to the present day. Today, there is a trend where iconic historical objects, which often have lost their original function, attract the interest of potential investors. In order not to lose valuable objects of the city’s cultural heritage, a policy of integrating the monument into a new functional context is being pursued. Cultural and educational functions prevail among the most popular solutions: media libraries, co-working spaces, social hubs, art and cultural centers. Their main goal is to revitalize cultural communication and public life in the city. Thanks to modern materials and technologies, architects and designers have the opportunity to create flexible, universal spaces that allows quickly respond to changes in user demand and hold a wide range of events. Innovative approaches in the construction process make it possible to preserve iconic objects and bring the architectural environment of the city into European and world contexts. Modern trends in the development of society indicate that there is an acute need for buildings and spaces for the cultural activities of numerous societies and organizations. Recently, as a result of the diversity of urban life, new forms of public communication have appeared, and therefore, new types of buildings in which such communication takes place. The social conditions of each socio-economic formation leave their mark on the type of building, give it a new social meaning and structure. Therefore, in order to predict the development of multifunctional cultural and educational objects today, to determine their optimal functional structure and volume-spatial solution of the auditorium, capable to exist for different types of events, it is necessary to know and use the architectural experience of past times, when cultural and educational buildings and clubs are becoming the most popular, both on our territory and in the world.

Resource Depletion Risk for Medical Equipment: Embracing the Circular Economy.

Resource Depletion Risk for Medical Equipment: Embracing the Circular Economy.

Adaptive Multiscale Optimization: Concept and Case Study on Simulated UAV Surveillance Operations

This paper presents a resource-usage management scheme called adaptive multiscale optimization (AMO). AMO mitigates dynamically emerging bottlenecks in shared resources by enabling system components to individually select the appropriate operational mode to collectively improve the whole system performance. Components periodically collect and broadcast relevant local measurements to other components, in aggregate, producing an overall view of the performance of the system. These measurements, combined with the preset objective function that encodes the operator’s priorities and desired tradeoffs, drive the logic that selects component modes as system state, and user demand changes over time. As a representative use case, we have analyzed its behavior as applied in a three-dimensional object-recognition application involving multiple unmanned aerial vehicles utilizing shared communications and data processing resources. We demonstrate AMO’s benefits and tradeoffs through a series of simulator runs, covering such use cases as increasing contention, sudden reduction in system capacity, and varying AMO coordination overhead.

Moving the boundary between wavelength resources in optical packet and circuit integrated ring network

Optical packet and circuit integrated (OPCI) networks provide both optical packet switching (OPS) and optical circuit switching (OCS) links on the same physical infrastructure using a wavelength multiplexing technique in order to deal with best-effort services and quality-guaranteed services. To immediately respond to changes in user demand for OPS and OCS links, OPCI networks should dynamically adjust the amount of wavelength resources for each link. We propose a resource-adjustable hybrid optical packet/circuit switch and transponder. We also verify that distributed control of resource adjustments can be applied to the OPCI ring network testbed we developed. In cooperation with the resource adjustment mechanism and the hybrid switch and transponder, we demonstrate that automatically allocating a shared resource and moving the wavelength resource boundary between OPS and OCS links can be successfully executed, depending on the number of optical paths in use.

Singapore libraries: From bricks and mortar to information anytime anywhere

This article presents a comprehensive look into the evolving landscape of libraries in Singapore. Some 190 years ago, two institutions – the National Library of Singapore and the National University of Singapore Library – were instrumental in laying the foundation for libraries in this Southeast Asian island state. Since then, Singapore has seen a proliferation of libraries that include public, academic and special libraries. Supported by government policies and strategies, libraries have remained important in the lives of Singaporeans. In order to adapt to technological developments as well as changes in user demands and behaviours, the nation’s libraries have had to come up with new ways to manage their collections as well as serve the needs of their users. This paper examines the history of libraries in Singapore before throwing the spotlight on library innovations, paying particular attention to digital products and services that include library management systems, e-resources, digital devices as well as the utilization of social media to engage users.

Balancing electricity bill and performance in server farms with setup costs

High electricity consumption, associated with running Internet scale server farms, not only reflects on the data center’s greenhouse gas emissions, but also increases the cost of running the data center itself. In this paper, we consider the problem of maximizing the revenues of service providers running large scale data centers subject to setup cost by reducing their electricity bill, while considering the fact that clients consuming the offered services have finite non-deterministic patience. As a solution, we present and evaluate the performance of allocation policies which, in the context of both one and two-tiered systems, dynamically switch servers on and off according to changes in user demand. The algorithms we present aim at maximizing the users’ experience while minimizing the amount of electricity required to run the IT infrastructure in spite of non-stationary traffic which cannot be predicted with the absolute accuracy. The results of several experiments are presented, showing that the proposed schemes perform well under different traffic conditions.

Promoting efficiency in shipping

Technological change in freight transportation has become pervasive and irreversible. The rate of technological obsolescence has more than doubled in the last 20 years, and there is little evidence of a slowdown in this trend. At the same time, the world has become increasingly dependent on international trade. Developing countries are no exception to this trend, but their trade is mainly with developed countries, whose transport technology is usually more advanced. The effective management of technological change involves the choice, timing, scale of introduction, and rate of utilization of new technology. Few in maritime transport know how effectively to deal with these problems. As a result, we often experience ineffective management of technological change; with technology sometimes introduced on the verge of obsolescence, inappropriate technology chosen, or use of new technology made difficult because of lack of training or other manpower resources. Effective technological change usually requires changes in organization, management, and control of port and shipping systems. Today we are faced with large changes in trading patterns, as well as in the physical form in which commodities are traded. Ports and shipping therefore often find themselves with the wrong capacity or technology for their trade. Efficiency in ports and shipping, in addition to the use of appropriate technology, requires effective management, operations, and maintenance. This in turn can only be achieved by an effective match of technology, user requirements, operational procedures, maintenance, etc. Ports operate in an increasingly competitive environment and can no longer rely on their traditional ‘monopoly of service’, nor can shipping rely on protectionism for cargo. Efficiency improvements in ports and shipping are the result of changes in technology, institutional structure, work rules, human relations, training, and incentives. Technological change in shipping has been a gradual process induced in the past by profit incentives and exogenous factors such as ship safety and environmental regulations. Nowadays such changes are more often forced by interand intra-modal competitive pressures, changes in user demand, and in interface technology. Technological changes are now much more frequent and in the future will be more radical. Management of technological change will be the most important function of port and shipping management in the future.

The development of a simple regional office rent prediction model

Attempts to describe the determinants of rent. Describes the initial stages in the development of a regional office rent prediction model which uses readily available data and should aid the investment decision‐making process. Rejects cross‐sectional analysis, preferring time series approaches. Formulates a spatially disaggregated model which allows for delays between changes in user output and changes in user demand, and which reflects the variable adjustment rate between these two factors. Argues that the combined influence of the independent variables in the derived equation can explain up to 97 per cent of the variation in rent over the period examined.