Changes In Superoxide Dismutase Activity Research Articles

Assessing Curcumin Uptake and Clearance and Their Influence on Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Drosophila melanogaster.

While normal levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are required for proper organismal function, increased levels result in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may be managed via the scavenging activities of antioxidants (e.g., curcumin) and the action of enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this work, the uptake and clearance of dietary curcuminoids (consisting of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) was assessed in Drosophila melanogaster larvae following chronic or acute exposure. High levels of curcuminoid uptake and loss were observed within a few hours and leveled off within eight hours post treatment onset. The addition or removal of curcuminoids from media resulted in corresponding changes in SOD activity, and the involvement of each of the three SOD genes was assessed for their contribution to total SOD activity. Taken together, these data provide insight into the uptake and clearance dynamics of curcuminoids and indicate that, while SOD activity generally increases following curcuminoid treatment, the individual SOD genes appear to contribute differently to this response.

Responses of Rice and Related Cadmium Transporter Genes to the Passivating Microbial Agent MBLHAP.

Alkali-producing microorganisms and hydroxyapatite (HAP), a chemical passivation agent, have a certain remediation effect on cadmium (Cd) -contaminated soil. They can decrease the available Cd content in the soil to a certain extent and reduce the overall Cd content of rice planted in the soil. The Cd-contaminated soil was treated with the passivating bacterial agent that had been developed. Changes in the Cd concentration of rice leaves and soil were observed. Real-time PCR was used to analyse the expression levels of Cd transport protein genes in rice. Then, we determined the activities of super-oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) at different stages of rice growth. The results showed that after HAP, alkali-producing microorganisms and passivating microbial agents were applied to the Cd treated soil. The total Cd content in rice leaves was reduced by 66.80%, 80.32% and 81.35%. The expression differences of genes related to Cd transporter proteins were measured, and the results showed that the changes in gene regulation were consistent with the changes in Cd content of rice leaves. The changes in SOD activity, CAT activity and POD activity further indicated that the three enzymes could alleviate the adverse effects of Cd stress by regulating the related enzyme activities in rice. In conclusion, alkali-producing microorganisms, HAP and passivating bacterial agents can effectively reduce the toxicity of Cd to rice, and reduce the absorption and accumulation of Cd in rice leaves.

Size-dependent effects of nanoplastics on structure and function of superoxide dismutase

The ubiquitous existence of nano-plastics (NPs) has attracted widespread concern. Currently, the uptake of NPs by organisms and cells has been reported. However, knowledge about the interaction between NPs and protein is still limited, and there is a gap in research on the size-dependent toxicity of NPs toward protein. In this study, multi-spectroscopic techniques and enzyme activity determination were used to explore the structure and function changes of the main antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), caused by the binding of NPs with different particle sizes. Results indicated NPs with different sizes can directly interact with SOD. NPs with smaller sizes result in looser skeletons of SOD, while the larger lead to tighter peptide chains. In addition, NPs can bind with SOD to form complexes, and the smaller the NPs are easier to be induced to coalesce by SOD. The surface curvature of 100 nm NPs was more conducive to varying the secondary structure of SOD. NPs of 100 nm and 500 nm can cause greater sensitization of SOD endogenous fluorescence, and increase the polarity around tyrosine residue. The enzyme activity assay further revealed the functional differences caused by the size-dependent effects of NPs. NPs of 100 nm and 20 nm induced a more significant change in SOD activity (increased by 20% and 8%, respectively), while NPs of 500 nm and 1000 nm had a little impact on it. Together, smaller NPs have a greater impact on the structure and function of SOD. This study revealed the size-dependent toxicity of NPs to protein, which provided a rationale for the necessary avoidance and substitution of NPs in engineering applications.

The features of enzymes activity to nucleoside and antioxidant systems in solid tumors

Background. Solid tumors can create their aggressive properties. There are characterized by the invasion and metastatic activity, the resistance of the tumor clone to apoptosis. These pathways triggering may be realized both by 2-deoxy-D-ribose and its phosphorylated form (2-d-D-Rib-1-P), and by hydrogen peroxide.Aim. To investigate the peculiarities of enzymes activity to nucleoside metabolism and antioxidant system in epithelial tumors of different localization.Materials and methods. The features of the thymidine phosphorylase, adenosine deaminase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO) activity were studied in tumor homogenates. The visually no transformed tissues of the surgical resection edges were used as a control. Enzymes activity was determined by spectrophotometrical and morphological features were examined by the immunohistochemical methods in tissues of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), samples of gastric and colon carcinomas (GCC).Results. Thymidine phosphorylase activity and adenosine deaminase activity in various malignant tumors were increased in comparison to the control. Respectively, thymidine phosphorylase activity was higher than by 1.8 times (p= 0.002 for NSCLC,p= 0.001 for GCC). An increase of adenosine deaminase activity was revealed both in tissues of NSCLC (more than 1.7 times) and in GCC (by 1.9 times,p= 0.001). No significant changes in SOD activity were detected in the tumors. GPO activity tended to decrease by an average of 1.3 times (p= 0.01 for NSCLC,p= 0.02 for GCC). A cluster analysis of the enzymatic activity features of the studied NSCLC tumors, as well as GCC, revealed their metabolic heterogeneity. According to its results, tumors of different localization were distinguished into 2 clusters. Common feature to their second clusters was an increase the SOD activity. It was accompanied by increase of thymidine phosphorylase activity (p= 0.045 for NSCLC,p= 0.049 for GCC). Therefore, both hydrogen peroxide and 2-d-D-Rib-1-P could be formed in them more intensively. It is important to note that morphological indicators of tumor aggression (decreased or lost expression of cell-cell adhesion marker, expression of mesenchymal markers, active angiogenesis) were detected more frequently in these subgroups.Conclusion. The obtained results reveal that individual features of the enzymes activity in epithelial tumors may be available source of 2-d-D-Rib-1-P and hydrogen peroxide generation in human cancer cells. In the case of individual higher tumor activity of thymidine phosphorylase and SOD and low GPO activity the metabolic stimulation of tumor progression may be occur.

Elevated activity of superoxide dismutase in male late-life schizophrenia and its correlation with clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits

BackgroundDespite inconsistent findings, accumulative evidence has shown abnormalities of the key antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), in patients with schizophrenia. However, few studies explored SOD in late-life schizophrenia (LLS). Our work aimed to investigate changes in SOD activity and the relationship between SOD activity and psychotic symptoms or cognitive deficits in LLS.Methods32 geriatric male patients with schizophrenia (age ≥ 60) and 28 age-matched male normal controls were recruited in the study. We assessed cognitive functions with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), evaluated the severity of clinical symptoms with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and measured the plasma levels of SOD.ResultsPatients with LLS presented with higher total levels of SOD compared to the controls (81.70 vs. 65.26 U/ml, p < .001). Except for the visuospatial index, the cognitive performance was significantly worse on RBANS total and other domain scores in the schizophrenia group than the control group. In the schizophrenia group, SOD levels were positively correlated with subscores of general psychopathology and negative symptoms and total scores of the PANSS (all p < .05), and inversely associated with performance in immediate memory, language, and RBANS total scores (all p < .05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that patients with LLS display disturbances in the antioxidant system, which may underlie the pathological process of cognitive impairments and negative symptoms in the late stage of schizophrenia. Supplementing with antioxidants could be a potential treatment.

Morphological, biochemical and molecular hallmarks of programmed cell death in stigmatic papillae of Brassica oleracea L.

The aim of this study is to determine the programmed cell death hallmarks in the stigmatic papillae of Brassica oleracea L. The flower development was divided in two main stages; pre-anthesis and post-anthesis. Programmed cell death hallmarks were examined in parallel to these stages. At pre-anthesis, the stigmatic papillae were ovoid and their dense cytoplasm were rich in insoluble polysaccharide and protein. At post-anthesis, vacuolization and enlargement were quite evident in papillae. Besides, the protein content decreased, but reactive oxygen species increased in comparison to the pre-anthesis stage. Although no significant change in superoxide dismutase activity was detected, catalase activity decreased and hydrogen peroxide content increased at post-anthesis. DAPI stained nuclei appeared rounded and smooth appearance at pre-anthesis, however, some invaginations and fragmentation in nuclei were observed at post-anthesis. Although, TUNEL staining was negative at pre-anthesis, while TUNEL positive reaction was significant in the nuclei of papillae at post-anthesis. In comparison to the pre-anthesis, the number of fragmented nuclei monitored by DAPI and TUNEL staining increased at post-anthesis.

Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and metabolic parameters in dairy cows during different reproductive periods

Our study aimed to monitor the alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities and the metabolic profile parameters and their relationships in dairy cows during different reproductive stages (gestational-, dry-, pre- and post-partum). The collection of blood samples from thirty healthy pregnant Holstein cows took place at a commercial dairy farm, between September 2015 and June 2016. The cows covered eight different reproductive stages (4–6 weeks before the dry period (D4-6w)), at the beginning of the dry period (D0; on day 210 of gestation), the first month of the dry period (D1m), antepartum day 8 (APd8), postpartum (PP) day 3 (PPd3), PP day 8 (PPd8), PP between 3rd-4th weeks (PP3-4w) and PP between 80 and 90 days (PP80-90d). The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analysed to monitor and evaluate the antioxidant system. Concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin, glucose, total bilirubin, cholesterol, calcium (Ca) and the enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were also determined as metabolic profile parameters. GPx activities increased in D1m (P < 0.05) and peaked during the PP3d and PP8d periods (P < 0.0001), with values decreasing again at the PP3-4w period. The most significant change in SOD activities was detected in the PP3-4w with a significant decrease (P < 0.05). BHBA and NEFA concentrations increased significantly during the PPd3 and PPd8 periods (P < 0.05), with BHBA decreased to low values in the PP3-4w (P < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between BHBA, NEFA, total bilirubin and GPx (0.784, 0.874 and 0.871; P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.01 respectively). A significant negative correlation between calcium and cholesterol and GPx was found (−0.857, P < 0.01; and −0.681, P < 0.05, respectively). As a result, a relationship was determined between blood antioxidant enzymes and metabolic parameters at different periods. High GPx and SOD activities, especially in the early period before and after parturition, is thought to be related to the adaptation of the animals to this process. The lack of adaptation abilities of animals during these periods causes many problems seen during early postpartum. Therefore, considering GPx and SOD activity measurements in pre- and postpartum periods contributes to better management of these periods and the prevention of complications.

The physiological response of winter wheat under short-term drought conditions and the sensitivity of different indices to soil water changes

Studying the physiological responses of winter wheat to drought is conducive to learning to utilize biological water-saving technologies, such as regulating deficit irrigation and obtaining higher water use efficiency (WUE). However, the close relationship between the trend of responses of physiological functions in wheat and changes in soil moisture merits further study. In this study, a two-season pot experiment with three levels of water deficit (45 %–75 % FC, field capacity) was established at three growth stages, based on the theory that the drought-resistant physiological functions of winter wheat could respond to regulated deficit irrigation. The goal was to explore the effects of short-term drought-re-watering on yield and WUE and the sensitivity of wheat leaf physiological indicators to reflect changes in soil moisture. The results showed that the short-term drought in different periods after the jointing period reduced the yield of winter wheat by 2.03 %–64.39 % compared with the treatment of an adequate supply of water (75 %–85 % FC). Priority should be placed on ensuring irrigation during the jointing and filling periods. Treatments that experienced drought during the heading period (55 %–75 % FC) and then recovered to 75 %–85 % FC after flowering can improve the WUE by 5 %–22 %. The physiological function of drought resistance in winter wheat leaves responds noticeably to drought and the re-watering process in the range of 45 %–85 % FC. The maximum values of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase and the contents of malondialdehyde and proline (Pro) during drought increased by 51.9 %, 15.1 %, 40.4 %, and 157.2 %, respectively, compared with those of the control group. The activity of catalase primarily increased after rehydration, and the maximum value was 1.5-fold that of the control group. After 14 days of rehydration, the physiological index values ​​of multiple treatments can be restored to the level of control, which proves that the physiological response within the range of 45 %–85 % FC water change is reversible. Based on the experimental data of the two seasons, the changes in activity of SOD and content of Pro more effectively reflect the changes in soil moisture than the other indicators (ROC analysis, AUC = 0.720−0.978) and have a significant correlation with yield (P < 0.05). Therefore, they can be considered as physiological reference tools to monitor the effect of irrigation and adjust its strategy.

Effects of Long-Term Supplementation with Aluminum or Selenium on the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in Mouse Brain and Liver

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aluminum (Al) or selenium (Se) on the “primary” antioxidant defense system enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) in cells of mouse brain and liver after long-term (8-week) exposure to drinking water supplemented with AlCl3 (50 mg or 100 mg Al/L in drinking water) or Na2SeO3 (0.2 mg or 0.4 mg Se/L in drinking water). Results have shown that a high dose of Se increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in mouse brain and liver. Exposure to a low dose of Se resulted in an increase in catalase activity in mouse brain, but did not show any statistically significant changes in superoxide dismutase activity in both organs. Meanwhile, the administration of both doses of Al caused no changes in activities of these enzymes in mouse brain and liver. The greatest sensitivity to the effect of Al or Se was exhibited by glutathione reductase. Exposure to both doses of Al or Se resulted in statistically significant increase in glutathione reductase activity in both brain and liver. It was concluded that 8-week exposure to Se caused a statistically significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities in mouse brain and/or liver, however, these changes were dependent on the used dose. The exposure to both Al doses caused a statistically significant increase only in glutathione reductase activity of both organs.

Superoxide Dismutase Predicts Persistent Circulation Failure and Mortality in the Early Stage of Acute Pancreatitis.

Oxidative stress is an important event in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Superoxide dismutase is a major antioxidant enzyme in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in superoxide dismutase activity early in the onset of acute pancreatitis and its value in predicting the risk of organ failure and mortality. Data for 2549 patients hospitalized from 2013 to 2017 were extracted from the prospective database, and we selected 854 adult patients who were admitted within 24h of disease onset with complete data. Serum superoxide dismutase activities on the first, second, and third days of hospital admission for patients with different severities, organ failure, and mortality were compared. The areas under the curve for the prediction of organ failure, pancreatic necrosis, and mortality were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Among the 854 adult patients, superoxide dismutase activities were significantly different among patients with mild acute pancreatitis, moderately severe acute pancreatitis, and severe acute pancreatitis (P = 0.005). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in patients with persistent renal failure (77.8 ± 37.2), persistent circulatory failure (66.2 ± 14.9), and mortality (64.3 ± 16.0). The accuracy of superoxide dismutase with regard to predicting persistent circulatory failure and mortality was high, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.83 and 0.84, respectively. Superoxide dismutase activity was negatively correlated with the severity and clinical outcome of AP. Superoxide dismutase activity is highly accurate at predicting persistent circulation failure and mortality in the early stage of AP.

Ecotype-Specific Pathways of Reactive Oxygen Species Deactivation in Facultative Metallophyte Silene Vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Treated with Heavy Metals.

This research aimed to indicate mechanisms involved in protection against the imbalanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during heavy metals (HMs) exposition of Silene vulgaris ecotypes with different levels of metal tolerance. Specimens of non-metallicolous (NM), calamine (CAL), and serpentine (SER) ecotypes were treated in vitro with Zn, Pb, and Cd ions applied simultaneously in concentrations that reflected their contents in natural habitats of the CAL ecotype (1× HMs) and 2.5- or 5.0-times higher than the first one. Our findings confirmed the sensitivity of the NM ecotype and revealed that the SER ecotype was not fully adapted to the HM mixture, since intensified lipid peroxidation, ultrastructural alternations, and decline in photosynthetic pigments’ content were ascertained under HM treatment. These changes resulted from insufficient antioxidant defense mechanisms based only on ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity assisted (depending on HMs concentration) by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase activity at pH 6.8 in the NM ecotype or by GST and guaiacol-type peroxidase in the SER one. In turn, CAL specimens showed a hormetic reaction to 1× HMs, which manifested by both increased accumulation of pigments and most non-enzymatic antioxidants and enhanced activity of catalase and enzymes from the peroxidase family (with the exception of APX). Interestingly, no changes in superoxide dismutase activity were noticed in metallicolous ecotypes. To sum up, the ROS scavenging pathways in S. vulgaris relied on antioxidants specific to the respective ecotypes, however the synthesis of polyphenols was proved to be a universal reaction to HMs.

Exogenous p-Coumaric Acid Improves Salvia hispanica L. Seedling Shoot Growth.

p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) belongs to a family of natural esters of hydroxycinnamic acid compounds that have been shown to modulate plant growth and metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous p-CA on plant growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative damage, photosynthetic metabolism, osmolyte content and changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity. Exogenous p-CA improved Salvia hispanica (chia) growth by significantly enhancing shoot length, fresh and dry weights coupled with augmented levels of total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Furthermore, p-CA also triggered an induction in proline, glycine betaine (GB) and superoxide (O2∙−) levels while no changes were observed for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and downstream malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Also, no change in SOD activity was observed in the p-CA treatment relative to the control. Therefore, the results suggest that exogenous p-CA improves chia seedling growth possibly via activation of a ROS-signalling pathway involving O2∙− under the control of proline accumulation.

Inhaled molecular hydrogen attenuates intense acute exercise-induced hippocampal inflammation in sedentary rats

Physical exercise-induced inflammation may be beneficial when exercise is regular but it may be harmful when exercise is intense and performed by unaccustomed individuals/rats. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has recently emerged as a powerful anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic molecule in a number of pathological conditions, but little is known about its putative role under physiological conditions such as physical exercise. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that H2 decreases intense acute exercise-induced inflammation in the hippocampus, since it is a brain region particularly susceptible to inflammation. Moreover, we also assessed hippocampus oxidative status. Rats ran on a sealed treadmill inhaling either the H2 (2% H2, 21% O2, balanced with N2) or the control gas (0% H2, 21% O2, balanced with N2) and hippocampal samples were collected immediately or 3 h after exercise. We measured hippocampal levels of cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10] and oxidative markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx)]. Exercise increased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 immediately after the session, whereas no change in IL-1β levels was observed. Conversely, exercise did not cause any change in SOD activity, TBARS and NOx levels. H2 inhibited the exercise-induced surges in TNF-α and IL-6, and potentiated the IL-10 surge, immediately after the exercise. Moreover, no change in IL1-β levels of rats inhaling H2 was observed. Regarding the oxidative stress markers, H2 failed to cause any change in SOD activity, TBARS and NOx levels. No significant change was observed in any of the assessed parameters 3 h after the exercise bout. These data are consistent with the notion that H2 acts as a powerful anti-inflammatory agent not only down-modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) but also upregulating an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) production without affecting the local oxidative stress status. These data indicate that H2 effectively decreases exercise-induced inflammation in the hippocampus, despite the fact that this region is particularly prone to inflammatory insults.

Molecular mechanism of CAT and SOD activity change under MPA-CdTe quantum dots induced oxidative stress in the mouse primary hepatocytes.

Quantum dots (QDs) are a unique class of nano-materials that have attractive potentials in biological and biomedical applications, and the concern on their biosafety is concomitantly increasing. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered to be one of the reasons that induce the in vitro QDs induced toxic response. However, the exact molecular pathways underlying these effects remain poorly clarified and few studies combine the molecular results with the cellular results to explore the cytotoxic effect of QDs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) capped CdTe QDs on the structures and functions of two antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD), and then associated with the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress induced by MPA-CdTe QDs on mouse hepatocytes to define the toxic underlying mechanism. The molecular experiment results showed that the exposure of QDs significantly changed the conformation of CAT and SOD, and leading to the promotion of molecular CAT activity and the inhibition of molecular SOD activity. Meanwhile, the cellular experiment results demonstrated that exposure to QDs changed the activities of CAT and SOD in mouse primary hepatocytes, led to the break of redox balance and resulted in the oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. This study explores the effects of MPA- CdTe QDs to the CAT and SOD molecules and then demonstrates the subsequent QDs toxic effects at a cellular level, revealing their potential risk in biomedical applications.

A longitudinal follow-up study of oxidative stress and DNA damage among farmers exposed to pesticide mixtures.

Exposure to pesticides may have increased risk of oxidative stress and genetic damage and hence of development of chronic diseases. The aim of this longitudinal follow-up study is to compare oxidative stress and DNA damage between the pre- and post-pesticide application seasons among 56 male farmers. The study also investigated the factors associated with changes in oxidative stress, DNA damage, and health symptoms during the pesticide application season. The eligibility criteria for the subjects were men aged between 25 and 55years, applied pesticide mixtures during May and June 2018, and healthy without current illness. Ten milliliters of venous blood samples was collected twice from each subject in the pre- and post-pesticide application seasons for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), comet tail length, and comet tail moment. The remarkable findings included a statistically significant increase in SOD activity during the pesticide application season (P < 0.001). However, there were no statistical differences in 8-OHdG, comet tail length, and comet tail moment. When we analyzed the factors associated with changes in SOD activity during the pesticide application season by using linear regression analysis, working hours on the farm (B ± SE. = 0.790 ± 0.341, P = 0.025) and planting activities (B ± SE. = 1.217 ± 0.504, P = 0.020) were associated with increase in SOD activity. Therefore, increase in SOD may be a consequence of oxidative damage induced by pesticide exposure and this marker may be used as an early warning for pesticide-induced acute and chronic toxicities.

Assessment of pollution biomarker and stable isotope data in Mytilus galloprovincialis tissues.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the antioxidant defense enzymes in mussels and converts the superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide and this enzyme is used as biomarkers of oxidative damage. As well as many topics in ecology, stable isotopes are also signature for organic and heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to compare the stable carbon and nitrogen values of different mussel tissues and the changes on the SOD values of the same tissues in order to understand the relationship between two mechanisms of bioindicator processes of physiological response of mussel to pollution. The changes in SOD activity in the gill, hepatopancreas, and mantle tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis with δ13C and δ15N isotopes were assessed in two locations (Kepez and Güzelyalı) in Çanakkale. The SOD values of mussel samples were found as the gill > hepatopancreas > mantle collected from Kepez and the gill > hepatopancreas collected from Güzelyalı. There were no significant differences among the mean SOD values of different tissues. There was enrichment both in nitrogen and carbon isotope values of hepatopancreas tissues both in Kepez and Güzelyalı samples. There was a negative correlation between both isotope values and SOD values of samples. As well as SOD values, the isotopic composition of particularly hepatopancreas tissue is a good indicator for evaluation of pollution.

Effects of melatonin on acetylsalicylic acid induced gastroduodenal and jejunal mucosal injury

We evaluated the effects of melatonin on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) induced gastroduodenal and jejunal mucosal injury. We used 40 postpubertal rats divided randomly into five groups of eight animals. The control group consisted of untreated animals. The Mel group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 5 mg/kg melatonin. The ASA group was injected i.p. with 200 mg/kg ASA. The ASA + Mel group was injected i.p. with 5 mg/kg melatonin 45 min after administering 200 mg/kg ASA i.p. The Mel + ASA group was injected i.p. with 5 mg/kg melatonin 45 min before administering 200 mg/kg ASA i.p. We found no statistically significant differences in mean histopathological scores in the ASA + Mel group compared to the ASA group. ASA caused shortened villi and loss of the apical villus in the duodenum. The histopathological score was increased and villus height was decreased in the ASA group compared to untreated controls. Treatment with melatonin attenuated the histological damage. In the ASA group, occasional areas showed erosion of villi in the jejunum; however, differences in mean histopathological score in ASA group compared to the other groups were not statistically significant. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in stomach, duodenal and jejunum tissue. We found increased MDA activity in both stomach and duodenal tissues in the ASA group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). We found no statistically significant changes in MDA levels in jejunal tissue in the ASA group compared to the control group. We found no change in SOD activity in either stomach or duodenal tissues in the ASA group compared to the control group. We observed decreased SOD activity in jejunal tissue in the ASA group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). We detected no change in GSH activity in stomach, duodenal or jejunal tissues in the ASA group compared to the control group. The stomach damage was less in melatonin treated groups, but the lesions were not completely eliminated. The jejunum in the ASA group retained a nearly normal appearance. We found that melatonin exhibited some healing effects on ASA induced duodenal mucosal injury.

Changes in superoxide dismutase activity postpartum from Laoshan goat milk and factors influencing its stability during processing

The aim of the study was to evaluate superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity from partum to 165 days postpartum of Laoshan dairy goat milk and factors affecting the stability of SOD by the autoxidation of pyrogallol method. The results indicated that the SOD activity in colostrum milk was significantly higher than that in mature milk; and it first decreased and then increased for mature milk. There was a significant decline in SOD activity from 98.54 U/mL at 65 °C for 30 min treatment to 39.04 U/mL at 100 °C for 5 min treatment. It indicated that SOD activity was not entirely lost, and SOD had strong resistance to high temperature. Maximal SOD activity was recorded at pH 6.5 whereas pH greater or lesser than this resulted in decreased activity. In addition, the change of SOD activity under alkaline conditions was less than that under acidic conditions. SOD activities were 105.12 and 67.08 U/mL when the rotational speeds were 45 and 400 g, respectively. Thus, SOD activity decreased as rotational speed increased. The SOD activity increased when the calcium ion concentration was increased, which ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 mg/mL. SOD activity was significantly increased by 26% in the first 4 days and decreased after 4 days in the process of fermentation. And the activity of SOD for the fifth day decreased 20% over that of the fourth day. These data comprehensively demonstrate a range of conditions change that significantly affects the integrity, activity and function of SOD in goat milk.

紫穗槐幼苗根系生理特性和解剖结构对PEG-6000模拟干旱的响应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 紫穗槐幼苗根系生理特性和解剖结构对PEG-6000模拟干旱的响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201610312216 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项（2572014CA27） Response of physiological characteristics and anatomical structure of roots in Amorpha fruticosa seedlings exposed to simulated drought with PEG-6000 Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:采用PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫处理，测定了紫穗槐幼苗根系的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸含量及SOD、POD酶活性变化以及解剖结构特征，旨在比较不同干旱程度对紫穗槐幼苗根系生理指标、内部解剖结构的影响，探索紫穗槐幼苗对水分胁迫的适应能力，揭示紫穗槐幼苗根系对土壤水分胁迫的响应和调控机制。结果表明：丙二醛含量变化显示当PEG-6000溶液浓度超过50g/L以后，紫穗槐幼苗根的膜系统开始受到损伤，并在PEG-6000溶液浓度达到250g/L受损程度显著增强，达到了对照的1.6倍，同时启动渗透调节作用（游离脯氨酸含量显著增加），达到了对照的3.8倍，在PEG-6000溶液浓度低于200g/L时，紫穗槐幼苗根系中至少没有启动以游离脯氨酸为主的渗透调节过程。可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量及SOD、POD酶活性的变化印证了胞内发生的生理代谢变化，在PEG-6000溶液浓度为200g/L时，可溶性糖含量仅为0.121mg/g，达到最低点，随后上升，当PEG-6000溶液浓度进一步增加到250g/L时，紫穗槐幼苗根系中的可溶性糖含量则迅速回升到0.64mg/g，为对照组的63.37%。可溶性蛋白质含量在低浓度PEG-6000溶液（50g/L）处理下即有明显反应，下降到对照的61.5%，随后呈波动性变化。SOD和POD活性对PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫的响应规律类似，均对PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫处理迅速响应且活性增加。当PEG-6000溶液浓度达到50g/L至100g/L时，抗氧化酶的合成量最高，而后活性下降。60d的PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫处理影响了紫穗槐幼苗根系的生长发育，随着PEG-6000溶液浓度增加，维管柱的直径变大，木质部厚度增大，导管直径变小、但导管密度增加，当PEG-6000溶液浓度达到250g/L时，导管密度比对照组增加了41.3%，木质部厚度比对照组增加了91.5%。以上结果表明，PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫处理下，不同胁迫程度紫穗槐内部生理和根系解剖结构变化不同，通过改变自身生理代谢和根系内部解剖结构，以适应土壤水分胁迫的逆境条件，来满足自身生长和发育的需求平衡。 Abstract:In this study, we used the PEG-6000 to simulate drought stress, and determined the content of soluble sugars, soluble protein, MDA(Malondialdehyde), and free proline, and changes in enzyme activities of SOD(Superoxide dismutase) and POD(Peroxidase) in roots of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings and in their anatomical features. Our objectives were to examine the effects of different levels of drought on the physiological indices and internal anatomical structures of seedlings of Amorpha fruticosa. Furthermore, we explored the adaptability response and regulation mechanism to water stress of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. The results indicated that MDA appeared when the concentration of PEG-6000 was more than 50g/L, and the membrane system of Amorpha fruticosa seedling roots began to suffer damage. When the PEG-6000 concentration reached 250g/L, the extent of damage was significantly enhanced, reaching 1.6 times that of the the control group, and at the beginning of osmotic adjustment (free proline content increased significantly), it reached 3.8 times that of the control group. When the concentration of PEG-6000 solution was less than 200g/L, the osmotic adjustment process was not initiated in the roots of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings with free proline. The physiological metabolism of the cell was verified through changes in soluble sugar and soluble proteincontent, and SOD and POD activity. When the concentration of PEG-6000 was 200g/L, the soluble sugar content was 0.121mg/g, reached its lowest point, and then increased. As the PEG-6000 solution concentration further increased to 250g/L, the soluble sugar content in the roots of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings rapidly increased to 0.64mg/g, which was 63.37% of that of the control group. Soluble protein content in the low concentration of PEG-6000 solution (50g/L) treatment decreased to 61.5% of that of the control group, followed by fluctuating changes. SOD and POD activities were similar to PEG-6000 simulated drought stress, and rapidly responded to PEG-6000 simulated drought stress treatment. Simultaneously, the enzyme activity of POD and SOD were increased. When the concentration of PEG-6000 was 50g/L to 100g/L, the synthesis of antioxidant enzyme was the highest, and then it decreased. SOD amplitude activity differed by more than six fold. Changes in POD activity were relatively small, and the difference in amplitude was less than a multiple of one. The 60-、day PEG-6000 solution simulating the drought stress affected the growth and development of the root system of the Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. With the increasing concentration of PEG-6000, the diameter of the vascular bundles increased. At the same time, the diameter of the catheter decreased, but its density increased. When the concentration of PEG-6000 reached 250g/L, the catheter density increased by 41.3% compared with that of the control group, and xylem thickness increased by 91.5% compared with that of the control group. The results showed that under different levels of drought stress treatments, the internal physiology and root anatomical structures of Amorpha fruticosa varied. The stress conditions of water and self-、growth and development balance needs were satisfied by altering their physiological metabolism and the internal anatomical structure of the roots. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HUMAN MIXED SALIVA IN NORM

It is known that the monitoring of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity allows to assess the level of influence of environmental situation in particular chemical factors of ecosystem on public health. "Oxidative stress" is one of the mechanisms of environmental influence on human organism. Considering complex character of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity change interpretation of the obtained results can be difficult, thus it is more effective to use integrated indices in particular, antioxidant activity. The aim of the study was to develop approaches to assessing the severity of "oxidative stress" by determining the activity of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant activity of human saliva and study variations of these parameters in norm. It is shown that activity of individual antioxidant enzymes varies even during the day, and therefore the interpretation of these values і s difficult. Antioxidant activity can be a most promising indicator for assessing the intensity of the "oxidative stress" of biological fluids, such as saliva. Method of determining of antioxidant activity saliva is picked up using 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol. Temporal and physiological characteristics are determined for the dynamics of saliva antioxidant activity in norm, the stability of this parameter is shown, taking into account age and gender characteristics.