Serum Enzyme Changes Research Articles

Assessment of Hepatotoxic Effects and Serum Enzyme Changes Induced by Naja melanoleuca Venom in Albino Rats

Assessment of Hepatotoxic Effects and Serum Enzyme Changes Induced by Naja melanoleuca Venom in Albino Rats

Effects of Age and Season on Blood Parameters of Captive Giant Pandas: A Pilot Study.

The giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, serves as a flagship species for biodiversity conservation, embodying the intersection of ecological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic forces shaping the natural world. Hematological parameters serve as crucial indicators for assessing the physiological status of animals. However, our understanding of blood parameters and hemorheology in captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions is limited. In this study, from September 2018 to August 2020, we collected blood samples from captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions. Twelve captive giant pandas, ranging in age from 2 to 28 years, were divided into three groups based on their age, and the variations in basic blood parameters and hemorheological parameters across four seasons were analyzed. This provided baseline data for future blood sample comparisons in non-anesthetized captive giant pandas. Additionally, we observed seasonal changes in hematological morphology, hemorheology, and serum enzymes. Moreover, seasonality had a regulatory effect on hemorheological parameters and negatively impacted blood viscosity. Age influenced changes in serum enzymes, serum protein content, and serum metabolites, indicating differences in overall metabolic processes among giant pandas of different age groups. Whether factors such as season and climate contribute to environmental stress in captive giant pandas requires further investigation. The findings of this study may help to protect the stability of the giant panda population better and provide a reference for the medical care of captive giant pandas.

Changes in Serum Enzymes and Related Mechanisms of Respiratory Dysfunction in Patients after Venomous Snake Bite and Analysis of Anti-Venomous Snake Serum Treatment.

To explore the changes in serum enzymes in patients with a snake bite, the treatment of respiratory dysfunction, and the clinical effect of anti-snake serum treatment. Fifty snake bite patients admitted to the emergency medicine department were selected and rolled into a light group (n=27), heavy group (n=15), and critical group (n=8). Anti-venomous snake serum was injected intravenously. Patients with severe respiratory dysfunction were treated with mechanical ventilation. The white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) counts of the heavy group and the critical group were higher versus light group (P<0.05). The WBC, CRP, IL-6, ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr of the critical group were higher versus the heavy group (P<0.05). The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thrombin time (APTT), and thrombin time (TT) of the heavy group and critical group were longer versus the light group (P<0.05). The PT, APTT, and TT of the critical group were longer than the heavy group (P<0.05). The fibrinogen (FIB) of the light group was higher in contrast to that in the other two groups (P<0.05), while the critical group was the lowest (P<0.05). In summary, the severity of snakebites in patients can be evaluated according to the indexes of WBC, IL-6, coagulation function, and liver and kidney function.

PSXI-16 Effects of Transportation to Tibet on Serum Biochemical Characteristics of Sanhe Heifers

Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to study the impact of transportation to Tibet on the biochemical characteristics of Sanhe heifers serum. (Method) Among the 60 Sanhe heifers transported to Tibet, 12 animals, 12-14 months of age and similar weights were randomly selected. According to the location of the transportation route, they were divided into three groups: the transportation starting point Inner Mongolia group (Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), the Qinghai group during transportation (Xining City, Qinghai Province) and the transportation destination Tibet Group (Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region). Blood samples of Sanhe heifers were collected by tail root blood collection method, serum was separated, and serum antioxidant indexes, immunoglobulins, cytokines, serum enzymes, serum hormones and other serum biochemical indexes were detected. The results showed that: 1) Sanhe heifers serum superoxide dismutase in Inner Mongolia and Tibet groups was significantly less than that in Qinghai group (P &amp;lt; 0.05); Catalase in Inner Mongolia and Qinghai groups was significantly less than that in Tibet group (P &amp;lt; 0.05) ); 2) The three groups of Sanhe heifers serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 concentrations were not significantly different (P &amp;gt; 0.05); 3) The Sanhe heifers serum insulin in Qinghai group and Tibet group was significantly less In the Inner Mongolia group (P &amp;lt; 0.05), the Sanhe heifers serum cortisol in the Tibet group was significantly less than that in the Inner Mongolia group (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and the Sanhe heifers serum thyroid hormone in the Inner Mongolia and Qinghai groups was significantly greater than that in the Tibet group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In summary, in the process of transportation in this experiment, the significant changes of Sanhe heifers serum antioxidant indexes, enzymes, hormones and other serum biochemical indexes may be the response of the body to the stress state during transportation and arrival.

Effects of Vaccination Against Coccidiosis on Gut Microbiota and Immunity in Broiler Fed Bacitracin and Berry Pomace.

Feeding practices have been found to influence gut microbiota which play a major role in immunity of poultry. In the present study, changes in cecal microbiota and humoral responses resulting in the 55 ppm bacitracin (BACI), 1% each of cranberry (CP1) and wild blueberry (BP1) pomace alone or in combination (CP+BP) feeding in broiler Cobb 500 vaccinated or not against coccidiosis were investigated. In the non-vaccinated group, no significant treatment effects were observed on performance parameters. Vaccination significantly affected bird’s performance parameters particularly during the growing phase from 10 to 20 days of age. In general, the prevalence of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE) was reduced by vaccination (P < 0.05). BACI-treated birds showed low intestinal lesion scores, and both CP1 and BP1 feed supplementations reduced Eimeria acervulina and Clostridium perfringens incidences similar to BACI. Vaccination induced change in serum enzymes, minerals, and lipid levels in 21-day old birds while, levels of triglyceride (TRIG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were higher (P < 0.05) in CP1 treated non–vaccinated group than in the control. The levels of NEFA were lower in BACI- and CP1-fed birds than in the control in non-vaccinated day 28 old birds. The highest levels of all estimated three immunoglobulins (IgY, IgM, and IgA) were found in the vaccinated birds. Metagenomics analysis of the cecal bacterial community in 21-day old birds showed the presence of Firmicutes (90%), Proteobacteria (5%), Actinobacteria (2%), and Bacteroidetes (2%). In the vaccinated group, an effect of BACI was noted on Proteobacteria (P = 0.03). Vaccination and/or dietary treatments influenced the population of Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Streptococcaceae which were among the most abundant families. Overall, this study revealed that besides their beneficial effects on performance, alike bacitracin, berry pomaces in poultry feed have profound impacts on the chicken cecal microbiota and blood metabolites that could be influenced by vaccination against coccidiosis.

Histopathological and Serum Enzyme Changes of Propofol Combined with Pre-Anesthetic Agents in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia)

Objective- Because of the several differences between avian and mammalian physiology and anatomy, avian anesthesia requires to be more attentive. The aim of this study was to determine a safe injectable anesthetic agent that had more compatibility with the avian features. Design- Experimental study Animals- Twelve male pigeons Procedure- The pigeons weighing 302±35 g (mean±SD) were divided into two groups (n=6). In group 1, midazolam (6 mg/kg,-IM) and in group 2, metamizole (500 mg/kg,-IM) were administrated as the pre-anesthetic agents and thereafter, propofol (8 mg/kg,-IV) was injected as the main anesthetic drug in both groups. The serum enzymatic changes were analyzed before and 1 hour after the last injection. Histopathological examinations of the liver and kidneys were also evaluated in terms of possible damages to the tissue. Results- The results of blood biochemistry evaluation in group 1 showed significant changes in the levels of AST and LDH before and after the injections (p 0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance- Based on the results, metamizole and propofol combination showed that is safer than midazolam and propofol in terms of blood biochemical and histopathological evaluations and is more compatible with pigeons.

White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes

Tremetone and possibly other benzofuran ketones are believed to be the toxic compounds in white snakeroot. However, disease has not been reproduced with purified toxins and the concentrations of the benzofuran ketones in white snakeroot populations that cause toxicosis have not been documented. The objectives of this study were to compare the toxicity of seven plant populations, better characterize the clinical and pathologic changes of poisoning, and correlate intoxication with benzofuran ketone content. Four of the seven white snakeroot collections were toxic at the dose and duration used in the study. Affected goats became exercise intolerant, had significant serum enzyme changes and histological lesions in the large appendicular muscles. The incidence and severity of poisoning was not correlated with total doses of tremetone or total benzofuran ketone concentrations suggesting they may not be closely involved in producing toxicity and the possible involvement of an unidentified toxin. The results also demonstrate that white snakeroot populations vary chemically and toxicologically.

Comparison of muscle pathology in riboflavin-responsive lipid storage myopathy before and after treatment: one case report and review of literature

Objective To study the muscular pathological characteristics in riboflavin-responsive lipid storage myopathy before and after treatment. Methods A 10-year follow-up visit was made on a patient with riboflavin-responsive lipid storage myopathy, and the changes of serum enzymes, and both histological and ultrastructural data acquired by general muscular pathology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscope were observed before and after treatment by using levocarnitine. ETFDH gene were detected in the patient and his family. Results The patient presented limb weakness, difficulty in raising head and dysphagia, which were typical clinical features of lipid storage myopathy (LSM). The serum creatine kinase (CK) level and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level elevated evidently. EMG showed myogenic abnormality, and muscular pathology revealed numerous lipid droplets deposited in the fibers. ATPase staining showed predominant atrophy of typeⅠ fibers and relative increasing of the portion of typeⅡ fibers. Modified Gomori trichrome (MGT) staining did not observe ragged red fibers. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive expression of dystrophin. Sultan Ⅲ staining revealed multiple vacuolated myofibers. ETFDH gene test showed two heterozygous mutations in the patient. After treating with levocarnitine for several years, the patient could live a normal life. The muscular pathological result returned to normal. Conclusions After appropriate therapy, patient with lipid storage myopathy can not only gain complete remission clinically, but also the reversion of lesion pathologically. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.06.005

Disruption of estrus and conception in the acute phase of Fasciola gigantica infections in Yankasa ewes

The effect of the hepatic migratory phase of Fasciola gigantica infections on estrus response to synchronization, conception rates, serum enzyme and biochemical changes in Yankasa ewes was investigated. Twelve adult Yankasa ewes were randomly assigned to one of two groups of 6 animals each. The ewes in Group 1 were each infected with 1,200 metacercaria of F. gigantica each while Group 2 served as non infected controls for the study. The ewes in both groups were then synchronized for estrus at 7 weeks post infection (WPI), and intact rams were introduced for heat detection and breeding. Pregnancy was confirmed by progesterone levels and non-return to estrus 21 days post breeding. Estrus response was 66.6 and 100% in infected and controls, respectively, but all infected animals returned to estrus by 42 days post breeding, indicating conception failure or an early embryonic death. Pathophysiological signs included anorexia, progressive anemia, emaciation and significant hypoproteinemia. Hepatic dysfunction was indicated by the significant increases in liver enzymes; aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels in infected ewes and at post mortem hepatic fibrosis of the liver with intra-hepatic hemorrhage was observed. It is concluded that fasciolosis has an adverse effect on conception and establishment of the fetus in the acute migratory phase. Key words: Fasciola gigantica, estrus, conception, ewes, productivity, Nigeria.

Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses to Thermal Stress in Goats

Livestock undergo various kinds of stress such as physical, nutritional, chemical, psychological and thermal stress. Among all thermal stress is most concerning now a day in the ever changing climatic scenario. Thermal stress redistributes the body resources including protein and energy at t he cost of decreased growth, reproduction, production and health. Goats (Capra hircus) are relatively resistant to harsh environmental conditions. Thermal stress stimulates sort of complex responses which are fundamentals in the preservation of cell survival. Physiological responses to thermal stress are rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, skin temperature; hormonal changes in terms of thyroxin, tri-iodothyronine, cortisol, electrolyte concentration; hematological responses like hemoglobin level and packed cell volume. Biochemical responses include changes in antioxidants level, plasma or serum enzymes and metabolites like blood glucose, total cholesterol level. At molecular level changes in gene expression of heat shock proteins and many other proteins ensure protections. Altogether these physiological, biochemical and molecular responses makes the goats to survive in harsh environment.

Serum biochemical indicators of hepatobiliary function in dogs following prolonged anaesthesia with sevoflurane or isoflurane

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in serum enzymes considered as biochemical indicators of hepatobiliary function in dogs following 5 hours of anaesthesia with isoflurane (ISO) or sevoflurane (SEVO). Study designExperimental randomized crossover study, with intervals of at least 15 days between successive treatments. AnimalsEight healthy adult mongrel dogs, four male, four female, weight 13.6–21.6 kg. MethodsTreatments consisted of anaesthesia with ISO or SEVO at 1 or 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) delivered in oxygen. MAC was taken as 1.39% for ISO and 2.36% for SEVO. Anaesthesia was induced by mask then, after endotracheal intubation, maintained according to the treatment protocol using a small animal circle system. Cardiopulmonary monitoring was carried out. Venous blood samples, obtained by needle puncture, were taken at 24 hours and 2, 7 and 14 days post anaesthesia. Serum concentrations of total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase, (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferese and total bilirubin were measured. Changes with time and with treatment were compared by Friedman analysis, Wilcoxon Signed test and Kruskal-Wallis test as relevant. p- value < 0.05 was considered significant. ResultsCompared to base-line values, at 24 hours post-anaesthesia there were significant increases in AST, ALT, ALP and LDH following one or more of the treatments, but by 2 days residual changes were not significant. At 24 hours, AST for treatment 1.5 MAC ISO was higher than 1 MAC ISO (p < 0.002), and LDH higher for 1.5 MAC SEVO than 1 MAC SEVO. Conclusion and clinical relevanceBoth ISO and SEVO, at concentrations used for clinical anaesthesia, produce transient moderate effects on some hepatobiliary enzyme concentrations in dogs.

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Leaves ofCassia sopheraLinn.

In the present study, the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts of Cassia sophera Linn. leaves was evaluated against carbon-tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced hepatic damage in rats. The extracts at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were administered orally once daily. The hepatoprotection was assessed in terms of reduction in histological damage, changes in serum enzymes, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and total protein levels. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin were restored towards the normalization significantly by the extracts. The decreased serum total protein level was significantly normalized. Silymarin was used as standard reference and exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections. The results of this study strongly indicate that Cassia sophera leaves have potent hepatoprotective action against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. This study suggests that possible activity may be due to the presence of flavonoids in the extracts.

Safety evaluation of Mucor rouxii CFR-G15 biomass containing ω-6 fatty acids in rats

Mucor rouxii CFR-G15 is an oleaginous zygomycetous fungus. The mycelia of the fungus accumulate 35.0±0.8% total lipid of which, 18.55±0.46% is gamma linolenic acid. Acute and subchronic studies were conducted by feeding rats with dry biomass of M. rouxii CFR-G15 to assess the safety of the oils in the fungal mycelium. For acute toxicity studies, adult male rats fed with diet at 0, 5000, 10,000, 25,000, 50,000mg/kg bw for 1day, and the animals were monitored for 14days. Rats weighing 35±2.5g were fed for 13weeks with a diet incorporating 2500, 5000, 10,000 and 20,000mg/kg (w/w) dry biomass for subchronic toxicity studies. Control consists of the diet without the dry biomass. Dietary feeding of M. rouxii biomass at any level showed no significant changes (p>0.05) in food intake, body weight, organs weight and serum enzymes. Macroscopic and microscopic observations revealed that the vital organs were unaffected by the feed containing the dry biomass. However, triglycerides and cholesterol levels in serum were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the test rats. The results of this study suggests that feeding fungal mycelia containing oil is safe when fed to rats and also shows positive effects on controlling triglycerides and cholesterol.

TLR9 and IRF3 Cooperate to Induce a Systemic Inflammatory Response in Mice Injected With Liposome:DNA

Liposome:DNA is a promising gene therapy vector. However, this vector can elicit a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Prior reports indicate that liposome:DNA vectors activate Toll-like receptor (TLR)9. We hypothesized that liposome:DNA vectors also activate the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, which signals via interferon (IFN) regulatory factor (IRF)3. To test this, we treated dendritic cells (DCs) with liposome:DNA in vitro and found that IRF3 was phosphorylated independent of TLR9. To test the contribution of this pathway in vivo, we injected a liposome:DNA vector into wild-type (WT), TLR9-knockout (KO), IRF3-KO, and TLR9-IRF3-double-KO (DKO) mice. WT mice exhibited a systemic inflammatory response, evidenced by elevations in serum cytokines, serum enzyme changes indicating organ damage, hypothermia, and mortality. The cytokine response was reduced in TLR9-KO, IRF3-KO, and TLR9-IRF3-DKO mice and all three groups survived. We found that IFN-gamma-KO mice that receive liposome:DNA had a reduced cytokine response and 100% survival. CD11c(+) and NK1.1(+) cells produced IFN-gamma and depleting CD11c(+) cells reduced the cytokine response in mice injected with liposome:DNA. These findings may facilitate the development of immunologically inert gene therapy vectors and may provide general insight into the mechanisms of SIRS.

Haemolytic effects and changes in serum enzymes in normal rats exposed to halofantrine hydrochloride overdose.

The levels of serum enzymes and haemolytic effects of overdose of halofantrine hydrochloride were determined in adult male rats. The animals were grouped into four groups and were orally administered halofantine hydrochloride in normal saline: 0 mg/kg (control), 4 mg/kg (under-dose), 8 mg/kg (normal dose) and 16 mg/kg (overdose) in three repeated doses at 6 h interval. The changes in serum enzyme levels were determined by monitoring the levels alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total serum albumin. The haemolytic effect of the drug was monitored by the changes in packed cell volume (PCV), total bilirubin and direct bilirubin. There were significant increases in the ALT, AST and ALP levels in both the normal dose and overdose when compared with the control. The reduction in total serum albumin in normal dose and overdose was also significant (p < 0.05). The result also revealed a significant decrease in PCV and increase in total and direct bilrubin (p < 0.05) in the overdose groups. The result is indicative of the hepatotoxicity and haemotoxicity of halofantrine hydrochloride in normal dose and overdose conditions. Key words: Halofantrine hydrochloride, haemotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, serum enzymes.

Hepatoprotective effect of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth against acetaminophen intoxication in rats.

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Lamiceae) is commonly used by the Malaysian for the treatment of many diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of O. stamineus against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was studied. Fourty-two young male SD rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: normal control group, APAP control group, silymarin treated group and four groups receiving methanol extract of O. stamineus in varying dosages. The hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of O. stamineus extract on SD rats was determined by using serum enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and the percentage of hepatocytes viability. 2 g/kg of APAP caused a significant liver damage in APAP control group compared to normal control group. However, pretreatment with 500 mg/kg of methanol extract of O. stamineus to rats was significantly reverted all the APAP-induced changes in serum enzymes and the percentage of hepatocytes viability compared to the APAP control group. The results suggest that the use of methanol extract of O. stamineus appeared to be beneficial to rats in preventing the liver damage induced by APAP and may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.

Abstract: P1201 IS INSULIN THE CAUSE OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN TYPE-1 DIABETES MELLITUS? A PILOT STUDY

S. K. Suneja, D. S. Wagle and G. C. Ram. T-2 toxin induced changes in liver and serum enzymes of rats. Toxicon25, 793 – 796, 1987.—The effects on liver and serum enzymes of feeding a single dose (2 mg/kg) and daily doses (0.75 mg/kg) of T-2 toxin were studied in young male rats. Sample times were 8, 16 and 24 hr for single dose administration and 7, 14 and 21 days for daily dose administration. T-2 toxin in single and daily doses significantly reduced activities of hepatic glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline and acid phosphatases at all the sampling periods. In both feeding trials, levels of serum GPT increased, while that of acid and alkaline phosphatases significantly decreased at all the sampling times. This study indicates that the liver is affected by feeding T-2 toxin to rats.

Rapid Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis by Coronary Artery Spasm Leading to Acute Coronary Syndrome

HomeCirculationVol. 119, No. 16Rapid Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis by Coronary Artery Spasm Leading to Acute Coronary Syndrome Free AccessReview ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessReview ArticlePDF/EPUBRapid Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis by Coronary Artery Spasm Leading to Acute Coronary Syndrome Ichiro Sakamoto, Masahiro Mohri and Hideo Yamamoto Ichiro SakamotoIchiro Sakamoto From the Department of Cardiology, Kyushu Kosei-Nenkin Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan. Search for more papers by this author , Masahiro MohriMasahiro Mohri From the Department of Cardiology, Kyushu Kosei-Nenkin Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan. Search for more papers by this author and Hideo YamamotoHideo Yamamoto From the Department of Cardiology, Kyushu Kosei-Nenkin Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan. Search for more papers by this author Originally published28 Apr 2009https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.839522Circulation. 2009;119:2233–2234A 67-year-old normotensive, normolipidemic man presented with short-lasting chest pain followed by syncope. Intracoronary ergonovine maleate (40 μg) provoked a severe spasm in the middle portion of right coronary artery (Figure 1A and 1B, arrow), but there was no significant (>50%) right or left coronary artery disease after intracoronary nitrates (Figure 1C). The patient was diagnosed as having vasospastic angina. Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 1. Right coronary arteriograms before (A) and after intracoronary ergonovine (B) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN; C).Three years later, he presented with sustained, nitroglycerin-resistant chest pain at our emergency room. Emergent coronary arteriography revealed a high-grade stenosis where coronary spasm had been documented earlier (Figure 2A, arrow). Intracoronary administration of isosorbide dinitrate improved distal filling but failed to dilate the stenosed segment (Figure 2B). Intravascular ultrasound confirmed coronary plaque at that segment (Figure 2B, inset), and a bare metal stent was successfully implanted (Figure 2C). Serial changes in serum enzymes confirmed the diagnosis of acute non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 2. Right coronary arteriograms before (A) and after intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN; B) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; C).Although coronary spasm has been implicated to cause atherosclerosis progression over years,1 there are few reports demonstrating a critical role of coronary artery spasm in rapid plaque progression and the development of acute coronary syndrome. Because there was no disease progression in left coronary artery segments, it was assumed that focal spasm might have contributed to a ruptured atheromatous plaque in our patient, leading eventually to myocardial infarction. Previous experimental studies have shown that coronary artery spasm could cause intraplaque hemorrhage and acute myocardial infarction in the swine model.2 Thus, coronary vasospasm may play an important role in the pathogenesis of not only variant angina but also acute coronary syndrome, as seen in this patient.DisclosuresNone.FootnotesCorrespondence to Masahiro Mohri, MD, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Kyushu Kosei-Nenkin Hospital, 1-8-1 Kishinoura, Kitakyushu 806-8501, Japan. E-mail [email protected]References1 Nobuyoshi M, Tanaka M, Nosaka H, Kimura T, Yokoi H, Hamasaki N, Kim K, Shindo T, Kimura K. Progression of coronary atherosclerosis: is coronary spasm related to progression? J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991; 18: 904–910.CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2 Kuga T, Tagawa H, Tomoike H, Mitsuoka W, Egashira S, Ohara Y, Takeshita A, Nakamura M. Role of coronary artery spasm in progression of organic coronary stenosis and acute myocardial infarction in a swine model: importance of mode of onset and duration of coronary artery spasm. Circulation. 1993; 87: 573–582.CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By Kim J, Park J, Yang Y, Lee S, Kim D, Song J, Kang D, Park S, Park S and Song J (2022) Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with documented coronary vasospasm during long-term follow-up, Heart, 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320645, 108:16, (1303-1309), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2022. Mori H, Takahashi J, Sato K, Miyata S, Takagi Y, Tsunoda R, Sumiyoshi T, Matsui M, Tanabe Y, Sueda S, Momomura S, Kaikita K, Yasuda S, Ogawa H, Shimokawa H and Suzuki H (2020) The impact of antiplatelet therapy on patients with vasospastic angina: A multicenter registry study of the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association, IJC Heart & Vasculature, 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100561, 29, (100561), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020. Montenegro Sá F, Ruivo C, Graça Santos L, Antunes A, Soares F, Baptista J and Morais J (2018) Ultra-rapid progression of coronary artery disease or undiagnosed unstable plaque? A brief review from a case report, Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition), 10.1016/j.repce.2018.02.016, 37:3, (259-264), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2018. Montenegro Sá F, Ruivo C, Graça Santos L, Antunes A, Campos Soares F, Baptista J and Morais J (2018) Progressão ultrarrápida de doença coronária ou placa instável não detetada?, Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia, 10.1016/j.repc.2017.04.005, 37:3, (259-264), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2018. Shah P, Bajaj S, Virk H, Bikkina M and Shamoon F (2015) Rapid Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Review, Thrombosis, 10.1155/2015/634983, 2015, (1-6), Online publication date: 28-Dec-2016. April 28, 2009Vol 119, Issue 16 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.839522PMID: 19398679 Originally publishedApril 28, 2009 PDF download Advertisement SubjectsAcute Coronary Syndromes

Influence of acclimatization on serum enzyme changes in soldiers during exertional heat stress

Exertional heat stress is common problem in military services. The aim was to exemine changes in serum concentrations of some enzymes in soldiers during exertional heat stress test (EHST) as well as the effects of 10-days passive or active acclimatization in climatic chamber. Forty male soldiers with high aerobic capacity, performed EHST either in cool (20 degrees C, 16 degrees C Wet bulb globe temperature--WBGT), or hot (40 degrees C, 25 degrees C WBGT) environment, unacclimatized, or after 10 days of passive or active acclimation. Physiological strain was measured by tympanic temperatures (Tty) and heart rates (HR). Concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine-kinase (CK) were measured in blood samples collected before and immediately after EHST. Exertional heat stress test in hot conditions induced physiological heat stress (increase in Tty and HR), with significant increase in concentrations of all enzymes in unacclimatized group: ALT (42.5 +/- 4.2 before vs 48.1 +/- 3.75 U/L after EHST, p < 0.01), AST (24.9 +/- 5.1 vs 33.4 +/- 4.48 U/L, p < 0.01), LDH (160.6 +/- 20.2 vs 195.7 +/- 22.6 U/L, p < 0.001) and CK (215.5 +/- 91.2 vs 279.1 +/- 117.5 U/L, p < 0.05). In acclimatized soldiers there were no significant changes in concentrations of ALT and AST, while concentration of CK was significantly higher. Concentrations of LDH were significantly higher in all investigated groups, regardless of temperature conditions. In trained soldiers, 10-days passive or active acclimatization in climatic chamber can prevent increase in serum concentrations of ALT and AST, induced by exertional heat stress. Increase of serum concentrations of CK and LDH was induced by physical strain itself, with no additional effect of heat stress.

Study on the effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil & BHT in rat: Histopathological findings

Zataria multiflora is an endemic plant in Iran which has been used traditionally in food , especially in yoghurt as a flavouring agent , stimulant , condiment , carminative and for treatment of pre-mature labor pains and rupture. The extracts of aerial parts of Z.multiflora showed anti-inflammatory effects against acute and chronic inflammations in mice and rats .In the present study the hepathotoxicity was assassed in terms changes in histological damage and serum enzymes(SGOT , SGPT , ALP ) . In this study 25 male rats were divided into 5 equal groups randomly .Groups 1, 2 and 3 received Z.multiflora essential oil in different doses of 100, 200 and 300 µl / kg by gavage method respectively. Positive and negative control recieved BHT (15 mg /kg ) and normal saline. After 14 days all rats were killed and their livers and kidneys removed , fixed and prepared for histopathological evaluation. The result on this study showed that no sign of evidence of characteristic hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity was found in rat treated with different doses of Z. multiflora in this experiment . No significant changes was observed in relative weight of liver and kidney and serum enzymes in test group. In group BHT , mild billary hyperplasia and glomerular atrophy was seen. In conclusion , Z.multiflora has not poisonus effects on liver and kidney and can be use as antioxidant instead of BHT.