Changes In Metabolic Syndrome Research Articles

Longitudinal Association of Changes in Metabolic Syndrome with Cognitive Function: 12-Year Follow-up of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.

The association of changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cognitive function remains unclear. We explored this association using prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. MetS components including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides were measured at baseline and two follow-ups, constructing a MetS index. Immediate, delayed memory recall, and cognitive function along with its dimensions were assessed by immediate 10- word recall test (IWRT) and delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), respectively, at baseline and follow-ups. Linear mixed-effect model was used. Additionally, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS was conducted and one-sample MR was performed to assess the causality between MetS and cognitive function. Elevated MetS index was associated with decreasing annual change rates (decrease) in DWRT and MMSE scores, and with decreases in attention, calculation and recall dimensions. HDL-C was positively associated with an increase in DWRT scores, while SBP and FPG were negatively associated. HDL-C showed a positive association, whereas WC was negatively associated with increases in MMSE scores, including attention, calculation and recall dimensions. Interaction analysis indicated that the association of MetS index on cognitive decline was predominantly observed in low family income group. The GWAS of MetS identified some genetic variants. MR results showed a non-significant causality between MetS and decrease in DWRT, IWRT, nor MMSE scores. Our study indicated a significant association of MetS and its components with declines in memory and cognitive function, especially in delayed memory recall.

Metabolic Syndrome Status Changes and Cognitive Functioning: Insights from the Lifelines Cohort Study

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of dementia. Yet, findings on how longitudinal development of metabolic syndrome status affects cognition remain controversial.ObjectivesThis study examines whether individuals with different changes in metabolic syndrome status differ in cognitive functioning. Additionally, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome within the Lifelines population-based study is investigated.Design14609 Lifelines participants (mean age 60.8, 56.4% women) were divided into four groups based on their metabolic syndrome status changes between 2007–2013 (1) and between 2014–2017 (2): without metabolic syndrome (N=10863; absent at 1 and 2), de novo metabolic syndrome (N=1340; absent at 1 and present at 2), remitting metabolic syndrome (N=825; present at 1 and absent at 2), and persistent metabolic syndrome (N=1581; present at 1 and 2). ANCOVA models were employed to assess group differences in psychomotor function, visual attention, visual learning, and working memory assessed using the Cogstate Brief Battery.ResultsAccounting for education, age, sex, and time between examinations, groups did not statistically differ in any of the four cognitive outcomes. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome within the Lifelines population increased with age and differed among men and women.ConclusionPerformance in psychomotor function, visual attention, visual learning, and working memory measured by the Cogstate Brief Battery did not differ between individuals with different changes in metabolic syndrome. The length of metabolic syndrome exposure was unknown, making our results exploratory and calling for future studies addressing this gap.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОСТОЯНИЯ ОРГАНОВ И ТКАНЕЙ РТА У ЛИЦ С МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИМ СИНДРОМОМ В АСПЕКТЕ ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКОЙ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ДЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ИМПЛАНТАТОВ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

At a dental appointment, a large number of patients with general somatic pathology require a purely individual approach to orthopedic rehabilitation. The influence of general somatic changes in metabolic syndrome on the osseointegration of dental implants and the subsequent functioning of orthopedic structures is not in doubt, and is determined by the influence of its components: obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia.
 Objectives. To analyze possible changes in the condition of the organs and tissues of the mouth in people with metabolic syndrome and their impact on the functioning of orthopedic structures supported by dental implants.
 Methodology. An analysis was carried out of the scientific literature for the period from 2000 to the present, devoted to the influence of somatic pathology, in particular metabolic syndrome, on the condition of the mouth and the functioning of orthopedic structures based on dental implants.
 Results. Among dental changes in people with metabolic syndrome, in almost all cases there are changes in the organs and tissues of the mouth of varying degrees of severity. The pathogenesis of pathological processes is based on microcirculatory, metabolic, enzymatic and immunological disorders. It is obvious that in patients with metabolic disorders, the risk of development, severity and manifestation of pathological changes in the tissues of the jaws surrounding orthopedic structures supported by dental implants is much higher.
 Conclusions. An analysis of the literature has fully shown that issues of dental rehabilitation, and especially the use of orthopedic structures based on dental implants as support in people with metabolic syndrome, do not have proper justification and in-depth study. The issues of carrying out important clinical stages in the manufacture of orthopedic structures for people with metabolic syndrome are practically not covered.

Cardiometabolic Risk Increased in Working-Aged Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Public health measures necessary to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impacted lifestyles and health practices. This multiyear cohort analysis of U.S. working-aged adults aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on metabolic syndrome and explores contributing factors. Methods: This longitudinal study (n = 19,543) evaluated year-to-year changes in metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors through employer-sponsored annual health assessment before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using logistic mixed-effects model. Results: From prepandemic to pandemic (2019 to 2020), prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased by 3.5% for men and 3.0% for women, across all ethnic groups. This change was mainly driven by increased fasting glucose (7.3%) and blood pressure (5.2%). The increased risk of metabolic syndrome was more likely to occur in individuals with an elevated body mass index (BMI) combined with insufficient sleep or physical activity. Conclusions: Cardiometabolic risk increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the pandemic in a working-aged adult population, more so for those with a high BMI, unhealthy sleep, and low physical activity practices. Given this observation, identification of risk and intervention (including lifestyle and medical) is increasingly necessary to reduce the cardiovascular and metabolic risk, and improve working-aged population health.

Changes in metabolic syndrome and risk of breast and endometrial cancers according to menopause.

This study investigated how changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with the subsequent risk of breast and endometrial cancer according to menopausal status. This cohort study, using data from the National Health Insurance Service database, included women aged ≥40 years who underwent 2 biennial cancer screenings (2009-2010 and 2011-2012) and were followed up until 2020. Participants were grouped into MetS-free, MetS-recovery, MetS-development, and MetS-persistent groups. Menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal) was assessed at 2 screenings. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the association between MetS changes and cancer risk. In 3,031,980 women, breast and endometrial cancers were detected in 39,184 and 4,298, respectively. Compared with the MetS-free group, those who recovered, developed, or had persistent MetS showed an increased risk of breast cancer, with adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of 1.05, 1.05, and 1.11, respectively (p<0.005). MetS persistence was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (aHR=1.12, 95% CI, 1.08-1.16) but not in premenopausal or perimenopausal women. MetS persistence was associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women, with aHRs of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.17-1.70), 1.59 (95% CI, 1.19-2.12), and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.32-1.63), respectively. Increased breast cancer risk was associated with recovered, developed, and persistent MetS in postmenopausal women. Meanwhile, increased endometrial cancer risk was found in obese women who recovered from MetS or persistently had MetS, regardless of menopausal status, when compared to MetS-free women.

Osthole Prevents Heart Damage Induced by Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: Role of Fructokinase (KHK).

There is increasing evidence that either ingested or produced fructose may have a role in metabolic syndrome. While not commonly considered a criterion for metabolic syndrome, cardiac hypertrophy is often associated with metabolic syndrome, and its presence carries increased cardiovascular risk. Recently it has been shown that fructose and fructokinase C (KHK) can be induced in cardiac tissue. Here we tested whether diet-induced metabolic syndrome causes heart disease associated with increased fructose content and metabolism and whether it can be prevented with a fructokinase inhibitor (osthole). Male Wistar rats were provided a control diet (C) or high fat/sugar diet for 30 days (MS), with half of the latter group receiving osthol (MS+OT, 40 mg/kg/d). The Western diet increased fructose, uric acid, and triglyceride concentrations in cardiac tissue associated with cardiac hypertrophy, local hypoxia, oxidative stress, and increased activity and expression of KHK in cardiac tissue. Osthole reversed these effects. We conclude that the cardiac changes in metabolic syndrome involve increased fructose content and its metabolism and that blocking fructokinase can provide cardiac benefit through the inhibition of KHK with modulation of hypoxia, oxidative stress, hypertrophy, and fibrosis.

Altered Risk of Incident Gout According to Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study of 1.29 Million Young Men.

Few data are available on whether changes in metabolic syndrome affect incident gout. This study was undertaken to assess associations between metabolic syndrome status and incident gout, as well as changes in the clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome and incident gout, in a cohort of young men. This nationwide, population-based cohort study included 20-39-year-old men who participated in serial health check-ups. The outcome, incident gout, was defined according to the claims database diagnostic code for gout. Associations among changes in metabolic syndrome status and incident gout were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Among 1,293,166 individuals, 18,473 were diagnosed as having gout (incidence rate 3.36 per 1,000 person-years). Subjects who had chronic metabolic syndrome (defined as metabolic syndrome at all 3 health check-ups) had a nearly 4-fold higher risk of incident gout compared to subjects who did not have metabolic syndrome at any of the 3 health check-ups (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj ] 3.82 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.67-3.98]). Development of metabolic syndrome more than doubled the risk of incident gout (HRadj 2.31 [95% CI 2.20-2.43]). Conversely, recovery from metabolic syndrome reduced the risk of incident gout by nearly half (HRadj 0.52 [95% CI 0.49-0.56]). Among metabolic syndrome components, changes in elevated triglycerides (development of elevated triglycerides, HRadj 1.74 [95% CI 1.66-1.81]; recovery from elevated triglycerides, HRadj 0.56 [95% CI 0.54-0.59]) and abdominal obesity (development of abdominal obesity, HRadj 1.94 [95% CI 1.85-2.03]; recovery from abdominal obesity, HRadj 0.69 [95% CI 0.64-0.74]) showed the greatest association with altered risk of incident gout. Associations between changes in the status and clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome and incident gout were more pronounced in subjects ages 20-29 years compared to those ages 30-39 years, and in subjects who were underweight or who had a normal weight. Changes in the status and clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome were associated with altered risk of incident gout. These results suggest that metabolic syndrome is a modifiable risk factor for gout.

Modification of the all-cause and cardiovascular disease related mortality risk with changes in the metabolic syndrome status: a population-based prospective cohort study in Taiwan

AimTo examine whether changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) status over time are associated with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease related (CVD) mortality. MethodsThis prospective cohort study consisted of 544,749 individuals who participated in a self-funded comprehensive health surveillance program offered by Taiwan MJ Health Management Institution between 1998 and 2016. We included 236,216 adults who had at least two repeated MetS measures 5.9 (4.6) years apart and were followed up for mortality over 18.8 (5.2) years. Participants were classified according to the change in their MetS status as follows: MetS-free at both time points (n = 173,116), MetS-developed (n = 22,607), MetS-recovered (n = 13,616), and MetS-persistent (n = 26,877). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the association between change in MetS status and risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. ResultsOver the 4,436,842 person-years follow-up period, 14,226 participants died, including 2671 (19%) of CVD-related causes. The crude CVD mortality rate per 1000 person-years in the study groups were MetS-free, 0.32; MetS-developed, 0.75; MetS-recovered, 1.22; and MetS-persistent, 2.00 (P < 0.001). Compared to the persistent MetS group, participants in the MetS-recovered group had a lower risk of all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.87; 95%CI, 0.82–0.92) and CVD mortality (aHR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71–0.93). Development of MetS increased the risk for all-cause (aHR, 1.11; 95%CI, 1.05–1.17) and CVD mortality (aHR, 1.22; 95%CI, 1.07–1.39), compared to the MetS-free group. ConclusionRecovery from MetS was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, whereas development of MetS was associated with increased risk.

CHILDHOOD SES IS ASSOCIATED WITH FASTER WORSENING METABOLIC SYNDROME SEVERITY FOR BLACK RELATIVE TO WHITE WOMEN

Abstract This analysis examined whether early life SES was associated with longitudinal changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity among Black and white women. Data were from 531 women (non-Hispanic Black=263; non-Hispanic white=268, Mage=39) in the National Growth and Health Study (NGHS). Information about parental education was collected during the baseline survey when participants were 9. Information regarding MetS severity were collected during year-7 (Mage=16), year-10 (Mage=19), and year-30 (Mage = 39) follow-up studies. Controlling for baseline body mass index, smoking status, and marital status, Black participants showed a faster increase in MetS severity across two decades. Early life SES (b=.03, SE=.01, p&amp;lt;.05), independent of current SES, was associated with faster worsening MetS severity among Black relative to white women. The socioeconomic context of early rearing is an important factor for racial disparities in accelerated aging among these early midlife Black and white women.

Gender differences in changes in metabolic syndrome status and its components and risk of cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal cohort study

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the gender difference in the association between changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) among adult participants in the Tehran lipid and glucose study cohort.MethodsA total of 4624 adults (aged ≥ 30 years) who participated in two Phases 2 (2002–2005) and 3 (2005–2008) were included and followed up until 2018. Based on the status of MetS and its components in two phases, we divided participants into four groups: MetS-free, MetS-developed, MetS-recovery and MetS-stable groups, and similar categories were defined for MetS components. Multiple Cox regression models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and women-to-men ratios of HRs (RHRs).ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 11.6 years, 619 CVD events (292 women) and 512 CHD events (230 women) occurred. In both genders, the MetS-stable group had the highest risk of CVD and CHD, compared with the MetS-free group, but the associations were stronger in women than men: the HR (95% CI) were (2.76, 2.00-3.82) and (3.08, 2.15–4.40) for CVD and CHD, respectively, in women, and (1.60, 1.23–2.09) and (1.74, 1.30–2.31) for men. The multivariate adjusted women-to-men RHRs were (1.72, 1.16–2.56) for CVD and (1.77, 1.14–2.73) for CHD. Only among women, the risks for CVD in MetS-recovery group (1.67, 1.06–2.63) and MetS-developed group (1.89, 1.16–3.06|) were higher than MetS-free group. For CHD, women in MetS-developed group (1.86, 1.07–3.22) had higher risk than MetS-free group. However, no evidence of gender difference was observed in these associations. Among MetS components, persistent high blood pressure (BP) conferred greater risk for CVD and CHD in women than men; the women-to-men RHRs of CVD and CHD for high BP-stable groups were 1.54 (1.05–2.26) and 1.62 (1.07–2.47), respectively. For CHD events, persistent high fasting plasma glucose was associated with greater risk in women than men with women-to-men RHRs of 1.62 (1.09–2.40).ConclusionChange in MetS and its key components were associated with different risks for CVD events in both genders, with generally stronger associations in women than men.

Modification effect of changes in cardiometabolic traits in association between kidney stones and cardiovascular events.

BackgroundsWhether longitudinal changes in metabolic status influence the effect of kidney stones on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclarified. We investigated the modification effect of status changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the association of kidney stones with risk of incident CVD events.MethodsWe performed a prospective association and interaction study in a nationwide cohort including 129,172 participants aged ≥ 40 years without CVDs at baseline and followed up for an average of 3.8 years. Kidney stones information was collected by using a questionnaire and validated by medical records. The repeated biochemical measurements were performed to ascertain the metabolic status at both baseline and follow-up.Results4,017 incident total CVDs, 1,413 coronary heart diseases (CHDs) and 2,682 strokes were documented and ascertained during follow-up. Kidney stones presence was significantly associated with 44%, 70% and 31% higher risk of CVDs, CHDs and stroke, respectively. The stratified analysis showed significant associations were found in the incident and sustained MetS patients, while no significant associations were found in the non-MetS at both baseline and follow-up subjects or the MetS remission ones, especially in women. For the change status of each single component of the MetS, though the trends were not always the same, the associations with CVD were consistently significant in those with sustained metabolic disorders, except for the sustained high blood glucose group, while the associations were consistently significant in those with incident metabolic disorders except for the incident blood pressure group. We also found a significant association of kidney stone and CVD or CHD risk in the remain normal glucose or triglycerides groups; while the associations were consistently significant in those with incident metabolic disorders except for the incident blood pressure group. We also found a significant association of kidney stone and CVD or CHD risk in the remain normal glucose or triglycerides groups.ConclusionsA history of kidney stones in women with newly developed MetS or long-standing MetS associated with increased risk of CVD. The mechanisms link kidney stones and CVD risk in the metabolic and non-metabolic pathways were warranted for further studies.

Change in Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Following Exercise Training - The Ball State Adult Fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle Study (BALL ST).

PurposeTo evaluate how the changes in directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) relate to the changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) status following 4–6 months of exercise training.MethodsMaximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) tests and MetS risk factors were analyzed prospectively from 336 adults (46% women) aged 45.8 ± 10.9 years. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, as updated by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI). Pearson correlations, chi-squares, and dependent 2-tail t-tests were used to assess the relationship between the change in CRF and the change in MetS risk factors, overall number of MetS risk factors, and a MetS severity score following 4–6 months of participation in a self-referred, community-based exercise program.ResultsOverall prevalence of MetS decreased from 23% to 14% following the exercise program (P < 0.05), while CRF improved 15% (4.7 ± 8.4 mL/kg/min, P < 0.05). Following exercise training, the number of positive risk factors declined from 1.4 ± 1.3 to 1.2 ± 1.2 in the overall cohort (P < 0.05). The change in CRF was inversely related to the change in the overall number of MetS risk factors (r = −0.22; P < 0.05) and the MetS severity score (r = −0.28; p < 0.05).ConclusionThis observational cohort study indicates an inverse relationship between the change in CRF and the change in MetS severity following exercise training. These results suggest that participation in a community-based exercise program yields significant improvements in CRF, MetS risk factors, the prevalence of the binary MetS, and the MetS severity score. Improvement in CRF through exercise training should be a primary prevention strategy for MetS.

Hypertension Predisposition and Thermoregulation Delays in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Study.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder in which clinical, sonographic, and endophenotypic features have been underinvestigated or inconclusive, especially in the early stages of the disease (adolescence/young adulthood). Objective: This prospective pilot study focused on the differences of multiple physiological functions between Greek adolescent/young adult females suffering from PCOS and age- and body mass index (BMI)- matched healthy controls. Study design: Nineteen PCOS patients and eighteen healthy controls (aged 13 to 23 years) were studied for: (i) biochemical and hormonal dysfunction by measuring circulating glucose, insulin, and androgen levels; (ii) arterial stiffness with pulse wave analysis (PWA) by Sphygmocord; (iii) intima-media thickness (IMT) by ultrasound; (iv) heart rate variability (HRV) by Task Force Monitor; and (v) QT, QRS, QT, P, QRSD by electrocardiogram (ECG). Statistical analysis included Hedge’s g correction for small samples bias, and the results are shown using the Hedge’s g effect size and 95% CI, in line with precision medicine prerequisites. Results: Significant differences in pulse wave velocity (PWV) (g = 0.964 [0.296, 1.632]), subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) carotid (g = −0.679 [−1.329, −0.030]), pulse pressure (PP) carotid (g = 0.942 [0.275, 1.608]), systolic pressure (SP) carotid (g = 0.785 [0.129, 1.440]), free-testosterone (g = 0.677 [0.042, 0.312]), and Delta4-androstenedione (g = 0.735 [0.097, 0.373]) were observed between PCOS patients and controls. No differences were detected in the remaining endocrine and PWA or ECG biomarkers. Conclusions: Our multidisciplinary approach showed early onset of vascular dysfunction, predisposition to hypertension, thermoregulation delays, and metabolic syndrome changes in adolescent/young adult PCOS.

Changes in metabolic syndrome and risk of psoriasis: a nationwide population-based study

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with psoriasis, but it remains unclear whether risk of psoriasis remains in patients whose MetS diagnosis changes. To assess the relationship between risk of psoriasis and changes in MetS components. We obtained data from the National Health Insurance Service of Korea and divided the participants into four groups: individuals without MetS (control); individuals with MetS in 2009, but without MetS in 2012 (pre-MetS); individuals without MetS in 2009, but with newly diagnosed MetS in 2012 (post-MetS); and individuals with MetS during the 2009–2012, period (continuous-MetS). We calculated the risk of psoriasis for each group. Risk of psoriasis was similar in the control and pre-MetS groups but was significantly higher in the post-MetS group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.12) and in the continuous-MetS group (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07–1.15) than in the control group. Among MetS components, waist circumference showed the strongest association with psoriasis, followed by high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels. Risk of psoriasis was higher in patients with continuous- or post-MetS than in those with pre-MetS (regardless of prior MetS status).

Lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease and life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease according to changes in metabolic syndrome status

Background and aimsThe relationship between dynamic changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) status and lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been reliably quantified. This study aimed to estimate lifetime risk of CVD and life expectancy with and without CVD according to dynamic MetS status. Methods and ResultsDynamic changes in MetS status were assessed: MetS-free, MetS-chronic, MetS-developed, and MetS-recovery groups. We used Modified Kaplan–Meier method to estimate lifetime risk and used multistate life table method to calculate life expectancy. Participants free of CVD at index ages 35 (n = 40 168), 45 (n = 33 569), and 55 (n = 18 546) years. At index age 35 years, we recorded 1341 CVD events during a median follow-up of 6.1 years. Lifetime risk of 33.9% (95% CI: 26.9%–41.0%) in MetS-recovery group was lower than that of 39.4% (95% CI: 36.1%–42.8%) in MetS-chronic group. Lifetime risk of 37.8% (95% CI: 30.6%–45.1%) in MetS-developed group was higher than that of 26.4% (95% CI: 22.7%–30.0%) in MetS-free group. At index age 35 years, life expectancy free of CVD for MetS-recovery group (44.1 years) was higher than that for MetS-chronic group (38.8 years). Life expectancy free of CVD for MetS-developed group (41.9 years) was lower than that for MetS-free group (46.7 years). ConclusionsRecovery from MetS was associated with decreased lifetime risk of CVD and a longer life expectancy free of CVD, whereas development of MetS was associated with increased lifetime risk of CVD and a shorter life expectancy free of CVD.

Changes in metabolic syndrome affect the health-related quality of life of community-dwelling adults

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, chronic renal diseases, and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, MetS is associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, the impact of dynamic changes in MetS on changes in the HRQOL was not previously explored. This was an eight-year, prospective cohort study in which 906 middle-aged adults from Shipai, Taipei in northern Taiwan were enrolled during 2009–2010 (baseline). Of those sampled, 427 participants completed the follow-up investigation after 8 years. The HRQOL was measured using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Other variables including age, sex, marital status, level of education, smoking, alcohol consumption, baseline body mass index, and changes in physical activity were adjusted. Compared with adults who never experienced MetS, adults with persistent MetS had a negative change in mental HRQOL (β − 4.20, 95% CI − 7.54 to − 0.86, p = 0.01). The negative changes of persistent MetS on the HRQOL were in the domains of vitality and mental health (β − 4.42, 95% CI − 8.10 to − 0.73 and β − 3.47, 95% CI − 6.90 to − 0.04, respectively). Women and overweight adults were vulnerable to the detrimental effects of persistent MetS. For better HRQOL, more resources should be devoted to reversing MetS in public health.

Association between self-reported medical diagnosis of depression and metabolic syndrome in a population-based study: A propensity score-matched analysis.

The aim was to compare the metabolic syndrome in adults with and without depression in Korea using the 2013–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A cross‐sectional study was conducted involving secondary data analysis. National survey data on the self‐reported medical diagnosis of depression and metabolic syndrome were collected between 2013 and 2015 and released for research purposes in 2017. We conducted a propensity score‐matched study that included adults (n = 494) with and without depression at a 1:1 ratio, to reduce the impact of potential confounding factors between groups. Depression was not significantly associated with changes in metabolic syndrome. However, participants with depression had significantly higher triglycerides than those without depression (p = .008), highlighting the importance of periodically checking triglycerides in depressed patients. Nurses need to check the subcomponents of metabolic syndrome in depressed patients periodically, especially regarding the management of triglycerides.

Trajectories of Metabolic Syndrome, Energy Requirements and Nutritional Intake Over First Year Following Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

Research Objectives To examine changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS), energy requirements, and nutritional intake over 12 months after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation (IR) among people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Longitudinal prospective observational study over 12 months. Setting Inpatient rehabilitation hospital in large southern city. A volunteer sample of 43 participants was obtained from 111 eligible patients who were approached. Participants Inpatients at IR for SCI within Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Changes over 12 months in MetS status, weight, waist circumference, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and caloric intake. Results Participants were 46.58 ± 18.9 years old and 126 ± 140 days post-injury. Of 31 participants completing baseline physical assessments, 14 (45.2%) met criteria for MetS. Measured RMR was significantly lower by 234.6 calories than the estimated RMR (p Conclusions High attrition limits our ability to understand changes related to dietary intake and energy expenditure post-injury. The data indicate that those obese at injury onset remain obese and/or gain weight, highlighting the importance of nutrition counseling prior to IR discharge. Author(s) Disclosures The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Association Between Change in Metabolic Syndrome Status and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Population‐Based Study

BackgroudThere is a paucity of information on whether changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) status affect the risk of new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to evaluate whether changes in MetS status and components of MetS affect AF risk using data from a nationwide observational cohort.Methods and ResultsA total of 7 565 531 adults without prevalent AF (mean age, 47±14 years) who underwent 2 serial health examinations by the Korean National Health Insurance Cooperation were identified. The patients were categorized into 4 groups according to the change in MetS status in serial evaluations, as follows: patients with persistent MetS (n=1 388 850), healthy patients newly diagnosed with MetS in the second evaluation (n=608 158), patients with MetS who were healthy in the second evaluation (n=798 555), and persistently healthy individuals (n=4 769 968). During a mean 7.9‐year follow‐up, incident AF was diagnosed in 139 305 (1.8%) patients. After multivariable adjustment, the AF risk was higher by 31% in the patients with persistent MetS , 26% in the patients with MetS who were healthy in the second evaluation, and 16% in the healthy patients newly diagnosed with MetS in the second evaluation compared with the persistently healthy individuals. Regardless of the MetS component type, the AF risk correlated with changes in the number of components. The risk of AF was strongly correlated with MetS status changes in the young and middle‐age groups (20–39 years and 40–64 years, respectively) than in the elderly group (≥65 years).ConclusionsDynamic changes in MetS status and persistent MetS were associated with an increased risk of AF in a large‐scale Asian population.

Potential Effect of Curcumin versus Atorvastatin on Hepatic and Metabolic Changes in Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of metabolic disorders, including hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and abdominal [central] obesity. It is also found under different names, such as syndrome X, “deadly quartet” and insulin resistance syndrome. The aim of the work: to investigate the potential effect of curcumin and compare it with the effect of metformin and atorvastatin on hepatic and metabolic changes in metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: Fifty male Sprague–Dawley [8 weeks old] weighting 150-200 g obtained from animal house of the department of pharmacology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine. Rats were kept in regular dark – light cycle with free access to groups [specific diet and water] that were renewed daily and were observed for water intake, food intake, changes in body weight and abdominal circumference during 16-week study period. Results: Histopathological changes after administration of high carbohydrate high fat [HCHF] diet, revealed fatty changes, ballooning degeneration [vacuoles] and fibrosis. Infiltration by large numbers of inflammatory cells was detected in the portal area and there was an inflammatory reaction dividing the hepatic parenchyma into lobules. On the other side, the treated rats with curcumin showed improved inflammation [few inflammatory cells, slight ballooning and fibrosis, but still present moderate steatosis in liver samples. The atorvastatin group revealed comparable results to the curcumin group. However, when combined together, they were able to restore hepatic tissue to nearly its normal structure. Conclusions: Combination therapy by curcumin and atorvastatin was more effective in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NAFL/NASH]. However, further studies are required to evaluate the applicability of the present results in human beings and to judge the safety and efficacy of curcumin, atorvastatin and their combination.