Changes In Flow Research Articles

Long-term (1951–2023) surface changes of the Belvedere Glacier observed through aerial and UAV orthophotos

Glacier retreat is a key indicator of climate change, with significant implications for geomorphological hazards and ecosystem stability. This article focuses on the surface evolution of the Belvedere Glacier from 1951 to 2023. Using high-resolution orthophotos and manual mapping, we tracked changes in the glacier’s area and shape over time. The results show three significant phases of change: the separation of the Nordend Glacier from the Belvedere Glacier (1951–1991), the partial separation of the central accumulation basin from the debris-covered tongue (2006–2015), and the separation of the Locce Nord Glacier (2018–2021). These changes, combined with a surge event from 1999 to 2002, have significantly altered the glacier’s dynamics and accelerated its retreat. Manual mapping was accurate in areas with scarce debris cover but faced challenges in debris-covered areas due to limited image resolution, snow cover, and debris characteristics. Despite these difficulties, we observed that the glacier remained stable until the late 1990s, when it began a rapid retreat. This recent retreat is consistent with rates observed in the early 20th century. The study highlights the importance of surface mapping to quantify the areal loss and to understand broader changes in glacier structure and mass flow that drive its retreat. Our results provide key data for future studies and highlight the need for continued monitoring of Alpine glaciers in the context of accelerating climate change.

Passive and active exercise do not mitigate mental fatigue during a sustained vigilance task.

Executive function (EF) is improved following a single bout of exercise and impaired when an individual experiences mental fatigue (MF). These performance outcomes have been linked to a bi-directional change in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Here, we sought to determine whether MF-induced by a sustained vigilance task (i.e., psychomotor vigilance task: PVT) is mitigated when preceded by a single bout of exercise. Participants completed 20-min single bouts of active exercise (cycle ergometry involving volitional muscle activation), passive exercise (cycle ergometry involving a mechanical flywheel) and a non-exercise control intervention. EF was assessed pre- and post-intervention via the antisaccade task. Following each intervention, a 20-min PVT was completed to induce and assess MF, and transcranial Doppler ultrasound of middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) was used to estimate intervention- and PVT-based changes in CBF. Active and passive exercise provided a post-intervention reduction in antisaccade reaction times; that is, exercise benefitted EF. Notably, however, frequentist and Bayesian statistics indicated the EF benefit did not mitigate MF during the PVT. As well, although exercise (active and passive) and the PVT respectively increased and decreased CBF, these changes were not correlated with behavioral measures of EF or MF. Accordingly, a postexercise EF benefit does not mitigate MF during a sustained vigilance task and a bi-directional change in CBF does not serve as a primary mechanism associated with EF and MF changes. Such results provide a framework for future work to explore how different exercise types, intensities and durations may impact MF.

Sensitivity of Functional Arterial Spin Labelling in Detecting Cerebral Blood Flow Changes

Aims/Background Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method. ASL techniques can quantitatively measure cerebral perfusion by fitting a kinetic model to the difference between labelled images (tag images) and ones which are acquired without labelling (control images). ASL functional MRI (fMRI) provides quantitative perfusion maps by using arterial water as an endogenous tracer instead of depending on vascular blood oxygenation level.This study aimed to assess the number of pulsed ASL blocks that were needed to provide accurate and reliable regional estimates of cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes when participants engaged in visually guided saccade and fixation task; evaluate the localization to cortical control saccade versus fixation; investigate the relationship between the sensitivity of ASL fMRI and the number of blocks; and compare the sensitivity of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI and ASL fMRI. Methods The experiment was a block-design paradigm consisting of two conditions: fixation and saccade. No response other than the eye movements of the participants was recorded during the scans. ASL and BOLD fMRI scans were conducted on all participants during the same session. The fMRI study consisted of two functional experiments: a CBF contrast was provided using the ASL sequence, and an optimized BOLD contrast was provided using the BOLD sequence. Results From group analysis in all divided blocks of ASL sessions (4, 6, 8...... 14, 16, 18......26, 28, 30), ASL yielded significant activation clusters in the visual cortex of the bilateral hemisphere from block 4. There was no false activation from block 4. No activation cluster was found by reversing analysis of block 2. Robust and consistent activation in the visual cortex was observed in each of the 14 divided blocks group analysis, and no activation was found in the eye field of the brain. The sensitivity of 4-block was found to be better than that of 8-block. More significant activation clusters of the visual cortex were found in BOLD than in ASL. No activation cluster of parietal eye field (PEF), frontal eye field (FEF) and supplementary eye field (SEF) was detected in ASL. The voxel size of the activation cluster increased with the increasing number of blocks, and the percent signal change in the activation cluster decreased with the escalating block number. The voxel size was positively correlated with the number of blocks (correlation coefficient = 0.98, p < 0.0001), and the percent signal change negatively correlated with the number of blocks (correlation coefficient = –0.90, p < 0.0001). Conclusion The 4-block pulsed functional ASL (fASL) presents accurate and reliable activation, with minimal time-on-task effect and little adverse impact of time, in participants engaging in visually guided saccade and fixation tasks. Despite having lower sensitivity than BOLD fMRI, ASL can determine accurate activation location. Although the time-on-task effects affect the observation for the sensitivity of ASL over task time, it is suggested that ASL fMRI may provide a powerful method for pinpointing the time-on-task effect over a long period of time.

Impact of Adaptive Traffic Signals on Traffic Congestion in Midtown Manhattan: A Propensity Score Matching Approach

With increasing urbanization, traffic issues have become a significant challenge for cities worldwide. This study employs Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to analyze the impact of Adaptive Traffic Signal (ATS) systems on traffic congestion in Manhattan, using data from the "Midtown in Motion" initiative. Data from New York City's Automated Traffic Volume Recording System (ATVRS) was used to assess changes in traffic flow before and after ATS implementation. Findings indicate that ATS effectively reduces peak-hour congestion and enhances flow, demonstrating its positive effect in easing urban traffic stress.

Relationship between flap microcirculation and hard tissue changes following alveolar ridge augmentation: a prospective case series.

To assess blood flow alterations after horizontal Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) and to evaluate correlations between blood flow and hard tissue changes. Twelve mandibular surgical sites were involved in the current case series. GBR was carried out using a split-thickness flap design. Blood circulation was assessed with Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging at baseline as well as 1, 4, 6, 11, 13, 20, 27, and 34 days after the surgery, subsequently on a monthly basis until 6 months. Hard tissue alterations were measured horizontally and vertically using linear measurements. The first measurement point was 2 mm distal to the distal surface of the last tooth; additional measurement points were placed every 3 mm up to the 15th mm. Volumetric hard tissue loss and gain were also assessed. Baseline blood circulation was statistically significantly higher on the buccal side. On the first postoperative day, all regions presented a statistically significant decrease in blood flow circulation. The buccal-inner region presented significant ischemia on day 6. Mean volumetric hard tissue gain and loss were 712.62 ± 317.08 mm3 and 222.431 ± 103.19 mm3, respectively. Mean baseline alveolar ridge width was 4.82 ± 1.02 mm, 6 months ridge width averaged 7.21 ± 0.99 mm. Vertical resorption measured 1.24 ± 0.5 mm. Correlations between blood flow changes and hard tissue alterations were only found on Day 34 and Day 60. Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging is an efficient method to measure flap microcirculation. No correlation was found between flap microcirculation changes hard tissue and alterations.

Determination of Pressure Jump Dependence and Time Constants of Hydraulic Pumps with Constant Pressure and Variable Flow

Simulations of the pump response time refer to the determination of the time constant of the transient process when the flow and pressure change. The changes mentioned in the standards are precisely defined and prescribed by the “MIL-P-19692E” norms. The simulation showed that the time constants are within the permissible limits prescribed by these norms. The diagram shows the responses for the considered pump and for the case when the flow changes from Qn to Qmin and changes from Qmin to Qn. The time constants t1 and t2 are defined on the diagrams, with the parameters that the pump has. In addition, the standards define the pressure jump that occurs during the transient process as well as time constants. From the flow change diagram, it can be seen that the flow change is also very fast and takes place in time intervals shorter than 0.1 s. By evaluating the size of the time constants, t1 and t2, it can be concluded that they have a value below 0.05 s, which meets the regulations in that area. Also, the size of the jump pressure meets the regulations because it is only 1.2 M Pa above the nominal pressure.

Identification of novel targets for ankylosing spondylitis through integrated transcriptome-wide association analysis and Mendelian randomization: Medical thermography analysis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the spine and joints and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Medical thermal imaging, as a non-invasive and real-time imaging technique, can be used to evaluate inflammation and blood flow changes. This study aims to identify new targets for ankylosing spondylitis by integrating transcriptome broad association analysis and Mendelian randomization, combined with medical thermal imaging technology, and provide basis for its early diagnosis and treatment. The study performed transcriptome extensive association analysis to identify genes associated with ankylosing spondylitis. The causal relationship between these genes and disease risk was then analyzed using Mendelian randomization. The researchers then conducted a detailed assessment of all participants using advanced medical thermal imaging techniques designed to detect and identify signs of local and systemic inflammation, revealing differences in thermal imaging characteristics between patients with ankylosing spondylitis and healthy people. Transcriptome analysis identified multiple candidate genes that showed significant associations in the onset of AS. After Mendelian randomization, it was confirmed that several of these genes have causal relationship.

Response of capillaries and small arterioles to full-field flicker is not dependent on local ganglion cell thickness

To measure the influence of ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness on the changes in size and red blood cell (RBC) flow in small retinal vessels evoked by full-field flicker. We used a dual-beam adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope to image 11 healthy young controls in two retinal areas with significantly different GCL thicknesses. All capillaries and arterioles of the superficial vascular plexus were responsive to the flicker stimulation. Average lumen dilation and RBC flow changes were greater in capillaries than in arterioles (vasodilation: 10.9%, 6.7%; RBC flow: 51%, 38%, respectively). No statistically significant differences regarding relative lumen diameter, RBC velocity, or RBC flow were found with respect to GCL thickness, or vessel size.

The influence of yoga exercises with voluntary pulmonary ventilation changes on intracranial arterial blood flow

Introduction. Yoga breathing exercises that involve voluntary changes in pulmonary ventilation parameters can potentially influence cerebral circulation due to changes in CO2 content in arterial blood. Objective. To assess the effect of yoga breathing exercises with changes in pulmonary ventilation levels on blood flow parameters in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Methods. The study included 21 participants, with an average age of 39.5±8.7 years, who were capable of performing yoga exercises at respiratory rates (RR) of 3–3.5/min and 1–1.5/min. For 5 minutes, participants underwent three stages: free breathing (stage 1), breathing with RR=3–3.5/min (stage 2), and breathing with RR=1–1.5/min (stage 3). During stages 2 and 3, the «full breathing» technique, which involves maximum deep inhalation and exhalation, was employed. Respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TI), minute ventilation (MV), end-tidal CO2 partial pressure (PetCO2), and oxygen fraction in exhaled air (FeO2) were recorded using spiro-gas analysis. Transcranial duplex scanning was used to measure peak systolic blood flow velocity (Vps), end-diastolic blood flow velocity (Vd), time-averaged maximum blood flow velocity (TAMAX), and resistance index (RI) in the right MCA. The velocity variation index (VVI) was calculated for each stage. Results. Compared to stage 1 (free breathing), stage 2 (RR = 3–3.5/min) showed an increase in MV and FeO2, a decrease in PetCO2, and reductions in Vps, Vd, and TAMAX, with an increase in RI. VVI decreased statistically insignificantly. In stage 3 (RR = 1–1.5/min), compared to stage 1, there was an increase in PetCO2, a decrease in MV and FeO2, and increases in Vps, Vd, and TAMAX, with a decrease in RI. VVI increased significantly. Conclusions. Yoga breathing exercises at respiratory rates of 3–3.5/min and 1–1.5/min result in multidirectional shifts in ventilation and gas exchange parameters, leading to changes in arterial cerebral blood flow (a decrease and increase in blood flow velocity with an increase and decrease in MV, respectively). VVI, reflecting fluctuations in blood flow velocity, increases significantly with reduced MV, likely due to the vasodilatory effect of CO2.

Tucker Decomposition Enhanced Dynamic Graph Convolutional Networks for Crowd Flows Prediction

Crowd flows prediction is an important problem for traffic management and public safety. Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), known for its ability to effectively capture and utilize topological information, has demonstrated significant advancements in addressing this problem. However, GCN-based models were often based on predefined crowd-flow graphs via historical movement behaviors of human beings and traffic vehicles, which ignored the abnormal changes in crowd flows. In this study, we propose a multi-scale fusion GCN-based framework with Tucker decomposition named mTDNet to enhance dynamic GCN for Crowd flows prediction. Following the paradigm of extant methods, we also employ the predefined crowd-flow graphs as a part of mTDNet to effectively capture the historical movement behaviors of crowd flows. To capture the abnormal changes, we propose a Tucker decomposition-based network with the product of the adjacency matrix of historical movement pattern graphs and an adaptive learning tensor ( \(ALT\) ) by reconstructing the crowd flows. Particularly, we utilize the Tucker decomposition scheme to decompose \(ALT\) , which enhances the dynamic learning of graph structures, allowing for effective capturing of the dynamic changes in crowd flow, including abnormal changes. Furthermore, a multi-scale three-dimensional GCN is utilized to mine and fuse the multiscale spatio-temporal information from crowd flows, to further boost the mTDNet prediction performance. Experiments conducted on two real-world datasets showed that the proposed mTDNet surpasses other crowd flow prediction methods.

A comprehensive assessment of gap spacing in tandem cylinders: Lattice Boltzmann technique based simulations

The current study uses the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to analyze flow phenomena around the five square cylinders in a tandem setup. It examines flow characteristics for different gap spacing (g*), ranging from 0.5 to 8 at a Reynolds number Re = 100, and identifies three distinct flow modes: steady flow mode, partially unsteady flow mode, and partially packed vortex street in a single row. It is found that the flow modes reported in literature for the case of inline bodies exist for the present case as well but with a different range of gap ratios. The strength of vorticity in the wakes of the first three upstream cylinders is found to be increasing thus enhancing the Strouhal number as the gap ratio between cylinders increased. The drag mean coefficient (Cdmean) is found to increase with an increase in gap spacing values, while negative Cdmean values are observed for cylinders C2 and C3 in the steady flow mode, due to the emergence of thrust force. The average drag coefficient is found to be minimal for C2 until g* = 6 compared to other cylinders, while for C1 it is found to be higher across all gap spacings. The local minimum average drag coefficient value of 0.1824 is observed for C2 at g* = 1.5 while the local maximum Cdmean value of 1.2849 is observed for C1 at g* = 8 in this study. A similar shedding frequency emerges for the first three cylinders which mostly spanned over the partially packed single row vortex street flow mode. The research also reveals that g* = 4 is the critical spacing value for abrupt fluid flow changes.

Bifurcation analysis and control of the full velocity difference model with delayed velocity difference.

With the increase in the number of urban vehicles, various traffic problems have gradually emerged. Studying the causes of traffic congestion and proposing effective mitigation strategies have important practical significance. This paper proposes a macroscopic traffic flow model that considers the delayed speed difference. This paper applies nonlinear bifurcation to describe and predict nonlinear traffic phenomena on highways from the perspective of global stability of the traffic system. By using the traveling wave transformation, the proposed car-following model is converted into a macroscopic traffic flow model. Next, this paper employs the linear stability analysis to find the bifurcation points of the stability transition in the traffic system, exploring the qualitative characteristics of the inhomogeneous continuous traffic flow model. Theoretical derivations demonstrate the existence of bifurcation points within the model. Additionally, this paper plots the density-time space diagrams and phase plane diagrams of the system to visually present the sudden changes in traffic flow as variable parameters pass through these bifurcation points. Finally, this paper designs a feedback controller to regulate the Hopf bifurcation, aiming to delay or eliminate the occurrence of Hopf bifurcations in the stochastic system.

Mechanism of Endometrial Receptivity Affected by Fibroids.

Fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system. Most patients with fibroids are asymptomatic, but the presence of fibroids can still cause some abnormal clinical symptoms, such as increased menstrual volume, abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract compression symptoms, etc. The impact of fibroids on pregnancy is worth discussing. At present, it is believed that submucosal myoma and intramural myoma affecting uterine cavity shape affect the pregnancy outcome of patients, while the impact of type III intramural myoma on pregnancy is still controversial. A number of studies have found that in addition to direct contact with the endometrial compression, uterine myoma also affects the endometrial flexibility through other ways. In this review, we summarized the effects of fibroids on endometrial receptivity and discussed in depth the mechanisms of such effects, including secretion of cytokines, changes in endometrial blood flow and angiogenesis, effects on endometrial peristalsis and mechanical stress conduction, changes in uterine microecological environment, and abnormal signal transduction pathways. Understanding the mechanism of endometrial receptivity affected by fibroids is significant for exploring the treatment of fibroids, improving the pregnancy outcome of patients with fibroids and increasing the clinical pregnancy rate.

The Impact of Fed Rate Hikes on The Chinese Economy

The United States is the world's largest economy and a major financial center. As the central bank of the United States, the Federal Reserve's monetary policy decisions not only have a significant impact on the country's economic and trade development, but also lead to changes in global capital flows, exchange rate fluctuations, and international trade conditions. Since March 2022, persistent high inflation and overheating of the economy have led the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates dozens of times. As of September 2023, the Federal Reserve's interest rate has increased from 0 to 5.5%. The total rate hike by the Federal Reserve has reached 550 basis points. As the US dollar is the world's reserve currency, China's economy inevitably experiences varying degrees of impact. Therefore, studying the impact of the Federal Reserve's rate hikes on the Chinese economy will help our country formulate better response measures and reduce its adverse effects on our economy.

The economic cost of locking down like China: Evidence from city-to-city truck flows

Containing the COVID-19 pandemic by non-pharmacological interventions is costly. Using high-frequency, city-to-city truck flow data, this paper estimates the economic cost of lockdown in China, a stringent yet effective policy prior to the Omicron surge. By comparing the truck flow change in the cities with and without lockdown, we find that a one-month full-scale lockdown causally reduces the truck flows connected to the locked down city in the month by 54%, implying a decline of the city’s real income with the same proportion in a gravity model of city-to-city trade. We also structurally estimate the cost of lockdown in the gravity model, where the effects of lockdown can spill over to other cities through trade linkages. Imposing full-scale lockdown on the four largest cities in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen) for one month would reduce the real national GDP by 8.7%, of which 8.5% is contributed by the spillover effects.

Potential Utility of Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging to Detect Early Microcirculatory Changes Associated With Erythema Nodosum in Crohn's Disease: A Case Report.

Lay Summary In this case report of a young female patient with Crohn’s disease, presenting with erythema nodosum, laser speckle contrast imaging was able to detect blood flow changes in the affected skin area before clinical signs of the skin lesion emerged.

DGTNet:dynamic graph attention transformer network for traffic flow forecasting

Abstract Graph-based traffic flow prediction plays a crucial role in urban traffic management and planning. In this paper, we propose a novel Dynamic Graph Attention Transformer Network (DGTNet), which is designed to address the issue of inadequate integration of temporal and spatial dimensions in traditional models. DGTNet maintains temporal continuity while revealing the complex dynamic relationships between key nodes in the urban traffic system, capturing the periodic changes in the rhythm of city life. Specifically, this study adopts adaptive signal decomposition technology to decompose traffic data into multiple Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), effectively capturing the dynamic changes in traffic flow. This decomposition method is key to the implementation of DGTNet’s dynamic graph construction, enabling the analysis of traffic flow at different time scales, thereby providing a new perspective for traffic flow prediction research. In the traffic prediction module, we comprehensively consider node, edge, and graph structural information, adopting a multi-head self-attention mechanism to achieve direct cross-modeling in both temporal and spatial dimensions. Finally, we introduce a position-wise feedforward network layer to integrate different types of data and capture nonlinear relationships. The experimental results, based on public transportation network datasets METR_LA, PEMS_BAY, PEMS03, and PEMS07, demonstrate that DGTNet exhibits notable enhancements in three evaluation indicators, namely the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The pertinent code has been made available for public access at https://github.com/chenjing0616/DGTNet.

A laboratory study to assess the physico-chemical properties of BioRoot RCS and BioRoot Flow exposed to citric acid and EDTA irrigating solutions.

To assess physico-chemical properties of BioRoot RCS (powder-to-liquid formulation) and BioRoot Flow (pre-mixed formulation) after exposure to citric acid (CA) and EDTA. BioRoot RCS and BioRoot Flow specimens (5 × 2mm) were incubated for 28 days at 37°C before being treated with test solution (distilled water, 17% EDTA, 10% CA, 20% CA or 40% CA). Changes in mass, ion release (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy), phase composition (X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy), surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy) were evaluated. The Shapiro-Wilk, Levene and one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test, were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). The greatest mass loss, ion release and surface morphological changes (pores and cracks) of BioRoot RCS and BioRoot Flow occurred in 10% and 20% CA. No significant differences were identified between BioRoot RCS and BioRoot Flow in distilled water and EDTA (p > 0.05), whereas BioRoot Flow was significantly more soluble than BioRoot RCS in all CA solutions (p < 0.001). The main phase identified for both materials was zirconium oxide, which remained unaffected by the solutions. Within the limitations of the study, 10% and 20% CA were more effective than distilled water, 17% EDTA and 40% CA in terms of dissolving BioRoot RCS and BioRoot Flow. The BioRoot Flow was significantly more soluble in all CA solutions than BioRoot RCS. 10% and 20% CA solutions may have a potential to be used as a solvent for hydraulic calcium silicate sealers during endodontic retreatment.

Investigating the Influence of Limb Blood Flow on Contraction-Induced Muscle Growth and the Impact of that Growth on Changes in Maximal Strength.

Changes in skeletal muscle size may be affected by resting blood flow (e.g., nutrient delivery) and this change in size is a hypothesized mechanism for changes in strength. To determine: 1) whether the relationship between isometric training and muscle growth depends on baseline blood flow or is mediated by a change in blood flow and 2) whether muscle growth mediates changes in maximal isometric strength. 179 participants were randomized into: low-intensity isometric handgrip exercise (LI), low-intensity isometric handgrip exercise with blood flow restriction (LI-BFR), maximal handgrip exercise (MAX), and a non-exercise control (CONTROL). Muscle thickness, strength, and resting limb blood flow were measured before and after the six-week intervention. Baseline blood flow did not moderate training effects on muscle thickness changes (MTHchg) (p = 0.666), and moderated mediation tests were non-significant. Although the LI-BFR group showed a significant effect on MTHchg (p = 0.018), MTHchg was not significantly related to handgrip strength change (HGchg) (p = 0.281), suggesting no mediation of the training-to-strength effect by MTHchg. Both the LI-BFR (p = 0.004) and MAX (p < 0.001) groups exhibited positive direct effects on HGchg compared to CONTROL. Furthermore, there were no differences between training groups and CONTROL on blood flow change (BFchg), BFchg and MTHchg were not significantly related, and neither BFchg nor MTHchg predicted HGchg, providing no evidence for mediated pathways. Muscle growth may not have occurred to an extent that would require vascular adaptation. Training maximally induced the greatest strength adaptations but was seemingly not driven by muscle growth.

Evaluation value of ultrasound on gastrointestinal function in patients with acute heart failure.

To study the changes in gastrointestinal wall thickness, blood flow, motility, and symptoms in patients with acute heart failure, and to assess gastrointestinal function by ultrasound. In this study, patients diagnosed with acute heart failure were selected as the study group, and healthy individuals were selected as the control group. Both groups collected general data and completed the Chinese version of the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale. Ultrasonography was used to measure several abdominal vascular and gastrointestinal-related indicators. Statistical analysis used grouped comparison and correlation analysis. The study group scored higher than the control group in total score, lower abdominal symptom score, constipation score, and difficult defecation score (Z = -2.828, -2.022, -2.015, -2.015, all P < 0.05). The hepatic vein diameter, superior mesenteric vein inner diameter and wall thickness of the ascending colon in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t = 9.543, P < 0.001; t = 2.277, P = 0.025; Z = -2.062, P = 0.039). Antral contraction amplitude, antral contraction frequency, motility index, jejunal peristalsis frequency, and ascending colon peristalsis frequency were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (Z = -2.571, -4.196, -3.681, -5.451, -4.061, all P < 0.001). The wall thickness of the antrum, jejunum, and ascending colon were positively correlated with the diameter of the hepatic vein (r = 0.394, P = 0.011; r = 0.352, P = 0.024; r = 0.450, P = 0.003). Motility index and ascending colon peristalsis frequency were positively correlated with the peak velocity of superior mesenteric vein (r = 0.456, P = 0.029; r = 0.507, P = 0.007). The wall thickness of the jejunum was positively correlated with the peak velocity of superior mesenteric artery (r = 0.330, P = 0.035). Peak velocity of superior mesenteric artery, antral contraction frequency, and jejunal peristalsis frequency were negatively correlated with the reflux score (r = -0.409, P = 0.038; r = -0.423, P = 0.032; r = -0.409, P = 0.038). The wall thickness of the ascending colon was positively correlated with the reflux score (r = 0.414, P = 0.035). This study found that patients with acute heart failure exhibited thickening of the gastrointestinal wall and generally reduced gastrointestinal motility, with predominantly lower abdominal symptoms. These findings indicate that ultrasound can effectively monitor the gastrointestinal structure and function of patients with acute heart failure, which is expected to provide help for clinical diagnosis and treatment.