Changes In Consumption Structure Research Articles

Changes in the socio-economic characteristics of households can decouple carbon emissions and consumption growth in China

The increasing consumption in developing countries poses a significant challenge to global climate change mitigation efforts. Understanding household characteristics is essential in exploring potential strategies to decouple carbon emissions from the increasing consumption. In this study, we utilized the multi-region input-output (MRIO) method to calculate household carbon emissions in China for the years 2012, 2016, and 2018. Using micro-level household survey data, we identified variations in carbon emissions among households with different economic levels and socioeconomic characteristics. Our analysis revealed that changes in household consumption structure and carbon intensity among households with improved economic levels, could result in a reduction of carbon emissions by 14 % to 19 %. Furthermore, households characterized by higher education levels, larger family sizes, and smaller housing units were found to generate lower carbon emissions per capita and per unit of consumption spending. By simulating household carbon emissions up to 2030, we identified three potential pathways to achieve decoupling: household economic upgrading, transitioning to low-carbon household characteristics, and reducing material consumption. Our findings indicate that even with a projected 75 % increase in per capita consumption volume by 2030, per capita household carbon emissions could still be lower than the levels observed in 2016. These results underscore the potential of consumption-focused policy measures in facilitating the decoupling of household consumption from carbon emissions.

The digital economy and environmental pollution: New evidence based on the support of logistics development

As the world's largest manufacturing and export country, environmental preservation in China has received widespread public attention. Although existing literature has focused on the relationship between the digital economy (DE) and environmental degradation from the supply side, it fails to incorporate the role of logistics and demand side. This study employs two-way fixed-effects model and two-stage least square method (2SLS) to empirically evaluate the emission abatement effect mechanisms of the digital economy under local logistics development for China's 31 provinces from 2015 to 2019, constructing an integrated framework and narrowing the gaps of existing studies. The empirical results suggest that digital economy growth can have an inhibitory effect on pollution emissions, while logistics development has a negative moderating effect on this impact. These conclusions still hold after a series of robustness tests to eliminate the influence of outliers and regionally differentiated policy interference. Mechanism analysis indicates that technological innovation, changes in industrial structure and consumption structure are significant mediating mechanisms, while logistics development provides indispensable support for the above mediation effect. Hence, this study overall implies that to further unleash the potential of emission abatement effect, adequate attention should be given to exerting the advantages of the digital economy and weighing the green transformation of logistics, enhancing the public's sense of environmental happiness worldwide.

Measurement and analysis of direct and indirect household energy consumption: a case study of China

Household energy consumption is one of the important indicators reflecting the economic development and living standard across countries. Using China’s classified household energy consumption and daily expenditure data from 2011 to 2019, this paper first calculated the overall direct and indirect household energy consumption in China in recent years by means of energy classification and consumer lifestyle analysis (CLA), and then analyzed the characteristics and changes of household energy consumption structure, and the different trends between urban and rural areas in China. We found that 1) Coal consumption occupied the first place in indirect energy consumption, followed by electricity. In terms of the overall trends, whether direct or indirect energy consumption, the proportion of coal was declining while those of electricity and natural gas were increasing year by year. 2) Indirect energy consumption accounted for the majority of the total, and the largest share of that was about housing consumption both in urban and rural areas. The changes in the indirect energy consumption structure of the urban and the rural were quite different. Compared with the indirect energy consumption of the rural, that of the urban showed both a faster growth rate and a larger share in the total indirect consumption, which reflected the inequality trend at present in energy consumption intensity and structure between urban and rural areas in China.

Analysis of embodied carbon emissions and carbon sequestration in Tibetan Plateau-Case study of Tibet and Qinghai

The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most important carbon sinks, while it is facing with huge pressure of carbon emission in the process of urbanization, and the inter-regional trade activities lead to the carbon emission structure to be more complex. To facilitate the realization of carbon neutrality, it is required to figure out the carbon sequestration capacity and the carbon emissions caused by socio-economic activities of the Tibetan Plateau. This study adopted the net primary productivity (NPP) remote estimation model to evaluate carbon sequestration capacity and utilized a multi-regional input–output analysis framework combined with a structural decomposition analysis model for embodied carbon emission evaluation of Tibet and Qinghai to identify the carbon emission characteristics in 2012 and 2017. The results reflect that Tibet had great potential for carbon neutrality, but Qinghai had a slight carbon deficit from both the production and consumption perspectives. The carbon emission flow patterns shown that Tibet was basically a net emission importer, and Qinghai mainly imported net emissions from northern China like Inner Mongolia, Henan, and Hebei, and exported emissions to southern China like Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Guangdong. The energy production and supply industries were the largest carbon emission sources and the major contributors of emission growth for Tibet and Qinghai. The gross capital formation have induced about 75% of the consumption-based emissions in plateau in both 2012 and 2017. The increased emissions were mainly driven by changes in average consumption structure, which promoted the emissions increased by 34.70% and 23.21% for Tibet and Qinghai, respectively. It can be concluded that the main task to achieve the target of carbon reduction is to change the energy structure of the Tibetan Plateau into a cleaner structure to reduce dependence on high-carbon products from other provinces and promote green development all over the country.

A Study on the Relationship Between Capital Structure and Value of Retail Industry --Taking Amazon as an Example

The outbreak of COVID-19 has driven a change in the residents' consumption structure, prompting further transformation and upgrading of the retail industry and intensifying market competition within the industry. The transformation and upgrading of the retail industry require financial support. When business directions change and business forms are adjusted, financing channels and financing methods need to be expanded to ensure that the company can cope well with the tight capital situation when faced with high-quality financing decisions. The capital structure and financing choices made by the company have a direct bearing on the company's future development and fate in the current state of the online retail business. Additionally, making financial decisions is at the heart of business management. Businesses should pick advantageous financing options to lower borrowing costs. At the same time, the enterprise also should establish effective internal financial controls to lay the financial foundation for the future sustainable development of the enterprise. To improve the enterprise value of the online retail industry as well as the enterprise's ability to withstand risks and enhance its competitiveness, this paper examines the relationship between Amazon's asset structure and enterprise value and makes relevant recommendations to it.

Challenges and responses of China’s energy legal system under the double carbon target

The deep-seated problem of carbon neutrality is the energy problem, and the change in energy consumption structure determines the degree of achieving China’s double carbon target. The basic path to achieve the dual carbon goal is to realize the rule of law in energy governance, and the premise of the rule of law in energy governance is to establish a perfect energy legal system. In this paper, we use literary analysis to understand the current research status of this topic, normative and empirical analysis to understand the current legal norms and their implementation status of the implementation of the dual carbon goal in China, and comparative analysis to understand the construction status of the energy legal system of each country in achieving the dual carbon goal. In China, there are also problems such as the dilemma of energy law structure, the lack of dual-carbon legislative goals, the lack of basic framework laws, and the disconnection between energy laws and energy policies, etc. To remedy these dilemmas and shortcomings, the path of constructing a perfect energy law and regulation system is to: establish a Chinese energy development plan with dual-carbon goals; to formulate a basic energy law to lay the framework of China’s energy legal system; to establish the concepts and principles of energy legislation as the basis for maintaining a coordinated and unified energy legal system and so on.

Impact of COVID‑19 on household consumption in Russia

This paper investigates the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on household consumption patterns in Russia. We use household budget survey data, modelling the impact of household socioeconomic characteristics on consumption patterns. Additionally, we account for the regional heterogeneity of the severity of the quarantine measures. The results indicate a quantitative change in household consumption structure, but consumers’ behaviour patterns remain unchanged.

배양육의 법률적 수용성의 한계와 과제에 관한 소고

Consumers' food consumption structure changes from grain-centered to meat-centered depending on economic factors and socio-cultural factors. As an alternative to the rapidly growing demand for meat, interest in alternative meat is rapidly increasing, and in particular, interest in cultured meat that is similar to meat in terms of sensuality is emerging.
 The cultured meat industry is expanding centered on research and development, and recently, commercialization and commercialization of cultured meat have begun in domestic and foreign companies. However, in the commercialization of cultured meat, there is little discussion about the scope and limits of legal acceptability, such as the uncertainty of scientific safety raised by the livestock industry and the ethical responsibility of consumers. Studies related to cultured meat are mainly limited to technical aspects, and studies examining the legal field are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we tried to find out how far cultured meat can be accommodated in the current legal system, that is, the scope, limitations and challenges of legal capacity.
 Cultured meat is not a product through livestock breeding from the viewpoint of the production system, so there are limitations in receiving the application of the 「Livestock Industry Act」, 「Food Sanitation Act」, and 「Food Code」. cultured meat has no legal basis to apply standards and specifications in the 「Food Sanitation Act」 and 「Livestock Products Sanitary Control Act」 even in the safety system. Even in the labeling system, it cannot be labeled as “meat” because it is not a livestock product stipulated by the 「Livestock Industry Act」. Cultured meat does not have a clear legal basis not only in Korea but also in major developed countries. This is due to ethical and scientific limitations, as well as being in conflict with the livestock industry and livestock products based on existing livestock breeding. Priority should be given to preparing legal regulations that can secure the reliability of the livestock industry, agricultural, and consumers. It is judged that it will be after that that cultured meat can be recognized as a substitute food to the extent that the scope of livestock industry and agriculture is not reduced.

A novel grey Lotka–Volterra model driven by the mechanism of competition and cooperation for energy consumption forecasting

Energy is the foundation for the stable operation and long-term growth of the national economy. Quantifying the degree of competition and cooperation among different types of energy consumption and predicting its future development trend will help to analyse the changes in energy consumption structure, to better formulate and make decisions on energy policies. In view of the inherent complexity of the energy consumption system structure, this paper proposes a novel grey Lotka–Volterra model (GLVM) for energy consumption forecasting, to evaluate the impact of long-term competition and cooperation on the national energy consumption system and its development trend. In theory, the solution method and parameter identification of the GLVM are given, and the parameter characteristics of GLVM under multiplicative transformation are analysed. Based on this, the GLVM is used to analyse the consumption structure of different types of energy in China, the United States and Germany, and quantitatively analyses the internal relationship of the energy consumption structure of the three representative countries. Compared with other models, the results show that this model is superior to other existing models in accuracy and interpretability. The model proposed in this paper is of great value to researchers and decision makers.

Study on the Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on the Structure of Energy Consumption

As an important disposable energy source in China, oil has an important impact on the development of China's macro economy, as well as on the daily life of clothing, food, housing and transportation. In order to explore the fluctuation of oil prices, the impact on the change of China's energy consumption structure. In this paper, we construct a fixed-effects model with provincial panel data on oil price fluctuations and energy consumption structure for 30 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government from 2008 to 2019, draw conclusions, and propose targeted opinions based on the final results to promote the transformation and upgrading of China's energy consumption structure.

Dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs-d) in response to hydrology variation and anthropogenic activities in the Yangtze River, China

Owing to their bioavailability and toxicity, the dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs-d) loaded in rivers are harmful to both inland and marine ecosystems. Thus, exploring the changes in PAHs-d levels and sources is important for controlling PAHs pollution. In this study, the concentration of PAHs-d in the mainstream of the Yangtze River during dry and wet seasons was investigated and the source was analyzed using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to assess the response of PAHs-d to hydrological and anthropogenic activities changes. The concentration of PAHs-d in the wet season (166.2 ± 52.51 ng/L) was significantly higher than that in the dry season (89.05 ± 20.89 ng/L) (ANOVA, P < 0.001), and the sampling sites with high pollution were mainly distributed in the downstream urban agglomeration. Herein, 2–3 rings were identified to play a dominant role in the composition of PAHs-d. Compared with the dry season, the proportion of the low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs-d were relatively depleted and the high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs-d were accumulated in the wet season. Coal and coke combustion were identified as the main sources of PAHs-d (65.9% in the dry season and 59.2% in the wet season), followed by vehicle emissions, petroleum sources, and biomass combustion. Owing to the change in energy consumption structure and climate characteristics, the sources of PAHs-d displayed seasonal variation and spatial heterogeneity. Further, flow was identified as the most important factor affecting PAHs-d in the hydrological parameters. Increases of flow, pH, and SPM decreased the proportion of LMW PAHs-d, and increased that of HMW PAHs-d. The increase in anthropogenic activities intensified the residual levels of 2-3rings and 5–6 rings in water, but had no significant impact on the levels of 4 rings.

The statistical projection of global GHG emissions from a consumption perspective

Projections of future emissions based on current trends are vital to assess the performance of mitigation efforts and to devise mitigation strategies. However, previous studies are uncertain how the persistence and convergence of mitigation efforts may impact future trajectories from the consumption perspective. Here we assume regional convergence over time after finding strong supporting historical evidence and develop a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Bayesian analysis of historical and projected consumption-based emissions during 1995–2050 via a modified Kaya identity. We find global emissions of 21–94 GtCO 2 eq yr −1 by 2050, slightly higher than SSP1-2.6 and encompassing SSP3-7.0, resulting in 1.4–2.9 °C of warming above pre-industrial levels mid-way through the century. The median projection shows a 2028 peak of 42 GtCO 2 eq yr −1 and an annual average decrease of 0.25 GtCO 2 eq thereafter. Future emission decreases result from the interplay between a rapid reduction driven by decreasing consumption-based emission intensities, especially in clothing and transport, and the change of final demand structure (−1.53 GtCO 2 eq yr −1 ) against increases from economic and population growth (+1.33 GtCO 2 eq yr −1 ). This highlights the importance in continually updating projections and considering models that reflect convergence and consumption structure changes, in order to better inform climate policy.

Analysis on the development direction of circular economy theory in automobile industry market and economic and technical conditions

With regard to the analysis of China's automobile industry market and development direction, we should not only consider the pulling effect of domestic economic growth, changes in consumption structure and industrial structure on automobile demand, but also the international experience of the relationship between per capita income level and automobile ownership rate, and more importantly, we should reflect on the traditional economic development model and find a new development model that effectively balances the relationship among economy, society, environment and resources. It is an inevitable trend for the development of automobile industry to take the circular economy mode, and it is the general trend of implementing the sustainable development strategy. In this situation, all kinds of technical ways to deal with the problems of resources and environment have their advantages and cannot be replaced. However, the research on circular economy of automobile industry in China has just started, and the basic material flow table and data analysis model of automobile products have not been established. This paper analyzes the traditional development mode of automobile industry, discusses the economic development direction of automobile industry and the development mode of circular economy in automobile industry, so as to keep up with the general trend of China's sustainable development strategy.

Research on the Impact of Industrial Robots on China’s Regional In-dustrial Structure

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p class="4"&gt;The large-scale deployment of industrial robots and the technological innovation brought by artificial intelligence promote the development of local high industrialization and modernization. Industrial robots are going through the process of changing from automatic tools to intelligent tools, and even to innovative tools. Theoretical analysis shows that its universal characteristics and technological progress effect contribute to the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. The panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model is constructed based on the data of the international robotics Union. The results show that the following facts. (1). The impact of industrial robots on the upgrading of China’s regional industrial structure has a single threshold effect, which can be roughly divided into an impact area bounded by Hu Huanyong line and high in the east and low in the west. (2). With the increasing impact, the positive effect of material capital agglomeration on the upgrading of regional industrial structure is restrained, and the negative effect of industrial labor agglomeration on the upgrading of regional industrial structure should be enhanced. (3). Affected by the impact, the elasticity of material capital agglomeration and industrial labor agglomeration increases marginally in the west of Hu Huanyong line, decreases marginally in the east of Hu Huanyong line, and finally converges. (4). Industrial robots have no significant impact on the industrial structure in the process of attracting human capital agglomeration, technological factor agglomeration and guiding the change of consumption structure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Analysis of the Impact of Household Tourism Consumption Based on Multilevel Structural Equation Model

With the development of the social economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, tourism has become one of the important lifestyles of families. Family tourism is a new trend that will have no small impact on further developing tourism and boosting domestic demand. With tourism activities booming today, family tourism consumption is an area worthy of study. This study examines household tourism consumption using a hierarchical structural equation model to explore the factors influencing the latent variables of income structure, household, and regional characteristics of consumption structure. Further combining these potential variables and their influences, the formation and change of consumption structure were explored using hierarchical structural equation modeling. This is of academic value and theoretical significance in refining the application of the hierarchical structural equation model and enriching the use of latent variable factor analysis in consumption structure research. Finally, based on the characteristics of family tourism consumption and the problems of family tourism, some suggestions are made for the development of tourism.

Spatiotemporal changes in water consumption structure of the Yellow River Basin, China

Analyzing and summarizing the evolution law of water consumption structure and proposing corresponding control countermeasures are important for realizing the coordinated development of a regional social economy. In this study, Information entropy, Lorentz curve, Gini coefficient, and Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test were conducted to reveal the spatiotemporal variations in water use characteristics in the Yellow River Basin of China. The results showed a reduction of the dominant position of the single water consumption structure in the basin during 1998–2017, which eventually increased the equilibrium degree among water consumption sectors and made the water consumption structure more reasonable and diversified. The study identified three periods of water consumption structure transformation: 1998 to 2002 as the first growth period, and 2003 to 2012 as the adjustment period, 2013 to 2017 as the second growth period. The spatial distribution was found highly even for agricultural water consumption, while less even for industrial, domestic and ecological water use. The water consumption in agriculture was much higher compared to other sectors. The study can serve as the basis for the optimal utilization of water resources.

Changing Food Consumption and Nutrition Intake in Kazakhstan.

Food resource is an important bond that connects human beings and nature. In this study, we investigated the changes in food consumption and nutrition intake in Kazakhstan from a spatial and temporal perspective, from 2001 to 2018. The data were obtained from the Bureau of Statistics, international organizations and our social interview work. After the start of the 21st century, it was found that per capita food consumption significantly increased; however, the consumption of crop, vegetables and milk decreased. Per capita meat consumption was similar in both urban and rural areas. However, some food consumption showed differences between urban and rural areas. Changes of food consumption quantity and structure also had some effects on nutrient intake and the proportion of nutrients. Per capita energy intake in the national, urban and rural areas all increased remarkably. The energy intake changes in eastern states increased much more than that in western states. Protein intake in rural and urban areas was similar; however, the gap between carbohydrates and fat intake in urban and rural areas increased. The intake of protein, carbohydrates and fat in different states showed the same trend. Food consumption and nutrition intake are affected by economic, social and ecological factors.

Grain Crop Production as Guaranty of Food Safety of China

The given article analyses the present state of grain farming of the PRC and its contribution to the food security of the country. The food security is the basis for supplying of 1.4 bln. population of the country with food, maintaining social stability, achieving sustainable economical growth and provision of national security. PRC achieved remarkable results in the field of food safety. For the 70 years passed from the formation of the PRC thanks to the efforts of the government and the agricultural laborers China made a prominent historical step from the period of malnutrition to the period of fullness. The article analyses major points in the food safety policy of China for the last 10 years. Starting from the XVIIIth CPC congress Chinese government paid more attention to the food safety problem. At the XIXth CPC congress a new concept of the food safety was formulated. It stated the quality and safety of food and greater variety of food assortment as major criteria. The XXth CPC set new goals for the solution of the food safety problem. From the beginning of the year 2020 to the autumn of 2022 due to the series of events the topic of food safety became more sensitive not only in China but around the world as well. But despite of the stated difficulties China significantly surpassed international standards of food safety in 2021. The most important and priority link in the chain of food safety is the grain self-sufficiency. The given article covers the situation on 3 major grain crops grown in China: rice, wheat and corn and investigates the reasons led to the grain consumption structure changes of the last 20 years.

The impact of consumption on economic growth in Chongqing based on the decomposition of input output table

This paper investigates the effects of Chongqing’s rural and urban residents and total resident population on economic development based on the residents’ consumption structure and analyses of economic development theories concerned by using the input-output table of Chongqing during 2002–2017 and SDA (Structure Decomposition Analysis) model. The study found that, compared with the previous years, the direct consumption of the primary industry’s unit output to the industrial products has decreased significantly in 2017, while the direct consumption to the tertiary industry has increased significantly; The direct consumption per unit output of the second industry is basically equal to that of the products of the industry, while the direct consumption of the products of the third industry has increased; The direct consumption per unit output value of the tertiary industry is basically equal to that of the primary industry. In the long run, the changes in consumption structure of rural and urban residents and total resident population and the increase in proportion of tertiary industry accelerate the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. However, the effect of consumption structure on GDP (Gross Domestic Product) varies from year to year. On the whole, the changes of residents’ consumption have a positive effect on GDP (Gross Domestic Product).

Analysis of the Impact of Carbon Emission Trading on Social and Economic Development under the Change of International Oil Price

The drastic fluctuation of international oil price has a great impact on social and economic development. It is of great significance for social and economic development to analyze the impact of carbon emissions trading under the fluctuation of international oil price on social and economic development. Johansen test and state space model are used to study the spillover effect of international oil price fluctuation on carbon market price change and yield. VAR model, impulse response and variance decomposition are used to explore the impact of carbon emissions trading on energy price and consumer price index fluctuation, so as to analyze the social and economic development of carbon emissions trading under international oil price fluctuation. The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between international oil price and carbon price, and the spillover of international oil price to carbon market and yield shows that oil price can lead to the change of carbon price, but because of the change of EU energy consumption structure and the continuous improvement of carbon trading mechanism, the spillover effect shows a downward trend. The fluctuation of carbon trading price under the change of international oil price constitutes energy. Source price fluctuation causes, but the impact on consumer price index (CPI) is small, which does not constitute the cause of affecting social and economic development. The carbon price has little impact on domestic oil price fluctuation, and has a positive effect.