Changes In Cancer Incidence Research Articles

Global obesity epidemic and rising incidence of early-onset cancers.

Incidence of early-onset cancers at multiple organ sites has increased worldwide in recent decades. We investigated whether such increasing trends could be explained by trends in obesity. We obtained incidence data for 21 common cancers among 25-49-year-olds during 2000-2012 in 42 countries from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database. Nine cancers we examined have been classified as obesity-related by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Estimates of overweight and obesity prevalence came from the Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. Using country-level data, we examined whether changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity combined were correlated with changes in cancer incidence, after accounting for various time lags (0-15 years) between exposure and cancer diagnosis. To test the validity of our approach, we conducted negative control analyses (using non-obesity-related cancers as the outcome variable, and per-capita gross national income as the exposure variable), and sensitivity and supplemental analyses using alternative data streams or processing. We found increased incidence for six of nine obesity-related and seven of twelve non-obesity-related cancers in 25-49-year-olds. These increases were more predominant in Western countries (particularly Australia, the USA, Canada, Norway, the Netherlands, and Lithuania). For four obesity-related cancers displaying increased incidence (colon, rectum, pancreas, kidney), changes in cancer incidence were positively correlated with changes in overweight and obesity prevalence. When accounting for a 15-year lag, the estimated correlation was 0.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.04, 0.53; P = 0.090) for colon cancer, 0.33 (95% CI = 0.02, 0.58; P = 0.036) for rectal cancer, 0.39 (95% CI = 0.08, 0.64; P = 0.018) for pancreatic cancer, and 0.22 (95% CI = -0.10, 0.50; P = 0.173) for kidney cancer. Similar correlations were found in the sensitivity and supplemental analyses. We did not find similar correlations with excess body weight for the non-obesity-related early-onset cancers, nor correlations with per-capita gross national income for any cancer types, in the negative control analyses. Worldwide increases in early-onset colon, rectal, pancreatic, and kidney cancers may have been partly driven by increases in excess body weight. The increases in other early-onset cancers, however, were likely driven by other factors deserving of further investigation.

Demographical and Epidemiological Contribution to Cancer Incidence in Delhi and Its Trends from 1991-2015.

Cancer incidences are rising worldwide, and India ranked third globally in cancer incidence as of 2020, according to estimates from GLOBOCAN. The three components that contributed to changes in cancer incidence include cancer-related risk factors, population size, and population structure. The present study aim is to derive the contribution of these factors to cancer incidence and to evaluate their trend from 1991 to 2015. The Data were extracted from the Delhi population-based cancer registry published reports. This longstanding registry covers nearly 100% of the Delhi population. The secular trends of cancer incidence from 1991-2015 were assessed for all sites combined as well as top-five cancer sites among males and females. Joinpoint regression and Riskdiff software were performed to assess the trend among the components of cancer incidence change. Both males and females exhibited nearly equal age-standardised incidence rates over 25 years. Albeit, an overall trend in age-standardised rate was not significant for both sexes (0.68% for males and -0.16% for females) when considering all cancer sites combined. Lung, prostate, oral, and gallbladder cancer exhibits a significant rising trend in the age-standardised rates in males while in females only breast and endometrial cancer showed a rising trend. The cancer counts surged by 252% in males and 208.5% in females from 1991 to 2015. The population size component contributed a 180% increase in males and a 170% increase in females, respectively. The site-specific risk changes were more than 100% for the prostate, oral, and gallbladder cancers in males and endometrial cancer in females. The population structure (aging) contributed to rising cancer incidence varying from 35% to 60% in both genders. A significant contribution to new cancer cases was observed due to a demographical shift in both population size and structure, in addition to plausible cancer-specific risk factors. This transformation could surge a potential burden on the Delhi healthcare system. Persistent endeavours are essential to expand and enhance the existing cancer care infrastructure to meet the rising demand driven by aging and population growth. Implementing a stringent population policy can help to mitigate the impact of population growth on cancer incidence.

Trends in breast, colon, pancreatic, and uterine cancers in women during the COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to reductions in primary care and cancer screening visits, which may delay detection of some cancers. The impact on incidence has not been fully quantified. We examined change in cancer incidence to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic may have altered the characteristics of cancers diagnosed among women. This study included female patients aged ≥18 years and diagnosed with breast (n = 9489), colon (n = 958), pancreatic (n = 669), or uterine (n = 1991) cancer at three hospitals in North Carolina. Using interrupted time series, we compared incidence of cancers diagnosed between March 2020 and November 2020 (during pandemic) with cancers diagnosed between January 2016 and February 2020 (pre-pandemic). During the pandemic, incidence of breast and uterine cancers was significantly lower than expected compared to pre-pandemic (breast-18%, p = 0.03; uterine -20%, p = 0.05). Proportions of advanced pathologic stage and hormone receptor-negative breast cancers, and advanced clinical stage and large size uterine cancers were more prevalent during the pandemic. No significant changes in incidence were detected for pancreatic (-20%, p = 0.08) or colon (+14%, p = 0.30) cancers. In women, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of breast and uterine cancers, but not colon or pancreatic cancers. A change in the proportion of poor prognosis breast and uterine cancers suggests that some cancers that otherwise would have been diagnosed at an earlier stage will be detected in later years. Continued analysis of long-term trends is needed to understand the full impact of the pandemic on cancer incidence and outcomes.

Climate factors associated with cancer incidence: An ecological study covering 33 cancers from population-based registries in 37 countries

Cancer etiology is multifactorial, with climate change and environmental factors such as extreme weather events and ozone layer destruction potentially increasing cancer risk. Investigating climate factors with cancer incidence can provide valuable insights for prevention and future disease burden prediction. We conducted a population-based ecological study using data from the World Health Organization’s Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5plus, 89 cancer registries from 1998 to 2012) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER, 607 US counties from 2000 to 2018) Program. We tracked climate factors through satellite-based remote sensing, including green space, stratospheric ozone concentration, solar radiation, precipitation, and temperature. We performed linear panel regression models to estimate the effects of both long-term exposure, lag effect, and change rate of climate factors on cancer incidences. We adjusted for smoking prevalence, air pollution, and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita to account for potential confounding factors. Our study included more than 430 million underlying populations across 37 countries. Higher green space exposure (per 0.1-unit normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) was associated with decreased incidence of lung cancer (up to 6.66 cases [95%CI 4.38–8.93] per 100,000) and prostate cancer (up to 10.84 cases [95% CI 7.73–13.95] per 100,000). Increased solar radiation was associated with a higher incidence of melanoma, but a lower incidence of prostate cancer. No evidence was found to suggest associations between temperature or precipitation and cancer incidence. However, a rapid increase in temperature was linked to higher incidences of corpus uteri cancer and melanoma. Long-term exposure and rapid changes in climate factors may influence changes in cancer incidence, particularly lung and prostate cancers. While some associations were supported by existing evidence (such as solar radiation and melanoma), further research is necessary to investigate the etiology of novel cancer risk factors.

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on cancer care: How the pandemic has changed cancer utilization and expenditures.

Since identified in December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a global impact on medical resource use and costs for patients with cancer in South Korea. This study aimed to identify the medical use and costs among patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic, to predict these patterns in South Korea in the future. We conducted a secondary claims data analysis using the National Health Insurance Service database for the calendar period of 2019-2020. Monthly relative percent changes in cancer incidence, medical use, and billing costs for medical care utilization by cancer type were calculated. Then, the medical use and costs after January 2020 were predicted using a time series model with data before the COVID-19 outbreak (2014-2019). The incidence of cancer diagnoses has seen a notable decline since the outbreak of the COVID-19 in 2020 as compared to 2019. Despite the impact of COVID-19, there hasn't been a distinct decline in outpatient utilization when compared to inpatient utilization. While medical expenses for both inpatient and outpatient visits have slightly increased, the number of patients treated for cancer has decreased significantly compared to the previous year. In June 2020, overall outpatient costs experienced the highest increase (21.1%), while individual costs showed the most significant decrease (-4.9%) in June 2020. Finally, the number of hospitalisations and outpatient visits increased slightly from June-July in 2020, reducing the difference between the actual and predicted values. The decrease in the number of inpatient hospitalisations (-22~-6%) in 2020 was also high. The overall use of medical services by patients with cancer decreased in 2020 compared with that in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period. In the future, the government should consider how to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, and establish permanent health policies for patients with cancer.

Temporal patterns of cancer burden in Asia, 1990–2019: a systematic examination for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study

Cancers represent a challenging public health threat in Asia. This study examines the temporal patterns of incidence, mortality, disability and risk factors of 29 cancers in Asia in the last three decades. The age, sex and year-wise estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of 29 cancers for 49 Asian countries from 1990 through 2019 were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors 2019 study. Besides incidence, mortality and DALYs, we also examined the cancer burden measured in terms of DALYs and deaths attributable to risk factors, which had evidence of causation with different cancers. The development status of countries was measured using the socio-demographic index. Decomposition analysis was performed to gauge the change in cancer incidence between 1990 and 2019 due to population growth, aging and age-specific incidence rates. All cancers combined claimed an estimated 5.6 million [95% uncertainty interval, 5.1-6.0 million] lives in Asia with 9.4 million [8.6-10.2 million] incident cases and 144.7 million [132.7-156.5 million] DALYs in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of all cancers combined in Asia was 197.6/100,000 [181.0-214.4] in 2019, varying from 99.2/100,000 [76.1-126.0] in Bangladesh to 330.5/100,000 [298.5-365.8] in Cyprus. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 120.6/100,000 [110.1-130.7] in 2019, varying 4-folds across countries from 71.0/100,000 [59.9-83.5] in Kuwait to 284.2/100,000 [229.2-352.3] in Mongolia. The age-standardized DALYs rate was 2970.5/100,000 [2722.6-3206.5] in 2019, varying from 1578.0/100,000 [1341.2-1847.0] in Kuwait to 6574.4/100,000 [5141.7-8333.0] in Mongolia. Between 1990 and 2019, deaths due to 17 of the 29 cancers either doubled or more, and 20 of the 29 cancers underwent an increase of 150% or more in terms of new cases. Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (both sexes), breast cancer (among females), colon and rectum cancer (both sexes), stomach cancer (both sexes) and prostate cancer (among males) were among top-5 cancers in most Asian countries in terms of ASIR and ASMR in 2019 and cancers of liver, stomach, hodgkin lymphoma and esophageal cancer posted the most significant decreases in age-standardized rates between 1990 and 2019. Among the modifiable risk factors, smoking, alcohol use, ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution and unsafe sex remained the dominant risk factors between 1990 and 2019. Cancer DALYs due to ambient PM pollution, high body mass index and fasting plasma glucose has increased most notably between 1990 and2019. With growing incidence, cancer has become more significant public health threat in Asia, demanding urgent policy attention and guidance. Its heightened risk calls for increased cancer awareness, preventive measures, affordable early-stage detection, and cost-effective therapeutics in Asia. The current study can serve as a useful resource for policymakers and researchers in Asia for devising interventions for cancer management and control. The GBD study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Decrease in the number of new cancer diagnoses during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic - cohort study of 3.5 million individuals in western Poland.

The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably affected healthcare systems worldwide and is expected to influence cancer incidence, mortality, stage at diagnosis, and survival. This study aimed to assess COVID-19-related changes in cancer incidence observed in 2020 in the Greater Poland region. Data from the Greater Poland Cancer Registry on cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2020 were analysed. To quantify the change in the number of incident cancer cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, we calculated the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and the incidence rate difference (IRD) to assume the pandemic-attributable gap in cancer incidence. In 2020, in Greater Poland, the expected number of new cancer cases was 18 154 (9 226 among males and 8 927 among females), while the observed number was 14 770 (7 336 among males and 7 434 among females). The registered number of cancer cases decreased in 2020 by 20% (SIR 0·80, 95% CI 0·78 to 0·81) and 17% (SIR 0·83, 95% CI 0·81 to 0·85) in males and females, respectively. Among men, the most significant difference was reported for myeloma (SIR 0·59, 95% CI 0·45 to 0·77), among women for bone cancer (SIR 0·47, 95% CI 0·20 to 0·93). In females the observed incidence was higher than expected for cancer of an unspecified site (SIR 1·19, 95% CI 1·01 to 1·38). In our study, the decrease in new cancer cases was greater in males than in females. The observed incidence was affected in most cancer sites, with the most significant deviation from the expected number in the case of myeloma. An increase in the observed incidence was reported only in women diagnosed with cancer of an unspecified site, which might reflect shortages in access to oncological diagnostics.

Exploring Patients’ and Caregivers’ Perception of Healthcare Provision to Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Background: Patients with cancer are among the groups that are vulnerable to the COVID-19 crisis. Identifying the factors affecting the process of healthcare provision can improve the health services provided to cancer patients. Therefore, this study aimed to explain stakeholders’ perception of the healthcare services provided to cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis method in Iran in 2021. Participants included cancer patients, their families, and healthcare providers, who were selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected through 19 individual interviews and two focus groups and then analyzed using the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Qualitative data analysis revealed seven main categories, including the disruption of care continuity, reduced quality of health services, poor provision of community-based services, lack of comprehensive care, lack of public education, predicting changes in cancer incidence and mortality trends, and ethical challenges. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed cancer patients to many challenges, including limited access to health services. Therefore, there is a need to facilitate these patients’ access to safe healthcare services.

The Relationship Between Pharmaceutical Innovation and Cancer Mortality in Spain, From 1999 to 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship across cancer sites between pharmaceutical innovation and changes in cancer mortality in Spain during the period between 1999 and 2016. MethodsI investigated whether the cancer sites for which more new drugs were authorized had larger reductions in mortality from 1999 to 2016 in Spain, controlling for the lagged change in cancer incidence. The principal measure of pharmaceutical innovation is the long-run change in the mean vintage (year of initial authorization in Spain) of the drugs for the treatment of a cancer previously authorized in Spain. ResultsThe 1999 to 2016 increase in mean age at death tended to be larger, and the 1999 to 2016 increase in the number of deaths and life-years lost before the ages 65 years, 75 years, and 85 years tended to be smaller for cancer sites that had larger current or lagged increases in drug vintage. Pharmaceutical innovation was associated with a 2.77-year increase in mean age at death from cancer from 1999 to 2016—96% of the observed increase. New drug authorization during the previous 17 years were associated with a reduction in the number of life-years lost before the age of 75 years in 2016 of 333 000. Under the assumption that the association between pharmaceutical innovation and mortality reduction is causal, estimated drug expenditure per life year before the age of 75 years gained in 2016 from new cancer drugs that were authorized between 2000 and 2016 was €3269. ConclusionsThe cancer sites for which there were more pharmaceutical innovation—more new drugs authorized—had larger 1999 to 2016 reductions in mortality in Spain, controlling for the lagged change in cancer incidence.

Changes in spatial clusters of cancer incidence and mortality over 15 years in South Korea: Implication to cancer control.

The temporal investigation of high-risk areas of cancer incidence and mortality can provide practical implications in cancer control. We aimed to investigate the changes in spatial clusters of incidence and mortality from 1999 through 2013 by major cancer types in South Korea. We applied flexible scan statistics to identify spatial clusters of cancer incidence and mortality by three 5-year periods and seven major cancer types using the counts of new cases and deaths and population in 244 districts during 1999-2013. Then, we compared the changes across three periods in the locations of primary clusters of incidence and mortality by cancer types. To explore the determinants that possibly affect cancer cluster areas, we compared geographic characteristics between clustered and non-clustered areas. While incidence clusters for lung, stomach, and liver cancer remained in the same areas over 15 years, mortality clusters were relocated to the areas similar to those of incidence clusters. In contrast, colorectal, breast, cervical, and prostate cancer displayed consistently different locations of clusters over time, indicating the disappearance of existing clusters and the appearance of new clusters. Cluster areas tended to show higher portions of older population, unemployment, smoking, and cancer screening compared to non-cluster areas particularly for mortality. Our findings of diverse patterns of changes in cancer incidence and mortality clusters over 15 years can indicate the degree of effectiveness in cancer prevention and treatment depending on the area and suggest the need for area-specific applications of different cancer control programs.

New Regional Dynamic Cancer Model across the European Union.

Can increasing levels of economic wealth significantly influence changes in cancer incidence and mortality rates? We investigated this issue by means of regression analyses based on the study of incidence and mortality indicators for lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal; colon; pancreatic; lung; leukaemia; brain and central nervous system cancers in correlation with the levels of economic welfare and financial allocations to health at the level of the European Union member states, with the exception of Luxembourg and Cyprus for which there are no official statistical data reported. The results of the study showed that there were significant disparities both regionally and by gender, requiring corrective public policy measures that were formulated in this study. The conclusions highlight the main findings of the study in terms of the evolution of the disease, present the significant aspects that characterise the evolution of each type of cancer during the period analysed (1993-2021), and highlight the novelty and limitations of the study and future directions of research. As a result, increasing economic welfare is a potential factor in halting the effects of cancer incidence and mortality at the population level, while the financial allocations to health of EU member countries' budgets are a drawback due to large regional disparities.

International commission on radiological protection report 152(2022): Radiation detriment calculation methodology

International commission on radiological protection report 152(2022): Radiation detriment calculation methodology

Infection-related and lifestyle-related cancer burden in Kampala, Uganda: projection of the future cancer incidence up to 2030

ObjectivesIn Uganda, infection-related cancers have made the greatest contribution to cancer burden in the past; however, burden from lifestyle-related cancers has increased recently. Using the Kampala Cancer Registry data, we...

Changes in cancer incidence and survival among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Australia, 1997-2016.

This study reports cancer incidence and survival among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and other Australian children, and assesses changes over time. Data were from the population-based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry. The study comprised children aged under 15 diagnosed between 1997 and 2016 and with mortality follow-up until 31 December 2017. Incidence trends were analysed using JoinPoint regression. Five-year cancer-specific survival was calculated using the semi-complete approach with survival comparisons made using multivariable flexible parametric models. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children accounted for 506 of 13,299 eligible cases (3.8%). Incidence rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children across the study period increased by 2.3% annually (95% confidence interval [CI]: +0.6% to +4.0%) and for other Australian children increased by 0.6% annually (95% CI: +0.3% to +0.9%; p = .05). Nonetheless, cancer incidence was consistently lower for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, with an incidence rate ratio of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.62-0.85; p<.01) between 2012 and 2016. Survival for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with solid tumours was 70.6% (95% CI: 62.5%-77.3%) and for other Australian children was 83.5% (95% CI: 82.3%-84.7%; p < .01), with indications of this difference diminishing in recent years. Improvements in identification, particularly in urban areas, most likely accounts for the greater increase in cancer incidence rates among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Examination of data on stage at diagnosis and treatment may provide important insights into survival for children with solid tumours.

Surveillance of the Incidence and Mortality of Oral and Pharyngeal, Esophageal, and Lung Cancer in Nevada: Potential Implications of the Nevada Indoor Clean Air Act.

Reviews of national and state-specific cancer registries have revealed differences in rates of oral, esophageal, and lung cancer incidence and mortality that have implications for public health research and policy. Many significant associations between these types of cancers and major risk factors, such as cigarette usage, may be influenced by public health policy such as smoking restrictions and bans—including the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act (NCIAA) of 2006 (and subsequent modification in 2011). Although evaluation of general and regional advances in public policy have been previously evaluated, no recent studies have focused specifically on the changes to the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal, esophageal, and lung cancer incidence and mortality in Nevada. Methods: Cancer incidence and mortality rate data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Most recently available rate changes in cancer incidence and mortality for Nevada included the years 2012–2016 and are age-adjusted to the year 2000 standard US population. This analysis revealed that the overall rates of incidence and mortality from these types of cancer in Nevada differs from that observed in the overall US population. For example, although the incidence rate of oral cancer is decreasing in the US overall (0.9%), it is stable in Nevada (0.0%). However, the incidence and mortality rates from esophageal cancer are also decreasing in the US (−1.1%, −1.2%, respectively), and are declining more rapidly in Nevada (−1.5%, −1.9%, respectively). Similarly, the incidence and mortality rates from lung are cancer are declining in the US (−2.5%, −2.4%, respectively) and are also declining more rapidly in Nevada (−3.2%, −3.1%, respectively). Analysis of previous epidemiologic data from Nevada (1999–2003) revealed the highest annual percent change (APC) in oral cancer incidence in the US was observed in Nevada (+4.6%), which corresponded with the highest APC in oral cancer mortality (+4.6%). Subsequent studies regarding reduced rates of cigarette use due to smoking restrictions and bans have suggested that follow up studies may reveal changes in the incidence and mortality rates of oral and other related cancers. This study analysis revealed that oral cancer incidence rates are no longer increasing in Nevada and that mortality rates have started to decline, although not as rapidly as the overall national rates. However, rapid decreases in both the incidence and mortality from esophageal and lung cancer were observed in Nevada, which strongly suggest the corresponding changes in oral cancer may be part of a larger epidemiologic shift resulting from improved public health policies that include indoor smoking restrictions and bans.

Neck CT imaging and correlation with thyroid cancer incidence across age, gender and race.

Incidental detection of thyroid cancers has been proposed as a cause of thyroid cancer increases over past decades, but few studies assess the impact of imaging utilization on thyroid cancer incidence. This study quantifies neck CT prevalence and its relationship with thyroid cancer incidence as a function of age, sex and race. Medical records of over 1 million patients at our institution were retrospectively analysed to quantify neck CT prevalence from 2004 to 2011 (study period). A national cancer database was used to compute thyroid cancer incidences over the study period and a reference period (1974-81) and to calculate change in thyroid incidence between the two periods. Both populations were partitioned into demographic subgroups of varying age, sex and race. Linear correlation between neck imaging and thyroid cancer incidence changes among subgroups was assessed using Pearson's correlation. Neck CT imaging and change in thyroid cancer incidence varied across all examined demographic variables, particularly age. When stratifying by age, CT use correlated strongly with recent national thyroid cancer incidence (R=.97) and with 30-year change in thyroid cancer incidence (R=.87). Across all demographic subgroups, CT prevalence correlated strongly and positively with change in thyroid cancer incidence (R=.60), greater for whites (R=.60) and blacks (R=.70) than other races (R=.28). Differences in neck CT usage strongly and positively correlates with the variation in thyroid cancer trends based on age, gender and race.

The impact of episodic screening interruption: COVID-19 and population-based cancer screening in Canada.

BackgroundPopulation-based cancer screening can reduce cancer burden but was interrupted temporarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimated the long-term clinical impact of breast and colorectal cancer screening interruptions in Canada using a validated mathematical model.MethodsWe used the OncoSim breast and colorectal cancers microsimulation models to explore scenarios of primary screening stops for 3, 6, and 12 months followed by 6–24-month transition periods of reduced screening volumes. For breast cancer, we estimated changes in cancer incidence over time, additional advanced-stage cases diagnosed, and excess cancer deaths in 2020–2029. For colorectal cancer, we estimated changes in cancer incidence over time, undiagnosed advanced adenomas and colorectal cancers in 2020, and lifetime excess cancer incidence and deaths.ResultsOur simulations projected a surge of cancer cases when screening resumes. For breast cancer screening, a three-month interruption could increase cases diagnosed at advanced stages (310 more) and cancer deaths (110 more) in 2020–2029. A six-month interruption could lead to 670 extra advanced cancers and 250 additional cancer deaths. For colorectal cancers, a six-month suspension of primary screening could increase cancer incidence by 2200 cases with 960 more cancer deaths over the lifetime. Longer interruptions, and reduced volumes when screening resumes, would further increase excess cancer deaths.ConclusionsInterruptions in cancer screening will lead to additional cancer deaths, additional advanced cancers diagnosed, and a surge in demand for downstream resources when screening resumes. An effective strategy is needed to minimize potential harm to people who missed their screening.

Changes in cancer incidence and outcomes among kidney transplant recipients in the United States over a thirty-year period

Recipients of kidney transplants have elevated cancer risk compared with the general population. Improvements over time in transplant care and cancer treatment may have affected incidence and outcomes of cancer among recipients of kidney transplant. To evaluate this, we used linked United States transplant and cancer registry data to study 101,014 adult recipients of kidney transplants over three decades (1987-1996, 1997-2006, 2007-2016). Poisson regression was used to assess trends in incidence for cancer overall and seven common cancers. Associations of cancer with risk of death-censored graft failure (DCGF) and death with functioning graft (DWFG) were evaluated with Cox regression. We also estimated absolute risks of DCGF and graft failure following cancer for recipients transplanted in 2007-2016. There was no significant change in the incidence of cancer overall or for six common cancers in recipients across the 1987-2016 period. Only the incidence of prostate cancer significantly decreased across this period after multivariate adjustment. Among recipients of kidney transplants with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, there were significant declines over time in elevated risks for DCGF and DWFG but no significant changes for other combined cancers. For recipients transplanted in the most recent period (2007-2016), risks following cancer diagnosis remained high, with 38% experiencing DWFG and 14% graft failure within four years of diagnosis. Absolute risk of DWFG was especially high following lung cancer (78%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (38%), melanoma (35%), and colorectal cancer (49%). Thus, across a 30-year period in the United States, there was no overall change in cancer incidence among recipients of kidney transplants. Despite improvements for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality.

The rising relative and absolute incidence of uterine cancer in specific populations.

To assess the contemporary incidence of cancers using American Samoa as a learning set for insights into similar populations. A retrospective observational analysis of de-identified data held in public-access databases (2004-2014) and data on uterine cancer from a hospital, both in American Samoa (2015-2016). There were 341 new cases of cancer in 2004-2014 (111 per 100000 women/year), including breast (20.2%), uterine (19.4%), and cervical (5.0%); and 287 in 2011-2015 (103 per 100000 women/year), including uterine (24.0%), breast (18.5%), and cervical (5.2%). Uterine cancer increased from 21.4 to 60.3 per 100000 women/year, becoming the most common cancer in American Samoa. In 2011-2015, the incidence-rate ratio of uterine cancer to other cancers in American Samoa was 1.3-, 3.8-, 4.6-, 7.7-, and 23-fold higher than breast, colon, cervical, ovarian, and lung cancer, respectively. Among the most recent cases (n=33), median age was 55years (10 [30.3%] <50years), median BMI was 38.2; and 11 (33.3%) cases had grade 3 histology. The pattern of cancers in American Samoa differs from that in the US mainland. The findings reflect significant changes in cancer incidence. Cancer control programs should evaluate the potential of uterine screening in accordance with their community's needs and characteristics.

Bingöl ilinde yaşayan yaşlı bireylerde kanser insidansı ve sağkalım analizi

Purpose: Cancer is an important public health problem in Turkey and in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cancer in the elderly population over the years, to evaluate the direction of change in cancer incidence, and to investigate the distribution of cancer types in the elderly population and their effect on survival.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 2019. The study was conducted on the data of 596 cancer patients over 65 years of age collected between 2013 and 2016. Pearson’s chi-square test, Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for data analysis.Results: The mean age of the patients was 74 years. (394) 66.1% of the patients were male and (202) 33.9% were female. 47.7% (284) of the patients died during the follow-up period. Cancers were most commonly originated from the gastrointestinal tract. Respiratory cancers had the highest rate of mortality during the follow-up period. Cancer incidence had an increasing trend during the follow-up period. It was found that surgical treatment significantly contributed to survival and reduced mortality risk by 2.8 fold. Chemotherapy was also found to reduce mortality risk by 1.2 fold.Conclusion: The incidence of cancer is increasing in the elderly population. Gastrointestinal cancers are the most common cancers in the elderly population, but the highest rate of mortality is observed in respiratory cancers. It can be recommended that cancer screening should be effectively performed and disseminating healthy aging strategies in the elderly population.