Changes In Agricultural Landscapes Research Articles

Advancements in smart agriculture through innovative weed management using wavelet-based convolution neural network

Smart agriculture has shifted the paradigm by integrating advanced technologies, particularly weed management. This paper introduces an innovative approach to weed control by applying a Wavelet-based Convolution Neural Network (WCNN). In the era of precision agriculture, our study explores the integration of WCNN into real-world scenarios, emphasizing its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Utilizing the spatial-frequency analysis features of wavelets and convolutional neural networks, the WCNN model is the most effective at finding weeds, classifying them, and managing them specifically in agricultural fields in real-time. This research contributes to the scientific discourse on smart agriculture and addresses the challenges of invasive weeds, presenting a sustainable solution for optimizing resource utilization. Our investigation includes a detailed exploration of WCNN’s adaptive learning mechanisms and dynamic adjustment to changing agricultural landscapes. The model seamlessly integrates with existing smart farming infrastructure, showcasing a substantial reduction in manual intervention and a simultaneous increase in agricultural productivity. We incorporate fog computing and resource optimization into our framework, enhancing the efficiency of onboard data processing. To evaluate the real-world efficacy of WCNN, we conducted comprehensive experiments in texture classification and image labelling using two distinct datasets: the plant seedling and soybean weed datasets. Results demonstrate the superior performance of WCNN, achieving higher accuracy in training and test scenarios with significantly fewer parameters than traditional CNNs. For the soybean weed dataset, WCNN achieved remarkable accuracy in the training (0.9970) and testing (0.9987) phases, with correspondingly low losses of 0.0109 and 0.0048. The WCNN model demonstrated high accuracy during training (0.9739) and testing (0.9902), with minimal losses of 0.0898 and 0.0239 in the plant seedling dataset.

Determination of the Change of Agricultural Landscapes Based on CORINE Land Cover Agricultural Land Classes Using GIS and Visual Quality Value with the AHP Method: The Case of Tekı̇rdağ Province

Agricultural landscapes contribute positively to the visual texture of the city and change over time. In this context, this study aims to determine the visual landscape quality of agricultural landscapes based on parameters on expert approach the hypothesis; it is important and necessary to determine the visual landscape values based on the change in agricultural landscapes over time. Within the framework of the developed hypothesis, it aims to make an expert-based visual landscape assessment of the agricultural landscapes of Tekirdağ Province, located in the northwestern part of Türkiye, based on nine subclasses created according to the CORINE land cover (CLC) classes, on the basis of 4 main parameters. Using the AHP technique, the priorities of the parameters and agricultural landscape classes and the relationships between basic parameters and visual preferences were determined. In this direction, the questions; What are the priorities of parameters that are effective in determining the visual quality of agricultural landscapes on the basis of expert approach?; What kind of changes have occurred in agricultural landscapes during the years 1990-2000-2006-2012-2018 in 9 subclasses created according to the CLC classes? and; How should the visual landscape quality values of the agricultural landscape subclasses created according to the CLC classes be ranked? The results of the study can be used as a tool in landscape planning and management studies as a factor in strengthening landscape quality.

Models of bee responses to land use and land cover changes in agricultural landscapes - a review and research agenda.

Predictive modelling tools can be used to support the design of agricultural landscapes to promote pollinator biodiversity and pollination services. Despite the proliferation of such modelling tools in recent decades, there remains a gap in synthesising their main characteristics and representation capacities. Here, we reviewed 42 studies that developed non-correlative models to explore the impact of land use and land cover changes on bee populations, and synthesised information about the modelled systems, modelling approaches, and key model characteristics like spatiotemporal extent and resolution. Various modelling approaches are employed to predict the biodiversity of bees and the pollination services they provide, with a prevalence of models focusing on wild populations compared to managed ones. Of these models, landscape indicators and distance decay models are relatively simple, with few parameters. They allow mapping bee visitation probabilities using basic land cover data and considering bee foraging ranges. Conversely, mechanistic or agent-based models delineate, with varying degrees of complexity, a multitude of processes that characterise, among others, the foraging behaviour and population dynamics of bees. The reviewed models collectively encompass 38 ecological, agronomic, and economic processes, producing various outputs including bee abundance, habitat visitation rate, and crop yield. To advance the development of predictive modelling tools aimed at fostering pollinator biodiversity and pollination services in agricultural landscapes, we highlight future avenues for increasing biophysical realism in models predicting the impact of land use and land cover changes on bees. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with balancing model complexity and practical usability.

Exploring agricultural landscape change from the second half of the twentieth century onwards: combining aerial imagery with farmer perspectives

ContextAnthropogenic landscape change is an important driver shaping our environment. Historical landscape analysis contributes to the monitoring and understanding of these change processes. Such analyses are often focused on specific spatial scales and single research methods, thus covering only limited aspects of landscape change.ObjectivesHere, we aim to assess the potential of combining the analysis of historical aerial imagery and local stakeholder interviews for landscape change studies using a standardized mapping and interviewing approach.MethodsWe compared six agricultural landscapes across Europe and mapped land-cover using historical aerial imagery (starting between 1930 and 1980, depending on data availability, until recent years) with an object-based image analysis and random forest classification. For local perspectives of landscape change, we conducted oral history interviews (OHIs) with (almost) retired farmers. Comparing recorded landscape changes from both approaches provided insight into advantages of combining these two methods.ResultsObject-based analysis enabled the identification of high-resolution land-cover dynamics, with scale enlargement and cropland/grassland expansion being the most commonly recurring trends across European landscapes. Perceived landscape changes identified in the OHIs included changes in farm management, landscape structure, and infrastructure. Farmers also reported drivers and personal values associated with landscape change. Combining the two historical landscape analysis tools resulted in a qualitative and quantitative understanding of changes in land-cover, land use, and land management.ConclusionsComparing physical land-cover change with local farmer perspectives is key to a comprehensive understanding of landscape change. There are different ways the two methods can be combined, leading to different venues for science and policy making.

A complete reversal in the effects of extrinsic factors on the escape behaviour of European hares over 33 years

Abstract The flight initiation distance (FID) of prey when escaping from predators is determined by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We examined the long-term variation of FID and the impact of various factors on the FID of the European hare, using an economic model. We showed that the effects of local neighbour density and the occurrence of free-ranging dogs on the FID reversed from positive to negative, and the effect of resting in wild vegetation compared with crops increased from the 1960s to the 1990s, in a population in western Poland. The change in FID related to these factors might be explained by changes in agricultural landscape, hare density, and predation risk. The FID of hares reflects their risk-taking behaviour and might change in response to habitat deterioration and changes in prey and predator populations.

The changing agricultural landscape in Canada’s Mixedwood Plains Ecozone (2011–2022) and the implications for biodiversity

The changing agricultural landscape in Canada’s Mixedwood Plains Ecozone (2011–2022) and the implications for biodiversity

Protected area tourism and management as a social-ecological complex adaptive system

This article presents a mini review of systems and resilience approaches to tourism analysis and to protected area management, and of how the Social-Ecological Complex Adaptive Systems (SECAS) framework can help link them together. SECAS is a unique framework that integrates social theories (structuration) and ecological theories (hierarchical patch dynamics) and examines inputs, outputs, and feedback across a variety of hierarchically nested social and ecological systems. After an introduction to the need for continued theoretical development, this article continues with a review of the origins and previous applications of the SECAS framework. I subsequently highlight how complex adaptive systems and resilience have been presented in the literature as a way to separately study (1) protected area management, (2) protected area tourism/ecotourism, and (3) land-use change in adjacent forest and agricultural landscapes. The purpose of this article is to build on the frameworks described in this literature and link them through the SECAS framework. I populate the SECAS framework with components identified in the literature on protected area management, ecotourism, and land-use change to present an example of a full systems perspective. Each component also represents a hierarchically nested system, such as a governance system, health system, or transportation system. I conclude with a three-step (5-part) multi-scale and temporal method for SECAS research derived from hierarchy and structuration theories.

Agricultural wetland utilization based on land cover restoration and water–ecosystem nexus

Abstract Wetlands, as a special ecological environment, are not only important biodiversity conservation areas but also one of the important agricultural resources. Agriculture plays an irreplaceable role in human society. It is directly related to human survival and development, and is also a part of people's environmental awareness and cultural inheritance. Based on the principles of sustainable development and strengthening environmental protection, people should pay more attention to the development and improvement of agriculture. However, with the advancement of urbanization, the area of wetlands continues to decrease, causing damage to ecosystems and posing a threat to some agricultural production. This article combined the transfer matrix of agricultural wetland utilization, landscape change rate, and landscape pattern index, used RS (Remote Sensing) and GIS (Geographic Information System) technologies to analyze the dynamic changes in agricultural wetland utilization and landscape of Honghu Lake in the Four Lakes region, and explored its changing factors. The results indicated that the construction land area showed an increasing trend in 2016, 2019, and 2022, while the wetland area of rice fields showed a first decreasing and then increasing trend.

Soil Erosion in Extensive versus Intensive Land Uses in Areas Sensitive to Desertification: A Case Study in Beira Baixa, Portugal

The occurrence of long periods of drought followed by extreme episodes of rainfall and ineffective soil conservation practices are the main causes of soil erosion in the Mediterranean region. The objective of this paper is to assess and compare the hydrological and erosional responses related to land use changes in agricultural landscapes that are sensitive to erosion and that are a result of the significant replacement of traditional land uses. Such changes are characterized by the replacement of extensive olive groves associated with pastureland by intensive almond production, where deep plowing and heavy machinery are required. In each sampling site, runoff initiation, runoff coefficient, and soil loss were evaluated under simulated rainfall (55 mm h−1), at plot scale (0.25 m2), at the end of the hot and dry summer period. Slope gradient, soil texture, bulk density, soil organic matter content, soil water content, and plant cover were also determined. The results showed the impact of recently planted intensive almond orchards (IAOs) on accelerating soil erosion risk compared with the extensive traditional olive groves (EOGs), although runoff initiation and discharge are very similar between the studied land uses. The mean values recorded for soil loss and sediment concentration were 118 g m−2 h−1 and 12 g m−2 h−1 and 3.1 g L−1 and 0.7 g L−1, respectively, for IAOs and EOGs. Our results also demonstrated that maintaining a vegetation cover is a determining factor for the prevention and control of soil erosion, especially in IAOs, where retaining high percentages of natural plant-residue mulch layers (>70%) reduced soil loss by about 70% in this study.

Changes in agricultural crop suits and landscape: a time-series study using multispectral imageries from rural Bangladesh

Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural country, so studying suitable land for crops and landscapes is essential. Substantial or detailed studies, particularly on this aspect of the landscape and crop suitability for different seasons, are limited. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze and evaluate the chronological changes in agricultural crop suits and landscapes along the river Titas, Bangladesh. For the study, the Brahmanbaria district was considered as a case study period from 2012 to 2022. Primary data were obtained from 384 Questionnaire surveys and 10 FGDs, whereas secondary data were collected from CEGIS and BBS. Sentinel 2 images were used for mapping and chronological changes in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC). Between the study periods, paddy cultivation declined from 31 to 18% in Rabi, leading to maximum winter vegetation. However, there were no significant changes in the Kharif-I season. Except for paddy farming, which declined from 22% to 18% in Kharif-II, changes are few. This study identified 12 driving variables demonstrating that labor and capital availability were more responsible, whereas farm size was less responsible for determining agricultural and landscape changes. Rabi, Kharif-I, and Kharif-II had an overall accuracy of 85.98, 82.13, and 89.52%, respectively, with a kappa coefficient of 84.90, 86.37, and 82.50%. All classes were over 83.87% in producer accuracy, while all classes except urban and industrial were above 86.00% in user accuracy. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 49(1): 85-100, June 2023

Understanding microtopography changes in agricultural landscapes through precision assessments of digital surface models by the UAV-RTK-PPK method without ground control points

Soil erosion on agricultural land causes severe environmental problems and damages crop plants. Structure-from-motion with multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) together with data obtained via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) helps understand spatiotemporal changes in the ground surface if there is enough precise data. However, installing ground control points in the field is labor intensive and disturbs field conditions. Here, images georeferenced using the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) method were further improved using Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) analysis. This study aims to verify whether the UAV-RTK-PPK method can create precise digital surface models to evaluate topographic changes owing to erosion without ground control points. The effects of the camera's interior orientation parameters settings and the addition of oblique images to nadiral images on the precision were also examined to reduce the positional error by the doming and bowling phenomena. Field observations were conducted in a 150 m × 25 m potato field with 156 poles to consider the three-dimensional object shapes in the verification. The doming or bowling phenomena occurred using only the nadiral images. The precision of the digital surface model was approximately 0.40 and 0.20 m (in the Z-direction) using the estimated and fixed camera's interior orientation parameters, respectively. In contrast, the digital surface models produced by adding oblique images to the nadiral images had a precision of approximately 0.04 m, regardless of the camera's interior orientation parameters. Thus, a high-precision digital surface model was obtained from images acquired using the UAV-RTK-PPK and SfM-MVS methods without ground control points. The digital surface model positional precision was improved by adding oblique images to the nadiral images without having to consider the camera's interior orientation parameters. Topographic changes >0.05 m after erosion by heavy rainfall were evaluated without ground control points using the UAV-RTK-PPK method with oblique and nadiral images. Therefore, our method can monitor the erosion of agricultural fields that may cause crop damage, such as the greening of potatoes.

Abandonment of Cropland and Seminatural Grassland in a Mountainous Traditional Agricultural Landscape in Japan

The abandonment of traditional agricultural land is a global phenomenon, especially in mountainous areas. Although there are many mountainous villages where traditional agriculture, based on wild-plant mulching systems, is still practiced in Japan, the extent of land use change in these areas has not been quantitatively assessed. Economic theory predicts the systematic allocation of land to its maximum net value in response to distance from residential centres or demand. We tested this theory to determine whether: (1) grassland and cropland abandonment occurs far from residential centres and (2) new grassland becomes established near residential centres because its products (i.e., wild plants) are essential to traditional agriculture. We interviewed farmers from the traditional mountain village of Kosuge, Japan, to examine land use change at a parcel scale over the period 1940–2019. Our predictions were confirmed in that cropland and grassland were abandoned, while regrowth forests and plantations became established thereafter in the more inaccessible areas, in terms of distance from the village centre and slope aspect. Furthermore, new grassland developed near the centre of the village, leading to the ‘advance’ of grassland into the residential centre. Our results indicate that spatiotemporal patterns of land use change in traditional agricultural landscapes can be predicted and used to inform policies designed to sustainably maintain these landscapes and their ecosystem function.

Habitat preference influences response to changing agricultural landscapes in two long-horned bees

Agricultural intensification and urban development have drastically influenced pollinators living in semi-natural grasslands. Pollinators are likely to have different responses to more intensive land uses; some decline rapidly, whereas others maintain or increase their populations. We predicted that differences in interspecific responses to different land uses are partly attributed to differences in habitat preference. We examined the distribution and flower use patterns of two closely related Eucera species with different habitat preferences. Study sites were narrow belt-like meadows within traditional, intensified, and urbanised agricultural lands in the Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area, Japan. Forest-associated Eucera nipponensis were significantly fewer in consolidated and urbanised meadows than in traditional meadows, whereas open land-associated E. spurcatipes exhibited the opposite pattern. A significant negative relationship between their abundance was also found. Both species foraged on legume flowers most frequently (83.5%), but their floral use patterns differed significantly in traditional and consolidated meadows. The bee species that preferred stable habitats were vulnerable to land consolidation and urbanisation, while the species associated with disturbed habitats maintained or increased its population size in meadows with these intensive land uses. Thus, recent land-use changes may have different impacts on species with different habitat preferences.

The influence of recycled sludge sewage sludge on the morphological parameters of the species of Quercus robur L.

Petiolate oak is one of the main forest–forming species not only in the European part of Russia, but also in arid regions - in the Kamyshinsky district of the Lower Volga region, on the Terek, Tereklinsky and Kuma sands of the Nogai steppe, in the Astrakhan semi-desert, Samara and Orenburg regions. Its durability and stability allow us to recommend the cultivation of this species in plantings for various purposes. Protective forest plantations make changes in agricultural landscapes, having a large organic mass, redistributing biological potential. Accelerated growth, durability of trees in protective forest stands is determined, first of all, by the provision of species with nutrients. The modern strategy of agriculture based on chemicalization leads to an increase in erosion processes, and as a result, a decrease in the level of soil fertility. Recently, environmental "green" technologies have become very relevant, so there is a need to find new ways to solve the problems of soil degradation and fertility, search for effective non-traditional fertilizers and meliorants. The use of silt and bottom sediments in the creation of protective forest crops in the arid zone remains poorly studied, but is of great practical interest. It has been established that the use of disinfected sewage sludge gives a positive effect in the cultivation of oak seedlings, ensuring its need for the necessary nutrients. For the entire time of the experiment, the use of bottom sediments from the point "Sukhodol" showed the best result. Together with the growth of the apical shoots of the petiolate oak, the growth of phytomass, the rate of growth and development increased. Undemanding to soil conditions, the petiolate oak is quite capable of growing in ravine-girder and landscaping plantings on various types of soils. It is necessary to continue studying non-traditional fertilizers and meliorants, their composition, features and unique properties. Their introduction into agriculture will allow solving fundamental problems and issues of soil fertility (increasing phytomass reserves and preserving the fertile layer), the formation and maintenance of stability and productivity of agrobiocenoses.

Research Status and Trends of Agrobiodiversity and Traditional Knowledge Based on Bibliometric Analysis (1992–Mid-2022)

Traditional knowledge is a favored research area in agrobiodiversity conservation at home and abroad, and plays a vital role in the sustainable use of ecosystems, livelihood support, and food security. In this paper, the WoS Core Collection was used as the data source to statistically analyze the literature on the topic of agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge research. The results show the following: (1) The number of articles published in agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge research has been increasing annually. (2) The United States is the most influential country in this field of research, and other leading countries include India, Mexico, Germany, and Italy. (3) The existing research is mainly in the field of natural science, and the Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine is the most crucial journal in terms of the number of articles published. (4) Neither authors nor institutional collaboration networks have formed a close transnational collaboration network. (5) Popular research in this area includes the conservation of local varieties, agricultural landscape changes, livelihood support, and agroforestry systems. (6) In addition to the ongoing focus on natural ecological aspects of research, future research will focus more on cultural and social benefits. Finally, we propose to enhance the exploration of quantitative analysis research methods, strengthen interdisciplinary research exchanges, expand the breadth of disciplinary research, strengthen stakeholder cooperation, and promote the construction of relevant policies and regulations.

Absence of genetic isolation across highly fragmented landscape in the ant Temnothorax nigriceps

BackgroundHuman activities, including changes in agricultural landscapes, often impact biodiversity through habitat fragmentation. This potentially reduces genetic exchange between previously connected populations. Using a combination of nuclear and mitochondrial markers, we investigated (i) genetic diversity and population structure at multiple spatial scales and (ii) colony genetic structure and queen mating frequency in the ant species Temnothorax nigriceps in a highly anthropized environment.ResultsAlthough the results highlighted genetic structure on a European spatial scale, they did not reveal an impact of fragmentation on a regional scale, and we did not observe any genetic population structure on a regional scale. Across all populations, regardless of their geographical location, colony structure suggested monogyny (a single queen per colony) and monandry (single mating). However, nestmates were more related than expected, indicating that large-scale dispersal does not fully prevent genetic isolation.ConclusionsDespite living in fragmented patches of habitat, populations of Temnothorax nigriceps are apparently genetically not isolated at a regional scale. However, large-scale dispersal alone does not prevent genetic isolation. The ecological requirements of T. nigriceps may explain their resilience to habitat fragmentation by allowing them to survive in very small patches of suitable habitat. The deeper investigation of the diversity of functional habitats for this species should allow to appreciate better the mechanisms permitting this species to overcome the negative impacts of fragmentation.

Recent Insights and Promising Applications of Plant Disease Resistance Genes: A Review

Plant disease resistance genes play a pivotal role in defending crops against pathogens, and safeguarding global food security. Plant disease resistance genes are crucial components of plant immunity, playing a pivotal role in protecting crops against many pathogens. This review delves into recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms, evolutionary dynamics, and applications of plant disease-resistance genes in agriculture. It explores the intricate molecular pathways involved in plant-pathogen interactions, highlighting recent discoveries in plant immune system components and their regulation. The review also examines the evolutionary dynamics of resistance genes, including gene duplication, diversification, and co-evolution with pathogens, shedding light on adaptive strategies employed by plants. Furthermore, it discusses emerging gene discovery and characterization technologies, such as genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches, and their implications for accelerating crop breeding efforts. The review emphasizes the practical applications of disease-resistance genes in crop improvement, including strategies for incorporating resistance genes into breeding programs and deploying resistant cultivars. Additionally, it discusses the broader implications of harnessing resistance genes for sustainable agriculture, biodiversity conservation, and global food security. By synthesizing interdisciplinary research findings, this review provides valuable insights into the future directions of utilizing plant disease-resistance genes for crop protection and productivity in a changing agricultural landscape.

Intensification of rice farming and its environmental consequences recorded in a Liangzhu reservoir, China

The origin and subsequent development of rice agriculture enabled humans to transition from hunter-gatherers to farmers, thereby profoundly changing human society. However, less attention is focused on when and how rice cultivation practices began to alter the landscape. In this study, sediment from the reservoir inside the Mifenglong dam, Liangzhu hydraulic system was sampled. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results revealed that the duration of the Mifenglong reservoir ranged from 4900 cal BP to 1500 cal BP. The results showed that between 2500 cal BP and 1500 cal BP, intensive rice farming practices transformed the surrounding vegetation and landscapes through deforestation and changes in herbaceous plant structure. This study provides an insight into the impact of human activities and how they influenced the environment on a local scale, as well as contributing to a deeper understanding of the relationships between agricultural development and landscape changes.

О техногенных преобразованиях речной сети на Азово-Кубанской равнине (реки Челбас, Албаши)

The article analyzes changes in steppe agricultural landscapes in the central part of the Azov-Kuban Plain over the period 2000–2020 using satellite imagery and DEM ASTER GDEM data. in terms of changing the structure of land use and hydrographic characteristics. Most of the agricultural land of the Krasnodar territory, occupying 61.4 % of the region’s territory, is located on the Azov-Kuban plain in the steppe river basins. The territory under consideration with an area of 6268 km², covering the basins of the Chelbas and Albashi rivers, according to its geographical characteristics, is typical from the standpoint of the modern dynamics of agrolandscapes and transformations of the river network. The transformation of agrolandscapes is accompanied by redevelopment and plowing of the territory, mass construction of dams on rivers, violation of the conditions of natural drainage, which leads to the restructuring of water exchange processes in river basins. 19 private river basins have been identified with the definition of land use types on the surface of the basins. In each of the private basins, a land use structure has been established that affects hydrographic indicators, a decrease in the length of watercourses and the density of the river network has been revealed. For 2000–2020 in private basins, the total length of watercourses, due to plowing and redevelopment of the surface, decreased by 1.51–33.14 %, and in general, in the analyzed section of the Azov-Kuban Plain, by 437 km or by 16.5 %. A widespread “die-off” of the upper sections of the river and ravine network was recorded, most noticeable in the peripheral watersheds.

Implementation Research for Integrated Tick Control of Rhipicephalus australis (Acari: Ixodidae) Through the Pasture and Cattle Management Method in New Caledonia

Abstract New Caledonia is a major livestock producing country in the Southwest Pacific where cattle raising for beef production is a primary agricultural activity. The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus australis, is the most economically important ectoparasite of livestock in New Caledonia. Blood feeding by the parasitic stages of R. australis limits the productivity of tick-susceptible European cattle breeds, which are preferred by livestock farmers. Methods that consider the interplay between tick biology and ecology of pastured cattle provide an opportunity for integrated tick management approaches to mitigate the deleterious effects of R. australis on cattle health and production. Research to implement a Pasture and Cattle Management (PCM) method for integrated control of R. australis in New Caledonia is presented here. Principal aspects of the PCM are described. Optimizing the use of long-acting acaricides contributes to these efforts. Its agroecological foundation affords versatility in the strategic application of practices that follow the PCM method at the farm and agricultural landscape levels. This allows the incorporation of other control technologies like the use of a vaccine against R. australis. Research recommendations to refine integrated R. australis control involving the PCM method for sustainable cattle production in New Caledonia are discussed. Continued research on the biology and ecology of R. australis across the changing agricultural landscape of its geographic range will inform science-based adaptations of the PCM method, which could facilitate its implementation as part of integrated cattle tick management efforts in other semi-extensive cattle management settings.