Changes In Abdominal Organs Research Articles

Changes of abdominal organs in children with tuberculosis infection detected by ultrasound diagnostics

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound diagnostics of abdominal organs is an early method of detecting functional and structural changes in tuberculosis infection before the manifestation of clinical manifestations. Currently, there are no uniform criteria for interpreting the sonographic pathology of parenchymal organs in tuberculosis infection in children, which requires its analysis.
 AIM: The aim is to determine the frequency and nature of sonographic changes in abdominal organs in children with tuberculosis infection, as well as their dynamics against the background of chemotherapy.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: 192 patients aged 6 months 14 years of tuberculosis department of City Childrens Infectious Hospital No. 3 for the period 20192021 were examined. 3 groups of patients were identified: group 1 92 children with active tuberculosis of the respiratory organs; group 2 52 children with residual post-tuberculosis changes; group 3 48 children with latent tuberculosis infection from tuberculosis risk groups. Comprehensive examination of patients included evaluation of the results of immunodiagnostics (Mantoux test with 2TE and test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen), multispiral computed tomography of the chest, laboratory tests. Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs was prescribed to children in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection and on the background of anti-tuberculosis therapy after 3 and 6 months.
 RESULTS: Sonographic changes of the liver (reactive and/or intrahepatic cholestasis and/or hepatomegaly) were observed in children with active tuberculosis in 40.2 5.1% of cases, in children of group 3 in 35.4 6.9% of cases and less often in children of group 2 in 17.3 5.3% of cases (p 0.05). Changes of the gallbladder (violations of bile outflow and/or shape changes) in children with active tuberculosis were visualized in 73.9 4.6% of cases, in children of group 3 (60.4 7.1%), less often in children of group 2 (55.8 6.7%, p 0.05 for group 1). Changes of the pancreas were reactive and were more often observed in children of group 1 (in 14.1 3.5%) than in children of group 2 (5.8 3.2%, p 0.05) and group 3 (4.2 2.9%). Changes of the spleen were more often detected in children with active tuberculosis (in 17.4 4.0%) than in children of group 2 (5.8 3.2%, p 0.05) and group 3 (2.1 2.1%, p 0.05). During chemotherapy, there was an increase in the number of sonographic changes of the liver and gallbladder by 23 months, which was due to the undesirable effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs.
 CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound diagnostics of the abdominal organs allows the most timely diagnosis of changes in the abdominal organs in children with tuberculosis infection, which allows individualizing pathogenetic therapy, if necessary, tuberculosis chemotherapy regimen.

Sonographic changes of abdominal organs in children with different course of tuberculosis infection

In order to determine the frequency and nature of sonographic changes in abdominal organs in children with tuberculosis infection, 192 patients at the age of 6 months -14 years were examined on the basis of the tuberculosis department of City Children’s Infectious Hospital №3 for the period 2019-2021. 3 groups of patients were identified: group 1 - 92 children with active respiratory tuberculosis; group 2 – 52 children with residual post-tuberculosis changes; group 3 – 48 children with latent tuberculosis infection at risk of tuberculosis. Sonographic liver changes (reactive and/or intrahepatic cholestasis and/or hepatomegaly) were observed in children with active tuberculosis in 40.2±5.1% of cases, in children of group 3 - in 35.4±6.9% of cases and less often in children of group 2 - in 17.3±5.3% of cases (p<0.05). Changes of the gallbladder (violations of bile outflow and/or shape changes) were visualized in children with active tuberculosis in 73.9±4.6% of cases, in children of group 3 (60.4±7.1% of cases), less often in children of group 2 (55.8±6.7% of cases, p<0.05 for group 1). Changes of the pancreas were reactive and were more often observed in children of group 1 - in 14.1± 3.5% of cases than in children of group 2 (5.8±3.2% of cases, p<0.05) and group 3 (4.2± 2.9% of cases). Also, ultrasound changes of the spleen were more often detected in children with active tuberculosis - in 17.4±4.0% of cases than in children of group 2 (5.8±3.2% of cases, p<0.05) and group 3 (2.1±2.1% of cases, p<0.05).

Zone-dependent acute circulatory changes in abdominal organs and extremities after resuscitative balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA): an experimental model

IntroductionResuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) may be used in severely injured patients with uncontrollable bleeding. However, zone-dependent effects of REBOA are rarely described. We compared the short-term zone- and organ-specific microcirculatory changes in abdominal organs and the extremity during occlusion of the aorta in a standardized porcine model.MethodsMale pigs were placed under general anesthesia, for median laparotomy to expose intra-abdominal organs. REBOA placement occurred in Zone 1 (from origin left subclavian artery to celiac trunk), Zone 2 (between the coeliac trunk and most caudal renal artery) and Zone 3 (distal most caudal renal artery to aortic bifurcation). Local microcirculation of the intra-abdominal organs were measured at the stomach, colon, small intestine, liver, and kidneys. Furthermore, the right medial vastus muscle was included for assessment. Microcirculation was measured using oxygen-to-see device (arbitrary units, A.U). Invasive blood pressure measurements were recorded in the carotid and femoral artery (ipsilateral). Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R)-time was 10 min with complete occlusion.ResultsAt baseline, microcirculation of intra-abdominal organs differed significantly (p < 0.001), the highest flow was in the kidneys (208.3 ± 32.9 A.U), followed by the colon (205.7 ± 36.2 A.U.). At occlusion in Zone 1, all truncal organs showed significant decreases (p < 0.001) in microcirculation, by 75% at the colon, and 44% at the stomach. Flow-rate changes at the extremities were non-significant (n.s). During occlusion in Zone 2, a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in microcirculation was observed at the colon (− 78%), small intestine (− 53%) and kidney (− 65%). The microcirculatory changes at the extremity were n.s. During occlusion in Zone 3, truncal and extremity microcirculatory changes were n.s.ConclusionAll abdominal organs showed significant changes in microcirculation during REBOA. The intra-abdominal organs react differently to the same occlusion, whereas local microcirculation in extremities appeared to be unaffected by short-time REBOA, regardless of the zone of occlusion.

Safety and efficacy of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for removing microcapsules

BackgroundMicroencapsulated islets are used to prevent immune rejection associated with pancreatic islet transplantation, but cellular overgrowth affects transplantation success, necessitating removal of microcapsules prior to retransplantation. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for the removal of microcapsules surrounding islet cells. MethodsMicrocapsule dissolution was investigated after in vitro exposure to EDTA for 72 h. Dissolution, blood biochemical markers, and pathologic changes in abdominal organs were observed after intraperitoneal administration of different concentrations of EDTA to rats with abdominally transplanted empty microcapsules. The extent of overgrowth and time to adhesion development were recorded after implantation of microencapsulated islets into the abdominal cavity of diabetic rats. EDTA (0–240 mmol/L) was injected to observe the transplantation effect and ability to dissolve microcapsules. ResultsThere was a positive correlation between the rate of microcapsule dissolution and EDTA concentration in vitro. Following administration of 60 mmol/L EDTA, the majority of microcapsules within the abdominal cavity were dissolved and the retrieval rate was 2.6%. No adverse effects, abnormal blood biochemical markers, or organ damage were observed in rats 1 mo following intraperitoneal injection with EDTA at doses up to 60 mmol/L. Microcapsule retrieval and blood glucose were significantly higher in cases of grade II cellular overgrowth than in cases of grade 0–I overgrowth. ConclusionsEDTA (60 mmol/L) dissolved microcapsules in vivo without affecting islet cell viability or secretion capacity, and without affecting blood biochemical markers. Optimal dissolution was achieved with grade 0–I overgrowth after implantation of microencapsulated islets.

Comparison between computed tomography (CT) and autopsy findings in cases of abdominal injury and disease

We report 10 autopsy cases involving fatal pathological changes in abdominal organs, for which findings of computed tomography (CT) on admission or after death were compared with autopsy findings. Two of the cases were death due to natural causes and eight were death due to traffic accidents. From the findings at autopsy, the causes of death were considered to be rupture of an aortic aneurysm in one case, gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric cancer in one case, retroperitoneal bleeding in two cases, laceration of the liver in three cases, and traumatic rupture of the small intestine in three cases. CT findings revealed ascites or retroperitoneal bleeding in eight cases. However, in the cases of small-intestinal rupture, CT findings on admission revealed no free air. Therefore, ascites on CT should be regarded as a useful indicator of blunt abdominal trauma. Hepatic portal venous gas, known to be a post-mortem change, was significantly evident on post-mortem CT in cases of traumatic liver or intestinal injury, and was also seen in cases where the period between the accident and CT examination was long.

Effect of Anapsos in a murine model of experimental trichomoniasis.

Immunomodulator effect of Anapsos (Polypodium leukotomas extract) in NMRI (US Naval Medical Research Institute) outbred mice infected by the intraperitoneal route with 10(7) Trichomonas vaginalis has been tested. Gross histopathologic changes in abdominal organs and mortality rate, as a consequence of the pathogenicity of the protozoa and the immune response of the host, were evaluated. Among the different treatment regimes assayed, Anapsos at doses of 20 mg/Kg/day administered for 10 days before infection decreases the parasite pathogenicity index (PI) in the treated animals when compared to those of the untreated control group. The immunosuppressor treatments with azathioprine (100 mg/Kg/day x 1), cyclophosphamide (100 mg/Kg/day x 1), and FK-506 (10 mg/Kg/day x 10) significantly decreased the PI, while an immunostimulant treatment with glycophosphopeptical (13 mg/Kg/day x 10) increased it. These assays have shown the usefulness of the murine model of experimental trichomoniasis for the study of immunomodulator activity of natural or synthetic drugs.